🔖 chore(release): v2.0.0-next.152 [skip ci]

## [Version 2.0.0-next.152](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v2.0.0-next.151...v2.0.0-next.152)
<sup>Released on **2025-12-03**</sup>

#### ✨ Features

- **misc**: Optimize betterauth UX.

<br/>

<details>
<summary><kbd>Improvements and Fixes</kbd></summary>

#### What's improved

* **misc**: Optimize betterauth UX, closes [#10582](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10582) ([01a6a89](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/01a6a89))

</details>

<div align="right">

[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-BACK_TO_TOP-151515?style=flat-square)](#readme-top)

</div>

.console-log-whitelist.json

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "files": ["drizzle.config.ts"],
+  "patterns": [
+    "scripts/**",
+    "**/*.test.ts",
+    "**/*.test.tsx",
+    "**/*.spec.ts",
+    "**/*.spec.tsx",
+    "**/examples/**",
+    "e2e/**",
+    ".github/scripts/**",
+    "apps/desktop/**"
+  ]
+}

.cursor/rules/db-migrations.mdc

@@ -5,7 +5,22 @@ alwaysApply: false
 
 # Database Migrations Guide
 
-## Defensive Programming - Use Idempotent Clauses
+## Step1: Generate migrations:
+
+```bash
+bun run db:generate
+```
+
+this step will generate or update the following files:
+
+- packages/database/migrations/0046_xxx.sql
+- packages/database/migrations/meta/\_journal.json
+
+## Step2: optimize the migration sql fileName
+
+the migration sql file name is randomly generated, we need to optimize the file name to make it more readable and meaningful. For example, `0046_xxx.sql` -> `0046_better_auth.sql`
+
+## Step3: Defensive Programming - Use Idempotent Clauses
 
 Always use defensive clauses to make migrations idempotent:
 

.cursor/rules/project-introduce.mdc

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ alwaysApply: true
 
 ## Project Description
 
-You are developing an open-source, modern-design AI chat framework: lobehub(previous lobe-chat).
+You are developing an open-source, modern-design AI Agent Workspace: LobeHub(previous LobeChat).
 
 Supported platforms:
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ logo emoji: 🤯
 
 ## Project Technologies Stack
 
-- Next.js 15
+- Next.js 16
 - react 19
 - TypeScript
 - `@lobehub/ui`, antd for component framework

.cursor/rules/project-structure.mdc

@@ -16,17 +16,28 @@ lobe-chat/
 ├── apps/
 │   └── desktop/
 ├── docs/
+│   ├── changelog/
+│   ├── development/
+│   ├── self-hosting/
+│   └── usage/
 ├── locales/
 │   ├── en-US/
 │   └── zh-CN/
 ├── packages/
+│   ├── agent-runtime/
 │   ├── const/
 │   ├── context-engine/
+│   ├── conversation-flow/
 │   ├── database/
 │   │   ├── src/
 │   │   │   ├── models/
 │   │   │   ├── schemas/
 │   │   │   └── repositories/
+│   ├── electron-client-ipc/
+│   ├── electron-server-ipc/
+│   ├── fetch-sse/
+│   ├── file-loaders/
+│   ├── memory-extract/
 │   ├── model-bank/
 │   │   └── src/
 │   │       └── aiModels/
@@ -34,11 +45,16 @@ lobe-chat/
 │   │   └── src/
 │   │       ├── core/
 │   │       └── providers/
+│   ├── obervability-otel/
+│   ├── prompts/
+│   ├── python-interpreter/
+│   ├── ssrf-safe-fetch/
 │   ├── types/
 │   │   └── src/
 │   │       ├── message/
 │   │       └── user/
-│   └── utils/
+│   ├── utils/
+│   └── web-crawler/
 ├── public/
 ├── scripts/
 ├── src/
@@ -68,7 +84,9 @@ lobe-chat/
 │   │   ├── AuthProvider/
 │   │   └── GlobalProvider/
 │   ├── libs/
-│   │   └── oidc-provider/
+│   │   ├── better-auth/
+│   │   ├── oidc-provider/
+│   │   └── trpc/
 │   ├── locales/
 │   │   └── default/
 │   ├── server/

.env.example

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 # Specify your API Key selection method, currently supporting `random` and `turn`.
 # API_KEY_SELECT_MODE=random
 
-########################################
-########### Security Settings ###########
-########################################
+# #######################################
+# ########## Security Settings ###########
+# #######################################
 
 # Control Content Security Policy headers
 # Set to '1' to enable X-Frame-Options and Content-Security-Policy headers
@@ -24,11 +24,31 @@
 # Example: Allow specific internal servers while keeping SSRF protection
 # SSRF_ALLOW_IP_ADDRESS_LIST=192.168.1.100,10.0.0.50
 
+########################################
+############ Redis Settings ############
+########################################
+
+# Connection string for self-hosted Redis (Docker/K8s/managed). Use container hostname when running via docker-compose.
+# REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379
+
+# Optional database index.
+# REDIS_DATABASE=0
+
+# Optional authentication for managed Redis.
+# REDIS_USERNAME=default
+# REDIS_PASSWORD=yourpassword
+
+# Set to '1' to enforce TLS when connecting to managed Redis or rediss:// endpoints.
+# REDIS_TLS=0
+
+# Namespace prefix for cache/queue keys.
+# REDIS_PREFIX=lobechat
+
 ########################################
 ########## AI Provider Service #########
 ########################################
 
-### OpenAI ###
+# ## OpenAI ###
 
 # you openai api key
 OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
@@ -40,7 +60,7 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
 # OPENAI_MODEL_LIST=gpt-3.5-turbo
 
 
-### Azure OpenAI ###
+# ## Azure OpenAI ###
 
 # you can learn azure OpenAI Service on https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-services/openai/overview
 # use Azure OpenAI Service by uncomment the following line
@@ -55,7 +75,7 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
 # AZURE_API_VERSION=2024-10-21
 
 
-### Anthropic Service ####
+# ## Anthropic Service ####
 
 # ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
@@ -63,19 +83,19 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
 # ANTHROPIC_PROXY_URL=https://api.anthropic.com
 
 
-### Google AI  ####
+# ## Google AI  ####
 
 # GOOGLE_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
 
-### AWS Bedrock  ###
+# ## AWS Bedrock  ###
 
 # AWS_REGION=us-east-1
 # AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 # AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
 
-### Ollama AI ####
+# ## Ollama AI ####
 
 # You can use ollama to get and run LLM locally, learn more about it via https://github.com/ollama/ollama
 
@@ -85,132 +105,132 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
 # OLLAMA_MODEL_LIST=your_ollama_model_names
 
 
-### OpenRouter Service ###
+# ## OpenRouter Service ###
 
 # OPENROUTER_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 # OPENROUTER_MODEL_LIST=model1,model2,model3
 
 
-### Mistral AI ###
+# ## Mistral AI ###
 
 # MISTRAL_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### Perplexity Service ###
+# ## Perplexity Service ###
 
 # PERPLEXITY_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### Groq Service ####
+# ## Groq Service ####
 
 # GROQ_API_KEY=gsk_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-#### 01.AI Service ####
+# ### 01.AI Service ####
 
 # ZEROONE_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### TogetherAI Service ###
+# ## TogetherAI Service ###
 
 # TOGETHERAI_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### ZhiPu AI ###
+# ## ZhiPu AI ###
 
 # ZHIPU_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### Moonshot AI  ####
+# ## Moonshot AI  ####
 
 # MOONSHOT_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### Minimax AI  ####
+# ## Minimax AI  ####
 
 # MINIMAX_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### DeepSeek AI  ####
+# ## DeepSeek AI  ####
 
 # DEEPSEEK_PROXY_URL=https://api.deepseek.com/v1
 # DEEPSEEK_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### Qiniu AI  ####
+# ## Qiniu AI  ####
 
 # QINIU_PROXY_URL=https://api.qnaigc.com/v1
 # QINIU_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### Qwen AI  ####
+# ## Qwen AI  ####
 
 # QWEN_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### Cloudflare Workers AI  ####
+# ## Cloudflare Workers AI  ####
 
 # CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 # CLOUDFLARE_BASE_URL_OR_ACCOUNT_ID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### SiliconCloud AI  ####
+# ## SiliconCloud AI  ####
 
 # SILICONCLOUD_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
 
-### TencentCloud AI  ####
+# ## TencentCloud AI  ####
 
 # TENCENT_CLOUD_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### PPIO ####
+# ## PPIO ####
 
 # PPIO_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### INFINI-AI ###
+# ## INFINI-AI ###
 
 # INFINIAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
 
-### 302.AI ###
+# ## 302.AI ###
 
 # AI302_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### ModelScope ###
+# ## ModelScope ###
 
 # MODELSCOPE_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### AiHubMix ###
+# ## AiHubMix ###
 
 # AIHUBMIX_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### BFL ###
+# ## BFL ###
 
 # BFL_API_KEY=bfl-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### FAL ###
+# ## FAL ###
 
 # FAL_API_KEY=fal-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-########################################
-######### AI Image Settings ############
-########################################
+# #######################################
+# ######## AI Image Settings ############
+# #######################################
 
 # Default image generation count (range: 1-20, default: 4)
 # AI_IMAGE_DEFAULT_IMAGE_NUM=4
 
-### Nebius ###
+# ## Nebius ###
 
 # NEBIUS_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
-### NewAPI Service ###
+# ## NewAPI Service ###
 
 # NEWAPI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 # NEWAPI_PROXY_URL=https://your-newapi-server.com
 
-### Vercel AI Gateway ###
+# ## Vercel AI Gateway ###
 
 # VERCELAIGATEWAY_API_KEY=your_vercel_ai_gateway_api_key
 
 
-########################################
-############ Market Service ############
-########################################
+# #######################################
+# ########### Market Service ############
+# #######################################
 
 # The LobeChat agents market index url
 # AGENTS_INDEX_URL=https://chat-agents.lobehub.com
 
-########################################
-############ Plugin Service ############
-########################################
+# #######################################
+# ########### Plugin Service ############
+# #######################################
 
 # The LobeChat plugins store index url
 # PLUGINS_INDEX_URL=https://chat-plugins.lobehub.com
@@ -219,9 +239,9 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
 # the format is `plugin-identifier:key1=value1;key2=value2`, multiple settings fields are separated by semicolons `;`, multiple plugin settings are separated by commas `,`.
 # PLUGIN_SETTINGS=search-engine:SERPAPI_API_KEY=xxxxx
 
-########################################
-####### Doc / Changelog Service ########
-########################################
+# #######################################
+# ###### Doc / Changelog Service ########
+# #######################################
 
 # Use in Changelog / Document service cdn url prefix
 # DOC_S3_PUBLIC_DOMAIN=https://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
@@ -231,9 +251,9 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
 # DOC_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
 
-########################################
-##### S3 Object Storage Service ########
-########################################
+# #######################################
+# #### S3 Object Storage Service ########
+# #######################################
 
 # S3 keys
 # S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
@@ -253,19 +273,19 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
 # S3_REGION=us-west-1
 
 
-########################################
-############ Auth Service ##############
-########################################
+# #######################################
+# ########### Auth Service ##############
+# #######################################
 
 
 # Clerk related configurations
 
 # Clerk public key and secret key
-#NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY=pk_live_xxxxxxxxxxx
-#CLERK_SECRET_KEY=sk_live_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+# NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY=pk_live_xxxxxxxxxxx
+# CLERK_SECRET_KEY=sk_live_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
 # you need to config the clerk webhook secret key if you want to use the clerk with database
-#CLERK_WEBHOOK_SECRET=whsec_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+# CLERK_WEBHOOK_SECRET=whsec_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 
 # Clear allow origin https://clerk.com/docs/guides/dashboard/dns-domains/satellite-domains
 # Authentication across different domains , use,to splite different origin
@@ -280,23 +300,106 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
 # AUTH_AUTH0_SECRET=
 # AUTH_AUTH0_ISSUER=https://your-domain.auth0.com
 
-########################################
-########## Server Database #############
-########################################
+# Better-Auth related configurations
+# NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH=1
+
+# Auth Secret (use `openssl rand -base64 32` to generate)
+# Shared between Better-Auth and Next-Auth
+# AUTH_SECRET=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+
+# Auth URL (accessible from browser, optional if same domain)
+# NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_URL=http://localhost:3210
+
+# Require email verification before allowing users to sign in (default: false)
+# Set to '1' to force users to verify their email before signing in
+# NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_EMAIL_VERIFICATION=0
+
+# SSO Providers Configuration (for Better-Auth)
+# Comma-separated list of enabled OAuth providers
+# Supported providers: auth0, authelia, authentik, casdoor, cloudflare-zero-trust, cognito, generic-oidc, github, google, keycloak, logto, microsoft, microsoft-entra-id, okta, zitadel
+# Example: AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS=google,github,auth0,microsoft-entra-id
+# AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS=
+
+# Google OAuth Configuration (for Better-Auth)
+# Get credentials from: https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials
+# Authorized redirect URIs:
+# - Development: http://localhost:3210/api/auth/callback/google
+# - Production: https://yourdomain.com/api/auth/callback/google
+# GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID=xxxxx.apps.googleusercontent.com
+# GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET=GOCSPX-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+
+# GitHub OAuth Configuration (for Better-Auth)
+# Get credentials from: https://github.com/settings/developers
+# Create a new OAuth App with:
+# Authorized callback URL:
+# - Development: http://localhost:3210/api/auth/callback/github
+# - Production: https://yourdomain.com/api/auth/callback/github
+# GITHUB_CLIENT_ID=Ov23xxxxxxxxxxxxx
+# GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+
+# AWS Cognito OAuth Configuration (for Better-Auth)
+# Get credentials from: https://console.aws.amazon.com/cognito
+# Setup steps:
+# 1. Create a User Pool with App Client
+# 2. Configure Hosted UI domain
+# 3. Enable "Authorization code grant" OAuth flow
+# 4. Set OAuth scopes: openid, profile, email
+# Authorized callback URL:
+# - Development: http://localhost:3210/api/auth/callback/cognito
+# - Production: https://yourdomain.com/api/auth/callback/cognito
+# COGNITO_CLIENT_ID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+# COGNITO_CLIENT_SECRET=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+# COGNITO_DOMAIN=your-app.auth.us-east-1.amazoncognito.com
+# COGNITO_REGION=us-east-1
+# COGNITO_USERPOOL_ID=us-east-1_xxxxxxxxx
+
+# Microsoft OAuth Configuration (for Better-Auth)
+# Get credentials from: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_AAD_RegisteredApps/ApplicationsListBlade
+# Create a new App Registration in Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD)
+# Authorized redirect URL:
+# - Development: http://localhost:3210/api/auth/callback/microsoft
+# - Production: https://yourdomain.com/api/auth/callback/microsoft
+# MICROSOFT_CLIENT_ID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
+# MICROSOFT_CLIENT_SECRET=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+
+# #######################################
+# ########## Email Service ##############
+# #######################################
+
+# SMTP Server Configuration (required for email verification with Better-Auth)
+
+# SMTP server hostname (e.g., smtp.gmail.com, smtp.office365.com)
+# SMTP_HOST=smtp.example.com
+
+# SMTP server port (usually 587 for TLS, or 465 for SSL)
+# SMTP_PORT=587
+
+# Use secure connection (set to 'true' for port 465, 'false' for port 587)
+# SMTP_SECURE=false
+
+# SMTP authentication username (usually your email address)
+# SMTP_USER=your-email@example.com
+
+# SMTP authentication password (use app-specific password for Gmail)
+# SMTP_PASS=your-password-or-app-specific-password
+
+# #######################################
+# ######### Server Database #############
+# #######################################
 
 # Postgres database URL
 # DATABASE_URL=postgres://username:password@host:port/database
 
 # use `openssl rand -base64 32` to generate a key for the encryption of the database
 # we use this key to encrypt the user api key and proxy url
-#KEY_VAULTS_SECRET=xxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx=
+# KEY_VAULTS_SECRET=xxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx=
 
 # Specify the Embedding model and Reranker model(unImplemented)
 # DEFAULT_FILES_CONFIG="embedding_model=openai/embedding-text-3-small,reranker_model=cohere/rerank-english-v3.0,query_mode=full_text"
 
-########################################
-########## MCP Service Config ##########
-########################################
+# #######################################
+# ######### MCP Service Config ##########
+# #######################################
 
 # MCP tool call timeout (milliseconds)
 # MCP_TOOL_TIMEOUT=60000

.env.example.development

@@ -31,20 +31,23 @@ DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}@localhost:5432/${LOBE_DB
 # Database driver type
 DATABASE_DRIVER=node
 
+# Redis Cache/Queue Configuration
+REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379
+REDIS_PREFIX=lobechat
+REDIS_TLS=0
+
 # Authentication Configuration
-# Enable NextAuth authentication
-NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH=1
+# Enable Better Auth authentication
+NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH=1
 
-# NextAuth secret for JWT signing (generate with: openssl rand -base64 32)
-NEXT_AUTH_SECRET=${UNSAFE_SECRET}
-
-NEXTAUTH_URL=${APP_URL}
+# Better Auth secret for JWT signing (generate with: openssl rand -base64 32)
+AUTH_SECRET=${UNSAFE_SECRET}
 
 # Authentication URL
-AUTH_URL=${APP_URL}/api/auth
+NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_URL=${APP_URL}
 
 # SSO providers configuration - using Casdoor for development
-NEXT_AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS=casdoor
+AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS=casdoor
 
 # Casdoor Configuration
 # Casdoor service port

.github/workflows/issue-auto-comments.yml

@@ -20,15 +20,6 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write # for actions-cool/issues-helper to update PRs
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Auto Comment on Issues Opened
-        uses: wow-actions/auto-comment@v1
-        with:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN}}
-          issuesOpened: |
-            👀 @{{ author }}
-
-            Thank you for raising an issue. We will investigate into the matter and get back to you as soon as possible.
-            Please make sure you have given us as much context as possible.
       - name: Auto Comment on Issues Closed
         uses: wow-actions/auto-comment@v1
         with:
@@ -37,16 +28,6 @@ jobs:
             ✅ @{{ author }}
 
             This issue is closed, If you have any questions, you can comment and reply.
-      - name: Auto Comment on Pull Request Opened
-        uses: wow-actions/auto-comment@v1
-        with:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN}}
-          pullRequestOpened: |
-            👍 @{{ author }}
-
-            Thank you for raising your pull request and contributing to our Community
-            Please make sure you have followed our contributing guidelines. We will review it as soon as possible.
-            If you encounter any problems, please feel free to connect with us.
       - name: Auto Comment on Pull Request Merged
         uses: actions-cool/pr-welcome@main
         if: github.event.pull_request.merged == true

.github/workflows/pr-build-desktop.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: Desktop PR Build
 
 on:
-  pull_request_target:
+  pull_request:
     types: [synchronize, labeled, unlabeled] # PR 更新或标签变化时触发
 
 # 确保同一 PR 同一时间只运行一个相同的 workflow，取消正在进行的旧的运行
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install bun
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       # 主要逻辑：确定构建版本号
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       # node-linker=hoisted 模式将可以确保 asar 压缩可用
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ jobs:
         run: npm run workflow:set-desktop-version ${{ needs.version.outputs.version }} nightly
 
       # macOS 构建处理
+      # 注意：fork 的 PR 无法访问 secrets，会构建未签名版本
       - name: Build artifact on macOS
         if: runner.os == 'macOS'
         run: npm run desktop:build
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ jobs:
           DATABASE_URL: "postgresql://postgres@localhost:5432/postgres"
           # 默认添加一个加密 SECRET
           KEY_VAULTS_SECRET: "oLXWIiR/AKF+rWaqy9lHkrYgzpATbW3CtJp3UfkVgpE="
-          # macOS 签名和公证配置
+          # macOS 签名和公证配置（fork 的 PR 访问不到 secrets，会跳过签名）
           CSC_LINK: ${{ secrets.APPLE_CERTIFICATE_BASE64 }}
           CSC_KEY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD }}
           NEXT_PUBLIC_DESKTOP_PROJECT_ID: ${{ secrets.UMAMI_NIGHTLY_DESKTOP_PROJECT_ID }}
@@ -148,7 +149,8 @@ jobs:
           APPLE_APP_SPECIFIC_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.APPLE_APP_SPECIFIC_PASSWORD }}
           APPLE_TEAM_ID: ${{ secrets.APPLE_TEAM_ID }}
 
-      #  Windows 平台构建处理
+      # Windows 平台构建处理
+      # 注意：fork 的 PR 无法访问 secrets，会构建未签名版本
       - name: Build artifact on Windows
         if: runner.os == 'Windows'
         run: npm run desktop:build
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install bun
@@ -275,6 +277,8 @@ jobs:
   publish-pr:
     needs: [merge-mac-files, version]
     name: Publish PR Build
+    # 只为非 fork 的 PR 发布（fork 的 PR 没有写权限）
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # Grant write permissions for creating release and commenting on PR
     permissions:

.github/workflows/pr-build-docker.yml

@@ -1,33 +1,28 @@
-name: Publish Docker Image
+name: Docker PR Build
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [synchronize, labeled, unlabeled] # PR 更新或标签变化时触发
+
+# 确保同一 PR 同一时间只运行一个相同的 workflow,取消正在进行的旧的运行
+concurrency:
+  group: pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}-${{ github.workflow }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+# Add default permissions
 permissions:
   contents: read
   pull-requests: write
 
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  release:
-    types: [published]
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [synchronize, labeled, unlabeled]
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.workflow }}
-  # PR 构建时取消旧的运行,但 release 构建不取消
-  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'release' }}
-
 env:
   REGISTRY_IMAGE: lobehub/lobehub
   PR_TAG_PREFIX: pr-
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    # 添加 PR label 触发条件
-    if: |
-      github.event_name == 'release' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-      (github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' &&
-       contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'trigger:build-docker'))
-
+    name: Build ${{ matrix.platform }} Docker Image
+    # 添加 PR label 触发条件,只有添加了 trigger:build-docker 标签的 PR 才会触发构建
+    if: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'trigger:build-docker')
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
@@ -36,14 +31,13 @@ jobs:
           - platform: linux/arm64
             os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: Build ${{ matrix.platform }} Image
     steps:
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
           platform=${{ matrix.platform }}
           echo "PLATFORM_PAIR=${platform//\//-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-      - name: Checkout base
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
         uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
@@ -51,15 +45,17 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
 
-      # 为 PR 生成特殊的 tag
+      # 为 PR 生成特殊的 tag,使用 PR 的实际 commit SHA
       - name: Generate PR metadata
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
         id: pr_meta
         env:
           BRANCH_NAME: ${{ github.head_ref }}
         run: |
           sanitized_branch=$(echo "${BRANCH_NAME}" | sed -E 's/[^a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+/-/g')
-          echo "pr_tag=${sanitized_branch}-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          commit_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+          echo "pr_tag=${sanitized_branch}-${commit_sha}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "commit_sha=${commit_sha}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "📦 Docker Tag: ${sanitized_branch}-${commit_sha}"
 
       - name: Docker meta
         id: meta
@@ -67,11 +63,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
           tags: |
-            # PR 构建使用特殊的 tag
-            type=raw,value=${{ env.PR_TAG_PREFIX }}${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.pr_tag }},enable=${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' }}
-            # release 构建使用版本号
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}},enable=${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request_target' }}
-            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request_target' }}
+            type=raw,value=${{ env.PR_TAG_PREFIX }}${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.pr_tag }}
 
       - name: Docker login
         uses: docker/login-action@v3
@@ -79,11 +71,6 @@ jobs:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_REGISTRY_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
 
-      - name: Get commit SHA
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
-        id: vars
-        run: echo "sha_short=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
       - name: Build and export
         id: build
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
@@ -93,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
           file: ./Dockerfile
           labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
           build-args: |
-            SHA=${{ steps.vars.outputs.sha_short }}
+            SHA=${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.commit_sha }}
           outputs: type=image,name=${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
 
       - name: Export digest
@@ -112,11 +99,13 @@ jobs:
           retention-days: 1
 
   merge:
-    name: Merge
+    name: Merge and Publish
     needs: build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # 只为非 fork 的 PR 发布(fork 的 PR 没有写权限)
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout base
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
         uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
@@ -133,13 +122,14 @@ jobs:
 
       # 为 merge job 添加 PR metadata 生成
       - name: Generate PR metadata
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
         id: pr_meta
         env:
           BRANCH_NAME: ${{ github.head_ref }}
         run: |
           sanitized_branch=$(echo "${BRANCH_NAME}" | sed -E 's/[^a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+/-/g')
-          echo "pr_tag=${sanitized_branch}-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          commit_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+          echo "pr_tag=${sanitized_branch}-${commit_sha}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "commit_sha=${commit_sha}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Docker meta
         id: meta
@@ -147,9 +137,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
           tags: |
-            type=raw,value=${{ env.PR_TAG_PREFIX }}${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.pr_tag }},enable=${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' }}
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}},enable=${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request_target' }}
-            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request_target' }}
+            type=raw,value=${{ env.PR_TAG_PREFIX }}${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.pr_tag }}
 
       - name: Docker login
         uses: docker/login-action@v3
@@ -168,7 +156,6 @@ jobs:
           docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}
 
       - name: Comment on PR with Docker build info
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
         uses: actions/github-script@v8
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/release-desktop-beta.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install bun
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       # 主要逻辑：确定构建版本号
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       # node-linker=hoisted 模式将可以确保 asar 压缩可用
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install bun

.github/workflows/release-docker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+name: Publish Docker Image
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.workflow }}
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+env:
+  REGISTRY_IMAGE: lobehub/lobehub
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - platform: linux/amd64
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+          - platform: linux/arm64
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    name: Build ${{ matrix.platform }} Image
+    steps:
+      - name: Prepare
+        run: |
+          platform=${{ matrix.platform }}
+          echo "PLATFORM_PAIR=${platform//\//-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Checkout base
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
+          tags: |
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+            type=raw,value=latest
+
+      - name: Docker login
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_REGISTRY_USER }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Get commit SHA
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
+        id: vars
+        run: echo "sha_short=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Build and export
+        id: build
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
+          context: .
+          file: ./Dockerfile
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+          build-args: |
+            SHA=${{ steps.vars.outputs.sha_short }}
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
+
+      - name: Export digest
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/digests
+          mkdir -p /tmp/digests
+          digest="${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}"
+          touch "/tmp/digests/${digest#sha256:}"
+
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          name: digest-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
+          path: /tmp/digests/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  merge:
+    name: Merge
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout base
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Download digests
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/digests
+          pattern: digest-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
+          tags: |
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+            type=raw,value=latest
+
+      - name: Docker login
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_REGISTRY_USER }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Create manifest list and push
+        working-directory: /tmp/digests
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools create $(jq -cr '.tags | map("-t " + .) | join(" ")' <<< "$DOCKER_METADATA_OUTPUT_JSON") \
+            $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)
+
+      - name: Inspect image
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install bun

.github/workflows/sync.yml

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ jobs:
         uses: aormsby/Fork-Sync-With-Upstream-action@v3.4
         with:
           upstream_sync_repo: lobehub/lobe-chat
-          upstream_sync_branch: main
-          target_sync_branch: main
+          upstream_sync_branch: next
+          target_sync_branch: next
           target_repo_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # automatically generated, no need to set
           test_mode: false
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install bun
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install bun
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install bun
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
@@ -145,6 +145,9 @@ jobs:
         env:
           NODE_OPTIONS: --max-old-space-size=6144
 
+      - name: Typecheck Desktop
+        run: pnpm typecheck
+        working-directory: apps/desktop
 
       - name: Test Desktop Client
         run: pnpm test
@@ -179,7 +182,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 24.11.1
           package-manager-cache: false
 
       - name: Install pnpm

.gitignore

@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ vertex-ai-key.json
 .local/
 .claude/
 .mcp.json
-
 CLAUDE.local.md
+.agent/
 
 # MCP tools
 .serena/**
@@ -115,6 +115,4 @@ CLAUDE.local.md
 *.doc*
 *.xls*
 
-prd
-GEMINI.md
 e2e/reports

AGENTS.md

@@ -2,17 +2,20 @@
 
 This document serves as a comprehensive guide for all team members when developing LobeChat.
 
+## Project Description
+
+You are developing an open-source, modern-design AI Agent Workspace: LobeHub(previous LobeChat).
+
 ## Tech Stack
 
 Built with modern technologies:
 
-- **Frontend**: Next.js 15, React 19, TypeScript
+- **Frontend**: Next.js 16, React 19, TypeScript
 - **UI Components**: Ant Design, @lobehub/ui, antd-style
 - **State Management**: Zustand, SWR
 - **Database**: PostgreSQL, PGLite, Drizzle ORM
 - **Testing**: Vitest, Testing Library
 - **Package Manager**: pnpm (monorepo structure)
-- **Build Tools**: Next.js (Turbopack in dev, Webpack in prod)
 
 ## Directory Structure
 
@@ -28,6 +31,7 @@ The project follows a well-organized monorepo structure:
 
 ### Git Workflow
 
+- The current release branch is `next` instead of `main` until v2.0.0 is officially released
 - Use rebase for git pull
 - Git commit messages should prefix with gitmoji
 - Git branch name format: `username/feat/feature-name`
@@ -38,7 +42,6 @@ The project follows a well-organized monorepo structure:
 - Use `pnpm` as the primary package manager
 - Use `bun` to run npm scripts
 - Use `bunx` to run executable npm packages
-- Navigate to specific packages using `cd packages/<package-name>`
 
 ### Code Style Guidelines
 

CLAUDE.md

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ read @.cursor/rules/project-structure.mdc
 
 ### Git Workflow
 
+- The current release branch is `next` instead of `main` until v2.0.0 is officially released
 - use rebase for git pull
 - git commit message should prefix with gitmoji
 - git branch name format example: tj/feat/feature-name
@@ -54,6 +55,48 @@ see @.cursor/rules/typescript.mdc
 - **Dev**: Translate `locales/zh-CN/namespace.json` and `locales/en-US/namespace.json` locales file only for dev preview
 - DON'T run `pnpm i18n`, let CI auto handle it
 
+## Linear Issue Management
+
+When working with Linear issues:
+
+1. **Retrieve issue details** before starting work using `mcp__linear-server__get_issue`
+2. **Check for sub-issues**: If the issue has sub-issues, retrieve and review ALL sub-issues using `mcp__linear-server__list_issues` with `parentId` filter before starting work
+3. **Update issue status** when completing tasks using `mcp__linear-server__update_issue`
+4. **MUST add completion comment** using `mcp__linear-server__create_comment`
+
+### Completion Comment (REQUIRED)
+
+**Every time you complete an issue, you MUST add a comment summarizing the work done.** This is critical for:
+
+- Team visibility and knowledge sharing
+- Code review context
+- Future reference and debugging
+
+### IMPORTANT: Per-Issue Completion Rule
+
+**When working on multiple issues (e.g., parent issue with sub-issues), you MUST update status and add comment for EACH issue IMMEDIATELY after completing it.** Do NOT wait until all issues are done to update them in batch.
+
+**Workflow for EACH individual issue:**
+
+1. Complete the implementation for this specific issue
+2. Run type check: `bun run type-check`
+3. Run related tests if applicable
+4. Create PR if needed
+5. **IMMEDIATELY** update issue status to **"In Review"** (NOT "Done"): `mcp__linear-server__update_issue`
+6. **IMMEDIATELY** add completion comment: `mcp__linear-server__create_comment`
+7. Only then move on to the next issue
+
+**Note:** Issue status should be set to **"In Review"** when PR is created. The status will be updated to **"Done"** only after the PR is merged (usually handled by Linear-GitHub integration or manually).
+
+**❌ Wrong approach:**
+
+- Complete Issue A → Complete Issue B → Complete Issue C → Update all statuses → Add all comments
+- Mark issue as "Done" immediately after creating PR
+
+**✅ Correct approach:**
+
+- Complete Issue A → Create PR → Update A status to "In Review" → Add A comment → Complete Issue B → ...
+
 ## Rules Index
 
 Some useful project rules are listed in @.cursor/rules/rules-index.mdc

Dockerfile

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ FROM base AS builder
 
 ARG USE_CN_MIRROR
 ARG NEXT_PUBLIC_BASE_PATH
+ARG NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH
 ARG NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH
 ARG NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_CLERK_AUTH
 ARG NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ ARG FEATURE_FLAGS
 ENV NEXT_PUBLIC_BASE_PATH="${NEXT_PUBLIC_BASE_PATH}" \
     FEATURE_FLAGS="${FEATURE_FLAGS}"
 
-ENV NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH="${NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH:-1}" \
+ENV NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH="${NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH:-0}" \
+    NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH="${NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH:-1}" \
     NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_CLERK_AUTH="${NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_CLERK_AUTH:-0}" \
     NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY="${NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY}" \
     CLERK_WEBHOOK_SECRET="whsec_xxx" \
@@ -177,10 +179,10 @@ ENV KEY_VAULTS_SECRET="" \
     DATABASE_DRIVER="node" \
     DATABASE_URL=""
 
-# Next Auth
-ENV NEXT_AUTH_SECRET="" \
-    NEXT_AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS="" \
-    NEXTAUTH_URL=""
+# Better Auth
+ENV AUTH_SECRET="" \
+    AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS="" \
+    NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_URL=""
 
 # Clerk
 ENV CLERK_SECRET_KEY="" \
@@ -229,6 +231,8 @@ ENV \
     GITHUB_TOKEN="" GITHUB_MODEL_LIST="" \
     # Google
     GOOGLE_API_KEY="" GOOGLE_MODEL_LIST="" GOOGLE_PROXY_URL="" \
+    # Vertex AI
+    VERTEXAI_CREDENTIALS="" VERTEXAI_PROJECT="" VERTEXAI_LOCATION="" VERTEXAI_MODEL_LIST="" \
     # Groq
     GROQ_API_KEY="" GROQ_MODEL_LIST="" GROQ_PROXY_URL="" \
     # Higress

GEMINI.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# GEMINI.md
+
+This document serves as a shared guideline for all team members when using Gemini CLI in this repository.
+
+## Tech Stack
+
+read @.cursor/rules/project-introduce.mdc
+
+## Directory Structure
+
+read @.cursor/rules/project-structure.mdc
+
+## Development
+
+### Git Workflow
+
+- use rebase for git pull
+- git commit message should prefix with gitmoji
+- git branch name format example: tj/feat/feature-name
+- use .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md to generate pull request description
+
+### Package Management
+
+This repository adopts a monorepo structure.
+
+- Use `pnpm` as the primary package manager for dependency management
+- Use `bun` to run npm scripts
+- Use `bunx` to run executable npm packages
+
+### TypeScript Code Style Guide
+
+see @.cursor/rules/typescript.mdc
+
+### Testing
+
+- **Required Rule**: read `@.cursor/rules/testing-guide/testing-guide.mdc` before writing tests
+- **Command**:
+  - web: `bunx vitest run --silent='passed-only' '[file-path-pattern]'`
+  - packages(eg: database): `cd packages/database && bunx vitest run --silent='passed-only' '[file-path-pattern]'`
+
+**Important**:
+
+- wrap the file path in single quotes to avoid shell expansion
+- Never run `bun run test` etc to run tests, this will run all tests and cost about 10mins
+- If trying to fix the same test twice, but still failed, stop and ask for help.
+
+### Typecheck
+
+- use `bun run type-check` to check type errors.
+
+### i18n
+
+- **Keys**: Add to `src/locales/default/namespace.ts`
+- **Dev**: Translate `locales/zh-CN/namespace.json` and `locales/en-US/namespace.json` locales file only for dev preview
+- DON'T run `pnpm i18n`, let CI auto handle it
+
+## 🚨 Quality Checks
+
+**MANDATORY**: After completing code changes, always run `mcp__vscode-mcp__get_diagnostics` on the modified files to identify any errors introduced by your changes and fix them.
+
+## Rules Index
+
+Some useful project rules are listed in @.cursor/rules/rules-index.mdc

README.md

@@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ In addition, these plugins are not limited to news aggregation, but can also ext
 
 | Recent Submits                                                                                                             | Description                                                                                                                               |
 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [PortfolioMeta](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/StockData)<br/><sup>By **portfoliometa** on **2025-11-28**</sup>      | Analyze stocks and get comprehensive real-time investment data and analytics.<br/>`stock`                                                 |
 | [SEO](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/SEO)<br/><sup>By **orrenprunckun** on **2025-11-14**</sup>                      | Enter any URL and keyword and get an On-Page SEO analysis & insights!<br/>`seo`                                                           |
 | [Shopping tools](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/ShoppingTools)<br/><sup>By **shoppingtools** on **2025-10-27**</sup> | Search for products on eBay & AliExpress, find eBay events & coupons. Get prompt examples.<br/>`shopping` `e-bay` `ali-express` `coupons` |
-| [PortfolioMeta](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/StockData)<br/><sup>By **portfoliometa** on **2025-09-27**</sup>      | Analyze stocks and get comprehensive real-time investment data and analytics.<br/>`stock`                                                 |
 | [Web](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/web)<br/><sup>By **Proghit** on **2025-01-24**</sup>                            | Smart web search that reads and analyzes pages to deliver comprehensive answers from Google results.<br/>`web` `search`                   |
 
-> 📊 Total plugins: [<kbd>**42**</kbd>](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugins)
+> 📊 Total plugins: [<kbd>**41**</kbd>](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugins)
 
  <!-- PLUGIN LIST -->
 

README.zh-CN.md

@@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ LobeChat 的插件生态系统是其核心功能的重要扩展，它极大地
 
 | 最近新增                                                                                                              | 描述                                                                                                               |
 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| [PortfolioMeta](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/StockData)<br/><sup>By **portfoliometa** on **2025-11-28**</sup> | 分析股票并获取全面的实时投资数据和分析。<br/>`股票`                                                                |
 | [SEO](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/SEO)<br/><sup>By **orrenprunckun** on **2025-11-14**</sup>                 | 输入任何 URL 和关键词，获取页面 SEO 分析和见解！<br/>`seo`                                                         |
 | [购物工具](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/ShoppingTools)<br/><sup>By **shoppingtools** on **2025-10-27**</sup>  | 在 eBay 和 AliExpress 上搜索产品，查找 eBay 活动和优惠券。获取快速示例。<br/>`购物` `e-bay` `ali-express` `优惠券` |
-| [PortfolioMeta](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/StockData)<br/><sup>By **portfoliometa** on **2025-09-27**</sup> | 分析股票并获取全面的实时投资数据和分析。<br/>`股票`                                                                |
 | [网页](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/web)<br/><sup>By **Proghit** on **2025-01-24**</sup>                      | 智能网页搜索，读取和分析页面，以提供来自 Google 结果的全面答案。<br/>`网页` `搜索`                                 |
 
-> 📊 Total plugins: [<kbd>**42**</kbd>](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugins)
+> 📊 Total plugins: [<kbd>**41**</kbd>](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugins)
 
  <!-- PLUGIN LIST -->
 

apps/desktop/package.json

@@ -45,24 +45,29 @@
     "@lobechat/electron-server-ipc": "workspace:*",
     "@lobechat/file-loaders": "workspace:*",
     "@lobehub/i18n-cli": "^1.25.1",
-    "@types/lodash": "^4.17.20",
+    "@types/async-retry": "^1.4.9",
+    "@types/lodash": "^4.17.21",
     "@types/resolve": "^1.20.6",
     "@types/semver": "^7.7.1",
     "@types/set-cookie-parser": "^2.4.10",
     "@typescript/native-preview": "7.0.0-dev.20250711.1",
+    "async-retry": "^1.3.3",
     "consola": "^3.4.2",
-    "cookie": "^1.0.2",
-    "electron": "^38.7.0",
+    "cookie": "^1.1.1",
+    "diff": "^8.0.2",
+    "electron": "^38.7.2",
     "electron-builder": "^26.0.12",
     "electron-is": "^3.0.0",
     "electron-log": "^5.4.3",
     "electron-store": "^8.2.0",
-    "electron-vite": "^3.1.0",
-    "execa": "^9.6.0",
+    "electron-vite": "^4.0.1",
+    "execa": "^9.6.1",
     "fast-glob": "^3.3.3",
     "fix-path": "^5.0.0",
+    "happy-dom": "^20.0.11",
     "http-proxy-agent": "^7.0.2",
     "https-proxy-agent": "^7.0.6",
+    "i18next": "^25.6.3",
     "just-diff": "^6.0.2",
     "lodash": "^4.17.21",
     "lodash-es": "^4.17.21",
@@ -72,7 +77,8 @@
     "tsx": "^4.20.6",
     "typescript": "^5.9.3",
     "undici": "^7.16.0",
-    "vite": "^6.4.1",
+    "uuid": "^13.0.0",
+    "vite": "^7.2.4",
     "vitest": "^3.2.4"
   },
   "pnpm": {

apps/desktop/src/common/routes.ts

@@ -33,12 +33,6 @@ export interface RouteInterceptConfig {
  * 定义了所有需要特殊处理的路由
  */
 export const interceptRoutes: RouteInterceptConfig[] = [
-  {
-    description: '设置页面',
-    enabled: true,
-    pathPrefix: '/settings',
-    targetWindow: 'settings',
-  },
   {
     description: '开发者工具',
     enabled: true,

apps/desktop/src/main/appBrowsers.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import type { BrowserWindowOpts } from './core/browser/Browser';
 export const BrowsersIdentifiers = {
   chat: 'chat',
   devtools: 'devtools',
-  settings: 'settings',
 };
 
 export const appBrowsers = {
@@ -32,18 +31,6 @@ export const appBrowsers = {
     vibrancy: 'under-window',
     width: 1000,
   },
-  settings: {
-    autoHideMenuBar: true,
-    height: 800,
-    identifier: 'settings',
-    keepAlive: true,
-    minWidth: 600,
-    parentIdentifier: 'chat',
-    path: '/settings',
-    titleBarStyle: 'hidden',
-    vibrancy: 'under-window',
-    width: 1000,
-  },
 } satisfies Record<string, BrowserWindowOpts>;
 
 // Window templates for multi-instance windows

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/AuthCtr.ts

@@ -246,12 +246,23 @@ export default class AuthCtr extends ControllerModule {
             logger.info('Auto-refresh successful');
             this.broadcastTokenRefreshed();
           } else {
-            logger.error(`Auto-refresh failed: ${result.error}`);
-            // If auto-refresh fails, stop timer and clear token
-            this.stopAutoRefresh();
-            await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.clearTokens();
-            await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.setRemoteServerConfig({ active: false });
-            this.broadcastAuthorizationRequired();
+            logger.error(`Auto-refresh failed after retries: ${result.error}`);
+
+            // Only clear tokens for non-retryable errors (e.g., invalid_grant)
+            // The retry mechanism in RemoteServerConfigCtr already handles transient errors
+            if (this.remoteServerConfigCtr.isNonRetryableError(result.error)) {
+              logger.warn(
+                'Non-retryable error detected, clearing tokens and requiring re-authorization',
+              );
+              this.stopAutoRefresh();
+              await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.clearTokens();
+              await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.setRemoteServerConfig({ active: false });
+              this.broadcastAuthorizationRequired();
+            } else {
+              // For other errors (after retries exhausted), log but don't clear tokens immediately
+              // The next refresh cycle will retry
+              logger.warn('Refresh failed but error may be transient, will retry on next cycle');
+            }
           }
         }
       } catch (error) {
@@ -335,11 +346,12 @@ export default class AuthCtr extends ControllerModule {
 
   /**
    * Refresh access token
+   * This method includes retry mechanism via RemoteServerConfigCtr.refreshAccessToken()
    */
   async refreshAccessToken() {
     logger.info('Starting to refresh access token');
     try {
-      // Call the centralized refresh logic in RemoteServerConfigCtr
+      // Call the centralized refresh logic in RemoteServerConfigCtr (includes retry)
       const result = await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.refreshAccessToken();
 
       if (result.success) {
@@ -350,25 +362,38 @@ export default class AuthCtr extends ControllerModule {
         this.startAutoRefresh();
         return { success: true };
       } else {
-        // Throw an error to be caught by the catch block below
-        // This maintains the existing behavior of clearing tokens on failure
         logger.error(`Token refresh failed via AuthCtr call: ${result.error}`);
-        throw new Error(result.error || 'Token refresh failed');
+
+        // Only clear tokens for non-retryable errors (e.g., invalid_grant)
+        if (this.remoteServerConfigCtr.isNonRetryableError(result.error)) {
+          logger.warn(
+            'Non-retryable error detected, clearing tokens and requiring re-authorization',
+          );
+          this.stopAutoRefresh();
+          await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.clearTokens();
+          await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.setRemoteServerConfig({ active: false });
+          this.broadcastAuthorizationRequired();
+        } else {
+          // For transient errors, don't clear tokens - allow manual retry
+          logger.warn('Refresh failed but error may be transient, tokens preserved for retry');
+        }
+
+        return { error: result.error, success: false };
       }
     } catch (error) {
-      // Keep the existing logic to clear tokens and require re-auth on failure
-      logger.error('Token refresh operation failed via AuthCtr, initiating cleanup:', error);
+      const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+      logger.error('Token refresh operation failed via AuthCtr:', errorMessage);
 
-      // Refresh failed, clear tokens and disable remote server
-      logger.warn('Refresh failed, clearing tokens and disabling remote server');
-      this.stopAutoRefresh();
-      await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.clearTokens();
-      await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.setRemoteServerConfig({ active: false });
+      // Only clear tokens for non-retryable errors
+      if (this.remoteServerConfigCtr.isNonRetryableError(errorMessage)) {
+        logger.warn('Non-retryable error in catch block, clearing tokens');
+        this.stopAutoRefresh();
+        await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.clearTokens();
+        await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.setRemoteServerConfig({ active: false });
+        this.broadcastAuthorizationRequired();
+      }
 
-      // Notify render process that re-authorization is required
-      this.broadcastAuthorizationRequired();
-
-      return { error: error.message, success: false };
+      return { error: errorMessage, success: false };
     }
   }
 
@@ -601,7 +626,7 @@ export default class AuthCtr extends ControllerModule {
       if (currentTime >= expiresAt) {
         logger.info('Token has expired, attempting to refresh it');
 
-        // Attempt to refresh token
+        // Attempt to refresh token (includes retry mechanism)
         const refreshResult = await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.refreshAccessToken();
         if (refreshResult.success) {
           logger.info('Token refresh successful during initialization');
@@ -611,10 +636,18 @@ export default class AuthCtr extends ControllerModule {
           return;
         } else {
           logger.error(`Token refresh failed during initialization: ${refreshResult.error}`);
-          // Clear token and require re-authorization only on refresh failure
-          await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.clearTokens();
-          await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.setRemoteServerConfig({ active: false });
-          this.broadcastAuthorizationRequired();
+
+          // Only clear token for non-retryable errors
+          if (this.remoteServerConfigCtr.isNonRetryableError(refreshResult.error)) {
+            logger.warn('Non-retryable error during initialization, clearing tokens');
+            await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.clearTokens();
+            await this.remoteServerConfigCtr.setRemoteServerConfig({ active: false });
+            this.broadcastAuthorizationRequired();
+          } else {
+            // For transient errors, still start auto-refresh timer to retry later
+            logger.warn('Transient error during initialization, will retry via auto-refresh');
+            this.startAutoRefresh();
+          }
           return;
         }
       }

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/BrowserWindowsCtr.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import { InterceptRouteParams, OpenSettingsWindowOptions } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
-import { extractSubPath, findMatchingRoute } from '~common/routes';
+import { findMatchingRoute } from '~common/routes';
 
 import {
   AppBrowsersIdentifiers,
-  BrowsersIdentifiers,
   WindowTemplateIdentifiers,
 } from '@/appBrowsers';
 import { IpcClientEventSender } from '@/types/ipcClientEvent';
@@ -24,14 +23,32 @@ export default class BrowserWindowsCtr extends ControllerModule {
         ? { tab: typeof options === 'string' ? options : undefined }
         : options;
 
-    console.log('[BrowserWindowsCtr] Received request to open settings window', normalizedOptions);
+    console.log('[BrowserWindowsCtr] Received request to open settings', normalizedOptions);
 
     try {
-      await this.app.browserManager.showSettingsWindowWithTab(normalizedOptions);
+      const query = new URLSearchParams();
+      if (normalizedOptions.searchParams) {
+        Object.entries(normalizedOptions.searchParams).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value !== undefined) query.set(key, value);
+        });
+      }
+
+      const tab = normalizedOptions.tab;
+      if (tab && tab !== 'common' && !query.has('active')) {
+        query.set('active', tab);
+      }
+
+      const queryString = query.toString();
+      const subPath = tab && !queryString ? `/${tab}` : '';
+      const fullPath = `/settings${subPath}${queryString ? `?${queryString}` : ''}`;
+
+      const mainWindow = this.app.browserManager.getMainWindow();
+      await mainWindow.loadUrl(fullPath);
+      mainWindow.show();
 
       return { success: true };
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error('[BrowserWindowsCtr] Failed to open settings window:', error);
+      console.error('[BrowserWindowsCtr] Failed to open settings:', error);
       return { error: error.message, success: false };
     }
   }
@@ -76,50 +93,14 @@ export default class BrowserWindowsCtr extends ControllerModule {
     );
 
     try {
-      if (matchedRoute.targetWindow === BrowsersIdentifiers.settings) {
-        const extractedSubPath = extractSubPath(path, matchedRoute.pathPrefix);
-        const sanitizedSubPath =
-          extractedSubPath && !extractedSubPath.startsWith('?') ? extractedSubPath : undefined;
-        let searchParams: Record<string, string> | undefined;
-        try {
-          const url = new URL(params.url);
-          const entries = Array.from(url.searchParams.entries());
-          if (entries.length > 0) {
-            searchParams = entries.reduce<Record<string, string>>((acc, [key, value]) => {
-              acc[key] = value;
-              return acc;
-            }, {});
-          }
-        } catch (error) {
-          console.warn(
-            '[BrowserWindowsCtr] Failed to parse URL for settings route interception:',
-            params.url,
-            error,
-          );
-        }
+      await this.openTargetWindow(matchedRoute.targetWindow as AppBrowsersIdentifiers);
 
-        await this.app.browserManager.showSettingsWindowWithTab({
-          searchParams,
-          tab: sanitizedSubPath,
-        });
-
-        return {
-          intercepted: true,
-          path,
-          source,
-          subPath: sanitizedSubPath,
-          targetWindow: matchedRoute.targetWindow,
-        };
-      } else {
-        await this.openTargetWindow(matchedRoute.targetWindow as AppBrowsersIdentifiers);
-
-        return {
-          intercepted: true,
-          path,
-          source,
-          targetWindow: matchedRoute.targetWindow,
-        };
-      }
+      return {
+        intercepted: true,
+        path,
+        source,
+        targetWindow: matchedRoute.targetWindow,
+      };
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('[BrowserWindowsCtr] Error while processing route interception:', error);
       return {

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/LocalFileCtr.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   WriteLocalFileParams,
 } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
 import { SYSTEM_FILES_TO_IGNORE, loadFile } from '@lobechat/file-loaders';
+import { createPatch } from 'diff';
 import { shell } from 'electron';
 import fg from 'fast-glob';
 import { Stats, constants } from 'node:fs';
@@ -94,26 +95,45 @@ export default class LocalFileCtr extends ControllerModule {
   }
 
   @ipcClientEvent('readLocalFile')
-  async readFile({ path: filePath, loc }: LocalReadFileParams): Promise<LocalReadFileResult> {
-    const effectiveLoc = loc ?? [0, 200];
-    logger.debug('Starting to read file:', { filePath, loc: effectiveLoc });
+  async readFile({
+    path: filePath,
+    loc,
+    fullContent,
+  }: LocalReadFileParams): Promise<LocalReadFileResult> {
+    const effectiveLoc = fullContent ? undefined : (loc ?? [0, 200]);
+    logger.debug('Starting to read file:', { filePath, fullContent, loc: effectiveLoc });
 
     try {
       const fileDocument = await loadFile(filePath);
 
-      const [startLine, endLine] = effectiveLoc;
       const lines = fileDocument.content.split('\n');
       const totalLineCount = lines.length;
       const totalCharCount = fileDocument.content.length;
 
-      // Adjust slice indices to be 0-based and inclusive/exclusive
-      const selectedLines = lines.slice(startLine, endLine);
-      const content = selectedLines.join('\n');
-      const charCount = content.length;
-      const lineCount = selectedLines.length;
+      let content: string;
+      let charCount: number;
+      let lineCount: number;
+      let actualLoc: [number, number];
+
+      if (effectiveLoc === undefined) {
+        // Return full content
+        content = fileDocument.content;
+        charCount = totalCharCount;
+        lineCount = totalLineCount;
+        actualLoc = [0, totalLineCount];
+      } else {
+        // Return specified range
+        const [startLine, endLine] = effectiveLoc;
+        const selectedLines = lines.slice(startLine, endLine);
+        content = selectedLines.join('\n');
+        charCount = content.length;
+        lineCount = selectedLines.length;
+        actualLoc = effectiveLoc;
+      }
 
       logger.debug('File read successfully:', {
         filePath,
+        fullContent,
         selectedLineCount: lineCount,
         totalCharCount,
         totalLineCount,
@@ -128,7 +148,7 @@ export default class LocalFileCtr extends ControllerModule {
         fileType: fileDocument.fileType,
         filename: fileDocument.filename,
         lineCount,
-        loc: effectiveLoc,
+        loc: actualLoc,
         // Line count for the selected range
         modifiedTime: fileDocument.modifiedTime,
 
@@ -711,8 +731,32 @@ export default class LocalFileCtr extends ControllerModule {
       // Write back to file
       await writeFile(filePath, newContent, 'utf8');
 
-      logger.info(`${logPrefix} File edited successfully`, { replacements });
+      // Generate diff for UI display
+      const patch = createPatch(filePath, content, newContent, '', '');
+      const diffText = `diff --git a${filePath} b${filePath}\n${patch}`;
+
+      // Calculate lines added and deleted from patch
+      const patchLines = patch.split('\n');
+      let linesAdded = 0;
+      let linesDeleted = 0;
+
+      for (const line of patchLines) {
+        if (line.startsWith('+') && !line.startsWith('+++')) {
+          linesAdded++;
+        } else if (line.startsWith('-') && !line.startsWith('---')) {
+          linesDeleted++;
+        }
+      }
+
+      logger.info(`${logPrefix} File edited successfully`, {
+        linesAdded,
+        linesDeleted,
+        replacements,
+      });
       return {
+        diffText,
+        linesAdded,
+        linesDeleted,
         replacements,
         success: true,
       };

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/RemoteServerConfigCtr.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { DataSyncConfig } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import retry from 'async-retry';
 import { safeStorage } from 'electron';
 import querystring from 'node:querystring';
 import { URL } from 'node:url';
@@ -8,6 +9,28 @@ import { createLogger } from '@/utils/logger';
 
 import { ControllerModule, ipcClientEvent } from './index';
 
+/**
+ * Non-retryable OIDC error codes
+ * These errors indicate the refresh token is invalid and retry won't help
+ */
+const NON_RETRYABLE_OIDC_ERRORS = [
+  'invalid_grant', // refresh token is invalid, expired, or revoked
+  'invalid_client', // client configuration error
+  'unauthorized_client', // client not authorized
+  'access_denied', // user denied access
+  'invalid_scope', // requested scope is invalid
+];
+
+/**
+ * Deterministic failures that will never succeed on retry
+ * These are permanent state issues that require user intervention
+ */
+const DETERMINISTIC_FAILURES = [
+  'no refresh token available', // refresh token is missing from storage
+  'remote server is not active or configured', // config is invalid or disabled
+  'missing tokens in refresh response', // server returned incomplete response
+];
+
 // Create logger
 const logger = createLogger('controllers:RemoteServerConfigCtr');
 
@@ -246,9 +269,34 @@ export default class RemoteServerConfigCtr extends ControllerModule {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Refresh access token
+   * Check if an error is non-retryable
+   * Includes OIDC errors (e.g., invalid_grant) and deterministic failures
+   * (e.g., missing refresh token, invalid config)
+   * @param error Error message to check
+   * @returns true if the error should not be retried
+   */
+  isNonRetryableError(error?: string): boolean {
+    if (!error) return false;
+    const lowerError = error.toLowerCase();
+
+    // Check OIDC error codes
+    if (NON_RETRYABLE_OIDC_ERRORS.some((code) => lowerError.includes(code))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Check deterministic failures that require user intervention
+    if (DETERMINISTIC_FAILURES.some((msg) => lowerError.includes(msg))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Refresh access token with retry mechanism
    * Use stored refresh token to obtain a new access token
    * Handles concurrent requests by returning the existing refresh promise if one is in progress.
+   * Retries up to 3 times with exponential backoff for transient errors.
    */
   async refreshAccessToken(): Promise<{ error?: string; success: boolean }> {
     // If a refresh is already in progress, return the existing promise
@@ -257,14 +305,62 @@ export default class RemoteServerConfigCtr extends ControllerModule {
       return this.refreshPromise;
     }
 
-    // Start a new refresh operation
-    logger.info('Initiating new token refresh operation.');
-    this.refreshPromise = this.performTokenRefresh();
+    // Start a new refresh operation with retry
+    logger.info('Initiating new token refresh operation with retry.');
+    this.refreshPromise = this.performTokenRefreshWithRetry();
 
     // Return the promise so callers can wait
     return this.refreshPromise;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Performs token refresh with retry mechanism
+   * Uses exponential backoff: 1s, 2s, 4s
+   */
+  private async performTokenRefreshWithRetry(): Promise<{ error?: string; success: boolean }> {
+    try {
+      return await retry(
+        async (bail, attemptNumber) => {
+          logger.debug(`Token refresh attempt ${attemptNumber}/3`);
+
+          const result = await this.performTokenRefresh();
+
+          if (result.success) {
+            return result;
+          }
+
+          // Check if error is non-retryable
+          if (this.isNonRetryableError(result.error)) {
+            logger.warn(`Non-retryable error encountered: ${result.error}`);
+            // Use bail to stop retrying immediately
+            bail(new Error(result.error));
+            return result; // This won't be reached, but TypeScript needs it
+          }
+
+          // Throw error to trigger retry for transient errors
+          throw new Error(result.error);
+        },
+        {
+          factor: 2, // Exponential backoff factor
+          maxTimeout: 4000, // Max wait time between retries: 4s
+          minTimeout: 1000, // Min wait time between retries: 1s
+          onRetry: (err: Error, attempt: number) => {
+            logger.info(`Token refresh retry ${attempt}/3: ${err.message}`);
+          },
+          retries: 3, // Total retry attempts
+        },
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+      logger.error('Token refresh failed after all retries:', errorMessage);
+      return { error: errorMessage, success: false };
+    } finally {
+      // Ensure the promise reference is cleared once the operation completes
+      logger.debug('Clearing the refresh promise reference.');
+      this.refreshPromise = null;
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Performs the actual token refresh logic.
    * This method is called by refreshAccessToken and wrapped in a promise.
@@ -337,10 +433,6 @@ export default class RemoteServerConfigCtr extends ControllerModule {
       const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
       logger.error('Exception during token refresh operation:', errorMessage, error);
       return { error: `Exception occurred during token refresh: ${errorMessage}`, success: false };
-    } finally {
-      // Ensure the promise reference is cleared once the operation completes
-      logger.debug('Clearing the refresh promise reference.');
-      this.refreshPromise = null;
     }
   }
 

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/__tests__/BrowserWindowsCtr.test.ts

@@ -9,36 +9,40 @@ import BrowserWindowsCtr from '../BrowserWindowsCtr';
 
 // 模拟 App 及其依赖项
 const mockToggleVisible = vi.fn();
-const mockShowSettingsWindowWithTab = vi.fn();
+const mockLoadUrl = vi.fn();
+const mockShow = vi.fn();
+const mockRedirectToPage = vi.fn();
 const mockCloseWindow = vi.fn();
 const mockMinimizeWindow = vi.fn();
 const mockMaximizeWindow = vi.fn();
 const mockRetrieveByIdentifier = vi.fn();
 const mockGetMainWindow = vi.fn(() => ({
   toggleVisible: mockToggleVisible,
+  loadUrl: mockLoadUrl,
+  show: mockShow,
 }));
-const mockShow = vi.fn();
+const mockShowOther = vi.fn();
 
 // mock findMatchingRoute and extractSubPath
 vi.mock('~common/routes', async () => ({
   findMatchingRoute: vi.fn(),
   extractSubPath: vi.fn(),
 }));
-const { findMatchingRoute, extractSubPath } = await import('~common/routes');
+const { findMatchingRoute } = await import('~common/routes');
 
 const mockApp = {
   browserManager: {
     getMainWindow: mockGetMainWindow,
-    showSettingsWindowWithTab: mockShowSettingsWindowWithTab,
+    redirectToPage: mockRedirectToPage,
     closeWindow: mockCloseWindow,
     minimizeWindow: mockMinimizeWindow,
     maximizeWindow: mockMaximizeWindow,
     retrieveByIdentifier: mockRetrieveByIdentifier.mockImplementation(
       (identifier: AppBrowsersIdentifiers | string) => {
-        if (identifier === BrowsersIdentifiers.settings || identifier === 'some-other-window') {
-          return { show: mockShow };
+        if (identifier === 'some-other-window') {
+          return { show: mockShowOther };
         }
-        return { show: mockShow }; // Default mock for other identifiers
+        return { show: mockShowOther }; // Default mock for other identifiers
       },
     ),
   },
@@ -61,16 +65,18 @@ describe('BrowserWindowsCtr', () => {
   });
 
   describe('openSettingsWindow', () => {
-    it('should show the settings window with the specified tab', async () => {
+    it('should navigate to settings in main window with the specified tab', async () => {
       const tab = 'appearance';
       const result = await browserWindowsCtr.openSettingsWindow(tab);
-      expect(mockShowSettingsWindowWithTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ tab });
+      expect(mockGetMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockLoadUrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/settings?active=appearance');
+      expect(mockShow).toHaveBeenCalled();
       expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
     });
 
-    it('should return error if showing settings window fails', async () => {
-      const errorMessage = 'Failed to show';
-      mockShowSettingsWindowWithTab.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error(errorMessage));
+    it('should return error if navigation fails', async () => {
+      const errorMessage = 'Failed to navigate';
+      mockLoadUrl.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error(errorMessage));
       const result = await browserWindowsCtr.openSettingsWindow('display');
       expect(result).toEqual({ error: errorMessage, success: false });
     });
@@ -117,36 +123,7 @@ describe('BrowserWindowsCtr', () => {
       expect(result).toEqual({ intercepted: false, path: params.path, source: params.source });
     });
 
-    it('should show settings window if matched route target is settings', async () => {
-      const params: InterceptRouteParams = {
-        ...baseParams,
-        path: '/settings/provider',
-        url: 'app://host/settings/provider?active=provider&provider=ollama',
-      };
-      const matchedRoute = { targetWindow: BrowsersIdentifiers.settings, pathPrefix: '/settings' };
-      const subPath = 'provider';
-      (findMatchingRoute as Mock).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
-      (extractSubPath as Mock).mockReturnValue(subPath);
-
-      const result = await browserWindowsCtr.interceptRoute(params);
-
-      expect(findMatchingRoute).toHaveBeenCalledWith(params.path);
-      expect(extractSubPath).toHaveBeenCalledWith(params.path, matchedRoute.pathPrefix);
-      expect(mockShowSettingsWindowWithTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-        searchParams: { active: 'provider', provider: 'ollama' },
-        tab: subPath,
-      });
-      expect(result).toEqual({
-        intercepted: true,
-        path: params.path,
-        source: params.source,
-        subPath,
-        targetWindow: matchedRoute.targetWindow,
-      });
-      expect(mockShow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-
-    it('should open target window if matched route target is not settings', async () => {
+    it('should open target window if matched route is found', async () => {
       const params: InterceptRouteParams = {
         ...baseParams,
         path: '/other/page',
@@ -160,44 +137,16 @@ describe('BrowserWindowsCtr', () => {
 
       expect(findMatchingRoute).toHaveBeenCalledWith(params.path);
       expect(mockRetrieveByIdentifier).toHaveBeenCalledWith(targetWindowIdentifier);
-      expect(mockShow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockShowOther).toHaveBeenCalled();
       expect(result).toEqual({
         intercepted: true,
         path: params.path,
         source: params.source,
         targetWindow: matchedRoute.targetWindow,
       });
-      expect(mockShowSettingsWindowWithTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should return error if processing route interception fails for settings', async () => {
-      const params: InterceptRouteParams = {
-        ...baseParams,
-        path: '/settings',
-        url: 'app://host/settings?active=general',
-      };
-      const matchedRoute = { targetWindow: BrowsersIdentifiers.settings, pathPrefix: '/settings' };
-      const subPath = undefined;
-      const errorMessage = 'Processing error for settings';
-      (findMatchingRoute as Mock).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
-      (extractSubPath as Mock).mockReturnValue(subPath);
-      mockShowSettingsWindowWithTab.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error(errorMessage));
-
-      const result = await browserWindowsCtr.interceptRoute(params);
-
-      expect(mockShowSettingsWindowWithTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-        searchParams: { active: 'general' },
-        tab: subPath,
-      });
-      expect(result).toEqual({
-        error: errorMessage,
-        intercepted: false,
-        path: params.path,
-        source: params.source,
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('should return error if processing route interception fails for other window', async () => {
+    it('should return error if processing route interception fails', async () => {
       const params: InterceptRouteParams = {
         ...baseParams,
         path: '/another/custom',

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/__tests__/LocalFileCtr.test.ts

@@ -183,6 +183,26 @@ describe('LocalFileCtr', () => {
       expect(result.totalLineCount).toBe(5);
     });
 
+    it('should read full file content when fullContent is true', async () => {
+      const mockFileContent = 'line1\nline2\nline3\nline4\nline5';
+      vi.mocked(mockLoadFile).mockResolvedValue({
+        content: mockFileContent,
+        filename: 'test.txt',
+        fileType: 'txt',
+        createdTime: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+        modifiedTime: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+      });
+
+      const result = await localFileCtr.readFile({ path: '/test/file.txt', fullContent: true });
+
+      expect(result.content).toBe(mockFileContent);
+      expect(result.lineCount).toBe(5);
+      expect(result.charCount).toBe(mockFileContent.length);
+      expect(result.totalLineCount).toBe(5);
+      expect(result.totalCharCount).toBe(mockFileContent.length);
+      expect(result.loc).toEqual([0, 5]);
+    });
+
     it('should handle file read error', async () => {
       vi.mocked(mockLoadFile).mockRejectedValue(new Error('File not found'));
 
@@ -392,4 +412,137 @@ describe('LocalFileCtr', () => {
       });
     });
   });
+
+  describe('handleEditFile', () => {
+    it('should replace first occurrence successfully', async () => {
+      const originalContent = 'Hello world\nHello again\nGoodbye world';
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.readFile).mockResolvedValue(originalContent);
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.writeFile).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await localFileCtr.handleEditFile({
+        file_path: '/test/file.txt',
+        old_string: 'Hello',
+        new_string: 'Hi',
+        replace_all: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.replacements).toBe(1);
+      expect(result.linesAdded).toBe(1);
+      expect(result.linesDeleted).toBe(1);
+      expect(result.diffText).toContain('diff --git a/test/file.txt b/test/file.txt');
+      expect(mockFsPromises.writeFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        '/test/file.txt',
+        'Hi world\nHello again\nGoodbye world',
+        'utf8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should replace all occurrences when replace_all is true', async () => {
+      const originalContent = 'Hello world\nHello again\nHello there';
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.readFile).mockResolvedValue(originalContent);
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.writeFile).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await localFileCtr.handleEditFile({
+        file_path: '/test/file.txt',
+        old_string: 'Hello',
+        new_string: 'Hi',
+        replace_all: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.replacements).toBe(3);
+      expect(result.linesAdded).toBe(3);
+      expect(result.linesDeleted).toBe(3);
+      expect(mockFsPromises.writeFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        '/test/file.txt',
+        'Hi world\nHi again\nHi there',
+        'utf8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiline replacement correctly', async () => {
+      const originalContent = 'function test() {\n  console.log("old");\n}';
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.readFile).mockResolvedValue(originalContent);
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.writeFile).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await localFileCtr.handleEditFile({
+        file_path: '/test/file.js',
+        old_string: 'console.log("old");',
+        new_string: 'console.log("new");\n  console.log("added");',
+        replace_all: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.replacements).toBe(1);
+      expect(result.linesAdded).toBe(2);
+      expect(result.linesDeleted).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should return error when old_string is not found', async () => {
+      const originalContent = 'Hello world';
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.readFile).mockResolvedValue(originalContent);
+
+      const result = await localFileCtr.handleEditFile({
+        file_path: '/test/file.txt',
+        old_string: 'NonExistent',
+        new_string: 'New',
+        replace_all: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toBe('The specified old_string was not found in the file');
+      expect(result.replacements).toBe(0);
+      expect(mockFsPromises.writeFile).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle file read error', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.readFile).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Permission denied'));
+
+      const result = await localFileCtr.handleEditFile({
+        file_path: '/test/file.txt',
+        old_string: 'Hello',
+        new_string: 'Hi',
+        replace_all: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toBe('Permission denied');
+      expect(result.replacements).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle file write error', async () => {
+      const originalContent = 'Hello world';
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.readFile).mockResolvedValue(originalContent);
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.writeFile).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Disk full'));
+
+      const result = await localFileCtr.handleEditFile({
+        file_path: '/test/file.txt',
+        old_string: 'Hello',
+        new_string: 'Hi',
+        replace_all: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toBe('Disk full');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate correct diff format', async () => {
+      const originalContent = 'line 1\nline 2\nline 3';
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.readFile).mockResolvedValue(originalContent);
+      vi.mocked(mockFsPromises.writeFile).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await localFileCtr.handleEditFile({
+        file_path: '/test/file.txt',
+        old_string: 'line 2',
+        new_string: 'modified line 2',
+        replace_all: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.diffText).toContain('diff --git a/test/file.txt b/test/file.txt');
+      expect(result.diffText).toContain('-line 2');
+      expect(result.diffText).toContain('+modified line 2');
+    });
+  });
 });

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/__tests__/McpInstallCtr.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import McpInstallController from '../McpInstallCtr';
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock browserManager
+const mockBrowserManager = {
+  broadcastToWindow: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+const mockApp = {
+  browserManager: mockBrowserManager,
+} as unknown as App;
+
+describe('McpInstallController', () => {
+  let controller: McpInstallController;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    controller = new McpInstallController(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('handleInstallRequest', () => {
+    const validStdioSchema = {
+      identifier: 'test-plugin',
+      name: 'Test Plugin',
+      author: 'Test Author',
+      description: 'A test plugin',
+      version: '1.0.0',
+      config: {
+        type: 'stdio',
+        command: 'npx',
+        args: ['-y', 'test-mcp-server'],
+      },
+    };
+
+    const validHttpSchema = {
+      identifier: 'test-http-plugin',
+      name: 'Test HTTP Plugin',
+      author: 'Test Author',
+      description: 'A test HTTP plugin',
+      version: '1.0.0',
+      config: {
+        type: 'http',
+        url: 'https://api.example.com/mcp',
+      },
+    };
+
+    it('should return false when id is missing', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: '',
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when schema is missing for third-party marketplace', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should succeed for official market without schema', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'lobehub',
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'chat',
+        'mcpInstallRequest',
+        {
+          marketId: 'lobehub',
+          pluginId: 'test-plugin',
+          schema: undefined,
+        },
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when schema is invalid JSON', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: 'invalid json {',
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when schema structure is invalid', async () => {
+      const invalidSchema = {
+        identifier: 'test-plugin',
+        // missing required fields
+      };
+
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(invalidSchema),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when schema identifier does not match id', async () => {
+      const schema = { ...validStdioSchema, identifier: 'different-id' };
+
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(schema),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should succeed with valid stdio schema', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(validStdioSchema),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'chat',
+        'mcpInstallRequest',
+        {
+          marketId: 'third-party',
+          pluginId: 'test-plugin',
+          schema: validStdioSchema,
+        },
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should succeed with valid http schema', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-http-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(validHttpSchema),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'chat',
+        'mcpInstallRequest',
+        {
+          marketId: 'third-party',
+          pluginId: 'test-http-plugin',
+          schema: validHttpSchema,
+        },
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when http schema has invalid URL', async () => {
+      const invalidHttpSchema = {
+        ...validHttpSchema,
+        config: {
+          type: 'http',
+          url: 'not-a-valid-url',
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-http-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(invalidHttpSchema),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when config type is unknown', async () => {
+      const unknownTypeSchema = {
+        ...validStdioSchema,
+        config: {
+          type: 'unknown',
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(unknownTypeSchema),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when browserManager is not available', async () => {
+      const controllerWithoutBrowserManager = new McpInstallController({} as App);
+
+      const result = await controllerWithoutBrowserManager.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'lobehub',
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle schema with optional fields', async () => {
+      const schemaWithOptionalFields = {
+        ...validStdioSchema,
+        homepage: 'https://example.com',
+        icon: 'https://example.com/icon.png',
+      };
+
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(schemaWithOptionalFields),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'chat',
+        'mcpInstallRequest',
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          schema: schemaWithOptionalFields,
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when stdio config missing command', async () => {
+      const invalidStdioSchema = {
+        ...validStdioSchema,
+        config: {
+          type: 'stdio',
+          // missing command
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(invalidStdioSchema),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle schema with env configuration', async () => {
+      const schemaWithEnv = {
+        ...validStdioSchema,
+        config: {
+          type: 'stdio',
+          command: 'npx',
+          args: ['-y', 'test-mcp-server'],
+          env: {
+            API_KEY: 'test-key',
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await controller.handleInstallRequest({
+        id: 'test-plugin',
+        marketId: 'third-party',
+        schema: JSON.stringify(schemaWithEnv),
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/__tests__/NotificationCtr.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+import { ShowDesktopNotificationParams } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import NotificationCtr from '../NotificationCtr';
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock electron
+vi.mock('electron', () => {
+  const mockNotificationInstance = {
+    on: vi.fn(),
+    show: vi.fn(),
+  };
+  const MockNotification = vi.fn(() => mockNotificationInstance) as any;
+  MockNotification.isSupported = vi.fn(() => true);
+
+  return {
+    Notification: MockNotification,
+    app: {
+      setAppUserModelId: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+// Mock electron-is
+vi.mock('electron-is', () => ({
+  macOS: vi.fn(() => false),
+  windows: vi.fn(() => false),
+}));
+
+// Mock browserManager
+const mockBrowserWindow = {
+  focus: vi.fn(),
+  isDestroyed: vi.fn(() => false),
+  isFocused: vi.fn(() => true),
+  isMinimized: vi.fn(() => false),
+  isVisible: vi.fn(() => true),
+};
+
+const mockMainWindow = {
+  browserWindow: mockBrowserWindow,
+  show: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+const mockBrowserManager = {
+  getMainWindow: vi.fn(() => mockMainWindow),
+};
+
+const mockApp = {
+  browserManager: mockBrowserManager,
+} as unknown as App;
+
+describe('NotificationCtr', () => {
+  let controller: NotificationCtr;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    controller = new NotificationCtr(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  describe('afterAppReady', () => {
+    it('should setup notifications when supported', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      controller.afterAppReady();
+
+      expect(Notification.isSupported).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not setup when notifications are not supported', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      controller.afterAppReady();
+
+      expect(Notification.isSupported).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should set app user model ID on Windows', async () => {
+      const { windows } = await import('electron-is');
+      const { app, Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(windows).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      controller.afterAppReady();
+
+      expect(app.setAppUserModelId).toHaveBeenCalledWith('com.lobehub.chat');
+
+      vi.mocked(windows).mockReturnValue(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle macOS platform', async () => {
+      const { macOS } = await import('electron-is');
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(macOS).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      // Should not throw
+      expect(() => controller.afterAppReady()).not.toThrow();
+
+      vi.mocked(macOS).mockReturnValue(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('showDesktopNotification', () => {
+    const params: ShowDesktopNotificationParams = {
+      body: 'Test body',
+      title: 'Test title',
+    };
+
+    it('should return error when notifications are not supported', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const result = await controller.showDesktopNotification(params);
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        error: 'Desktop notifications not supported',
+        success: false,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should skip notification when window is visible and focused', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isMinimized.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const result = await controller.showDesktopNotification(params);
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        reason: 'Window is visible',
+        skipped: true,
+        success: true,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should show notification when window is hidden', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const promise = controller.showDesktopNotification(params);
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
+      const result = await promise;
+
+      expect(Notification).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        body: 'Test body',
+        hasReply: false,
+        silent: false,
+        timeoutType: 'default',
+        title: 'Test title',
+        urgency: 'normal',
+      });
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should show notification when window is minimized', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isMinimized.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      const promise = controller.showDesktopNotification(params);
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
+      const result = await promise;
+
+      expect(Notification).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should show notification when window is not focused', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(false);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isMinimized.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const promise = controller.showDesktopNotification(params);
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
+      const result = await promise;
+
+      expect(Notification).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should pass silent option to notification', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const paramsWithSilent: ShowDesktopNotificationParams = {
+        ...params,
+        silent: true,
+      };
+
+      const promise = controller.showDesktopNotification(paramsWithSilent);
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
+      await promise;
+
+      expect(Notification).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          silent: true,
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should register click handler to show main window', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      // Get the mock instance that will be created
+      const mockInstance = { on: vi.fn(), show: vi.fn() };
+      vi.mocked(Notification).mockReturnValue(mockInstance as any);
+
+      const promise = controller.showDesktopNotification(params);
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
+      await promise;
+
+      // Find the click handler
+      const clickHandler = mockInstance.on.mock.calls.find((call) => call[0] === 'click')?.[1];
+
+      expect(clickHandler).toBeDefined();
+
+      // Simulate click
+      clickHandler();
+
+      expect(mockMainWindow.show).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.focus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle notification error', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(Notification).mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+        throw new Error('Notification error');
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.showDesktopNotification(params);
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        error: 'Notification error',
+        success: false,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle unknown error type', async () => {
+      const { Notification } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(Notification.isSupported).mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(Notification).mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+        throw 'string error';
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.showDesktopNotification(params);
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        error: 'Unknown error',
+        success: false,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isMainWindowHidden', () => {
+    it('should return false when window is visible and focused', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isMinimized.mockReturnValue(false);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const result = controller.isMainWindowHidden();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when window is not visible', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(false);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isMinimized.mockReturnValue(false);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const result = controller.isMainWindowHidden();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when window is minimized', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isMinimized.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const result = controller.isMainWindowHidden();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when window is not focused', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(false);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isMinimized.mockReturnValue(false);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const result = controller.isMainWindowHidden();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when window is destroyed', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      const result = controller.isMainWindowHidden();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true on error', () => {
+      mockBrowserManager.getMainWindow.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+        throw new Error('Window not available');
+      });
+
+      const result = controller.isMainWindowHidden();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/__tests__/RemoteServerConfigCtr.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+import { DataSyncConfig } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import RemoteServerConfigCtr from '../RemoteServerConfigCtr';
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock electron
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  safeStorage: {
+    decryptString: vi.fn((buffer: Buffer) => buffer.toString()),
+    encryptString: vi.fn((str: string) => Buffer.from(str)),
+    isEncryptionAvailable: vi.fn(() => true),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock @/const/env
+vi.mock('@/const/env', () => ({
+  OFFICIAL_CLOUD_SERVER: 'https://cloud.lobehub.com',
+}));
+
+// Mock storeManager
+const mockStoreManager = {
+  delete: vi.fn(),
+  get: vi.fn(),
+  set: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+const mockApp = {
+  storeManager: mockStoreManager,
+} as unknown as App;
+
+describe('RemoteServerConfigCtr', () => {
+  let controller: RemoteServerConfigCtr;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    mockStoreManager.get.mockReturnValue({
+      active: false,
+      storageMode: 'local',
+    });
+    controller = new RemoteServerConfigCtr(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('getRemoteServerConfig', () => {
+    it('should return stored configuration', async () => {
+      const config: DataSyncConfig = {
+        active: true,
+        remoteServerUrl: 'https://my-server.com',
+        storageMode: 'selfHost',
+      };
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockReturnValue(config);
+
+      const result = await controller.getRemoteServerConfig();
+
+      expect(result).toEqual(config);
+      expect(mockStoreManager.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('dataSyncConfig');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setRemoteServerConfig', () => {
+    it('should update configuration', async () => {
+      const prevConfig: DataSyncConfig = {
+        active: false,
+        storageMode: 'local',
+      };
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockReturnValue(prevConfig);
+
+      const newConfig: Partial<DataSyncConfig> = {
+        active: true,
+        remoteServerUrl: 'https://my-server.com',
+        storageMode: 'selfHost',
+      };
+
+      const result = await controller.setRemoteServerConfig(newConfig);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockStoreManager.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith('dataSyncConfig', {
+        ...prevConfig,
+        ...newConfig,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('clearRemoteServerConfig', () => {
+    it('should clear configuration and tokens', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.clearRemoteServerConfig();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockStoreManager.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith('dataSyncConfig', { storageMode: 'local' });
+      expect(mockStoreManager.delete).toHaveBeenCalledWith('encryptedTokens');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('saveTokens', () => {
+    it('should save encrypted tokens with expiration', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('access-token', 'refresh-token', 3600);
+
+      expect(safeStorage.encryptString).toHaveBeenCalledWith('access-token');
+      expect(safeStorage.encryptString).toHaveBeenCalledWith('refresh-token');
+      expect(mockStoreManager.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'encryptedTokens',
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          accessToken: expect.any(String),
+          expiresAt: expect.any(Number),
+          refreshToken: expect.any(String),
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should save tokens without expiration', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('access-token', 'refresh-token');
+
+      expect(mockStoreManager.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'encryptedTokens',
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          accessToken: expect.any(String),
+          expiresAt: undefined,
+          refreshToken: expect.any(String),
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should save unencrypted tokens when encryption is not available', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('access-token', 'refresh-token', 3600);
+
+      expect(safeStorage.encryptString).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockStoreManager.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'encryptedTokens',
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          accessToken: 'access-token',
+          refreshToken: 'refresh-token',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getAccessToken', () => {
+    it('should return decrypted access token', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      // First save a token
+      await controller.saveTokens('test-access-token', 'test-refresh-token');
+
+      const result = await controller.getAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('test-access-token');
+    });
+
+    it('should load token from store if not in memory', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.decryptString).mockReturnValue('stored-access-token');
+
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'encryptedTokens') {
+          return {
+            accessToken: Buffer.from('stored-access-token').toString('base64'),
+            refreshToken: Buffer.from('stored-refresh-token').toString('base64'),
+          };
+        }
+        return { active: false, storageMode: 'local' };
+      });
+
+      // Create new controller to test loading from store
+      const newController = new RemoteServerConfigCtr(mockApp);
+      const result = await newController.getAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('stored-access-token');
+    });
+
+    it('should return null when no token exists', async () => {
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'encryptedTokens') {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return { active: false, storageMode: 'local' };
+      });
+
+      const newController = new RemoteServerConfigCtr(mockApp);
+      const result = await newController.getAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should return raw token when encryption is not available', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('raw-access-token', 'raw-refresh-token');
+      const result = await controller.getAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('raw-access-token');
+    });
+
+    it('should return null on decryption error', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.decryptString).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('Decryption failed');
+      });
+
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'encryptedTokens') {
+          return {
+            accessToken: 'invalid-encrypted-token',
+            refreshToken: 'invalid-encrypted-token',
+          };
+        }
+        return { active: false, storageMode: 'local' };
+      });
+
+      const newController = new RemoteServerConfigCtr(mockApp);
+      const result = await newController.getAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getRefreshToken', () => {
+    it('should return decrypted refresh token', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.decryptString).mockImplementation((buffer: Buffer) =>
+        buffer.toString(),
+      );
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('test-access-token', 'test-refresh-token');
+
+      const result = await controller.getRefreshToken();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('test-refresh-token');
+    });
+
+    it('should return null when no token exists', async () => {
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'encryptedTokens') {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return { active: false, storageMode: 'local' };
+      });
+
+      const newController = new RemoteServerConfigCtr(mockApp);
+      const result = await newController.getRefreshToken();
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('clearTokens', () => {
+    it('should clear all tokens from memory and store', async () => {
+      await controller.saveTokens('access', 'refresh', 3600);
+      await controller.clearTokens();
+
+      expect(mockStoreManager.delete).toHaveBeenCalledWith('encryptedTokens');
+
+      // Verify tokens are cleared from memory
+      const accessToken = await controller.getAccessToken();
+      expect(accessToken).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getTokenExpiresAt', () => {
+    it('should return expiration time after saving tokens with expiration', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      const beforeSave = Date.now();
+      await controller.saveTokens('access', 'refresh', 3600);
+      const afterSave = Date.now();
+
+      const expiresAt = controller.getTokenExpiresAt();
+
+      expect(expiresAt).toBeDefined();
+      expect(expiresAt).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(beforeSave + 3600 * 1000);
+      expect(expiresAt).toBeLessThanOrEqual(afterSave + 3600 * 1000);
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined when no expiration is set', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('access', 'refresh');
+
+      const expiresAt = controller.getTokenExpiresAt();
+
+      expect(expiresAt).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isTokenExpiringSoon', () => {
+    it('should return false when no expiration is set', () => {
+      const result = controller.isTokenExpiringSoon();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when token is not expiring soon', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      // Token expires in 1 hour
+      await controller.saveTokens('access', 'refresh', 3600);
+
+      // Default buffer is 5 minutes
+      const result = controller.isTokenExpiringSoon();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when token is within buffer time', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      // Token expires in 2 minutes
+      await controller.saveTokens('access', 'refresh', 120);
+
+      // Default buffer is 5 minutes, so token is expiring soon
+      const result = controller.isTokenExpiringSoon();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should respect custom buffer time', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      // Token expires in 10 minutes
+      await controller.saveTokens('access', 'refresh', 600);
+
+      // With 15 minute buffer, should be expiring soon
+      const result = controller.isTokenExpiringSoon(15 * 60 * 1000);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isNonRetryableError', () => {
+    it('should return false for null/undefined error', () => {
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError(undefined)).toBe(false);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('')).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true for OIDC error codes', () => {
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('invalid_grant')).toBe(true);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('Token refresh failed: invalid_client')).toBe(true);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('unauthorized_client error')).toBe(true);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('access_denied by user')).toBe(true);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('invalid_scope requested')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true for deterministic failures', () => {
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('No refresh token available')).toBe(true);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('Remote server is not active or configured')).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('Missing tokens in refresh response')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for transient/network errors', () => {
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('Network error')).toBe(false);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('fetch failed')).toBe(false);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('ETIMEDOUT')).toBe(false);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('Connection refused')).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should be case insensitive', () => {
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('INVALID_GRANT')).toBe(true);
+      expect(controller.isNonRetryableError('NO REFRESH TOKEN AVAILABLE')).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('refreshAccessToken', () => {
+    let mockFetch: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mockFetch = vi.fn();
+      global.fetch = mockFetch;
+    });
+
+    it('should return error when remote server is not active', async () => {
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'dataSyncConfig') {
+          return { active: false, storageMode: 'local' };
+        }
+        return null;
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.refreshAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toContain('not active');
+    });
+
+    it('should return error when no refresh token available', async () => {
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'dataSyncConfig') {
+          return {
+            active: true,
+            remoteServerUrl: 'https://server.com',
+            storageMode: 'selfHost',
+          };
+        }
+        if (key === 'encryptedTokens') {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return null;
+      });
+
+      const newController = new RemoteServerConfigCtr(mockApp);
+      const result = await newController.refreshAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toContain('No refresh token');
+    });
+
+    it('should refresh token successfully', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.decryptString).mockImplementation((buffer: Buffer) =>
+        buffer.toString(),
+      );
+
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'dataSyncConfig') {
+          return {
+            active: true,
+            remoteServerUrl: 'https://server.com',
+            storageMode: 'selfHost',
+          };
+        }
+        return null;
+      });
+
+      // Save initial tokens
+      await controller.saveTokens('old-access', 'old-refresh');
+
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        json: () =>
+          Promise.resolve({
+            access_token: 'new-access-token',
+            expires_in: 3600,
+            refresh_token: 'new-refresh-token',
+          }),
+        ok: true,
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.refreshAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'https://server.com/oidc/token',
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          body: expect.stringContaining('grant_type=refresh_token'),
+          method: 'POST',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should handle refresh failure', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.decryptString).mockImplementation((buffer: Buffer) =>
+        buffer.toString(),
+      );
+
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'dataSyncConfig') {
+          return {
+            active: true,
+            remoteServerUrl: 'https://server.com',
+            storageMode: 'selfHost',
+          };
+        }
+        return null;
+      });
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('old-access', 'old-refresh');
+
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ error: 'invalid_grant' }),
+        ok: false,
+        status: 400,
+        statusText: 'Bad Request',
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.refreshAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toContain('Token refresh failed');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle missing tokens in response', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.decryptString).mockImplementation((buffer: Buffer) =>
+        buffer.toString(),
+      );
+
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'dataSyncConfig') {
+          return {
+            active: true,
+            remoteServerUrl: 'https://server.com',
+            storageMode: 'selfHost',
+          };
+        }
+        return null;
+      });
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('old-access', 'old-refresh');
+
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({}), // Missing tokens
+        ok: true,
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.refreshAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toContain('Missing tokens');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle concurrent refresh requests by returning same result', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.decryptString).mockImplementation((buffer: Buffer) =>
+        buffer.toString(),
+      );
+
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'dataSyncConfig') {
+          return {
+            active: true,
+            remoteServerUrl: 'https://server.com',
+            storageMode: 'selfHost',
+          };
+        }
+        return null;
+      });
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('old-access', 'old-refresh');
+
+      let resolvePromise: (value: any) => void;
+      const delayedResponse = new Promise((resolve) => {
+        resolvePromise = resolve;
+      });
+
+      mockFetch.mockReturnValue(delayedResponse);
+
+      // Start two concurrent refresh requests
+      const promise1 = controller.refreshAccessToken();
+      const promise2 = controller.refreshAccessToken();
+
+      // Resolve the fetch
+      resolvePromise!({
+        json: () =>
+          Promise.resolve({
+            access_token: 'new-access',
+            expires_in: 3600,
+            refresh_token: 'new-refresh',
+          }),
+        ok: true,
+      });
+
+      const [result1, result2] = await Promise.all([promise1, promise2]);
+
+      // Both results should be equal (same success)
+      expect(result1.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result2.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle network errors with retry', async () => {
+      const { safeStorage } = await import('electron');
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.isEncryptionAvailable).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(safeStorage.decryptString).mockImplementation((buffer: Buffer) =>
+        buffer.toString(),
+      );
+
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'dataSyncConfig') {
+          return {
+            active: true,
+            remoteServerUrl: 'https://server.com',
+            storageMode: 'selfHost',
+          };
+        }
+        return null;
+      });
+
+      await controller.saveTokens('old-access', 'old-refresh');
+
+      mockFetch.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'));
+
+      const result = await controller.refreshAccessToken();
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toContain('Network error');
+      // With retry mechanism, fetch should be called 4 times (1 initial + 3 retries)
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4);
+    }, 15000);
+  });
+
+  describe('afterAppReady', () => {
+    it('should load tokens from store', () => {
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockImplementation((key) => {
+        if (key === 'encryptedTokens') {
+          return {
+            accessToken: 'stored-access',
+            expiresAt: Date.now() + 3600000,
+            refreshToken: 'stored-refresh',
+          };
+        }
+        return { active: false, storageMode: 'local' };
+      });
+
+      const newController = new RemoteServerConfigCtr(mockApp);
+      newController.afterAppReady();
+
+      // Verify tokens were loaded by checking getTokenExpiresAt
+      expect(newController.getTokenExpiresAt()).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getRemoteServerUrl', () => {
+    it('should return official cloud server for cloud mode', async () => {
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockReturnValue({
+        active: true,
+        storageMode: 'cloud',
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.getRemoteServerUrl();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('https://cloud.lobehub.com');
+    });
+
+    it('should return custom URL for selfHost mode', async () => {
+      mockStoreManager.get.mockReturnValue({
+        active: true,
+        remoteServerUrl: 'https://my-server.com',
+        storageMode: 'selfHost',
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.getRemoteServerUrl();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('https://my-server.com');
+    });
+
+    it('should use provided config instead of stored config', async () => {
+      const customConfig: DataSyncConfig = {
+        active: true,
+        remoteServerUrl: 'https://custom-server.com',
+        storageMode: 'selfHost',
+      };
+
+      const result = await controller.getRemoteServerUrl(customConfig);
+
+      expect(result).toBe('https://custom-server.com');
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/__tests__/RemoteServerSyncCtr.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+import { ProxyTRPCRequestParams } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import RemoteServerSyncCtr from '../RemoteServerSyncCtr';
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock electron
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  app: {
+    getAppPath: vi.fn(() => '/mock/app/path'),
+    getPath: vi.fn(() => '/mock/user/data'),
+  },
+  ipcMain: {
+    on: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock electron-is
+vi.mock('electron-is', () => ({
+  dev: vi.fn(() => false),
+  linux: vi.fn(() => false),
+  macOS: vi.fn(() => false),
+  windows: vi.fn(() => false),
+}));
+
+// Mock http and https modules
+vi.mock('node:http', () => ({
+  default: {
+    request: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('node:https', () => ({
+  default: {
+    request: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock proxy agents
+vi.mock('http-proxy-agent', () => ({
+  HttpProxyAgent: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({})),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('https-proxy-agent', () => ({
+  HttpsProxyAgent: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({})),
+}));
+
+// Mock RemoteServerConfigCtr
+const mockRemoteServerConfigCtr = {
+  getRemoteServerConfig: vi.fn(),
+  getRemoteServerUrl: vi.fn(),
+  getAccessToken: vi.fn(),
+  refreshAccessToken: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+const mockStoreManager = {
+  get: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+    enableProxy: false,
+    proxyServer: '',
+    proxyPort: '',
+    proxyType: 'http',
+  }),
+};
+
+const mockApp = {
+  getController: vi.fn(() => mockRemoteServerConfigCtr),
+  storeManager: mockStoreManager,
+} as unknown as App;
+
+describe('RemoteServerSyncCtr', () => {
+  let controller: RemoteServerSyncCtr;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    controller = new RemoteServerSyncCtr(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('proxyTRPCRequest', () => {
+    const baseParams: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test.query',
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+    };
+
+    it('should return 503 when remote server sync is not active', async () => {
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+        active: false,
+        storageMode: 'cloud',
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.proxyTRPCRequest(baseParams);
+
+      expect(result.status).toBe(503);
+      expect(result.statusText).toBe('Remote server sync not active or configured');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 503 when selfHost mode without remoteServerUrl', async () => {
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+        active: true,
+        storageMode: 'selfHost',
+        remoteServerUrl: '',
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.proxyTRPCRequest(baseParams);
+
+      expect(result.status).toBe(503);
+      expect(result.statusText).toBe('Remote server sync not active or configured');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 401 when no access token is available', async () => {
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+        active: true,
+        storageMode: 'cloud',
+      });
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerUrl.mockResolvedValue('https://api.example.com');
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getAccessToken.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // Mock https.request to simulate the forwardRequest behavior
+      const https = await import('node:https');
+      const mockRequest = vi.fn().mockImplementation((options, callback) => {
+        // Simulate response
+        const mockResponse = {
+          statusCode: 401,
+          statusMessage: 'Authentication required, missing token',
+          headers: {},
+          on: vi.fn((event, handler) => {
+            if (event === 'data') {
+              handler(Buffer.from(''));
+            }
+            if (event === 'end') {
+              handler();
+            }
+          }),
+        };
+        callback(mockResponse);
+        return {
+          on: vi.fn(),
+          write: vi.fn(),
+          end: vi.fn(),
+        };
+      });
+      vi.mocked(https.default.request).mockImplementation(mockRequest);
+
+      const result = await controller.proxyTRPCRequest(baseParams);
+
+      expect(result.status).toBe(401);
+    });
+
+    it('should forward request successfully when configured properly', async () => {
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+        active: true,
+        storageMode: 'cloud',
+      });
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerUrl.mockResolvedValue('https://api.example.com');
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getAccessToken.mockResolvedValue('valid-token');
+
+      const https = await import('node:https');
+      const mockRequest = vi.fn().mockImplementation((options, callback) => {
+        const mockResponse = {
+          statusCode: 200,
+          statusMessage: 'OK',
+          headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+          on: vi.fn((event, handler) => {
+            if (event === 'data') {
+              handler(Buffer.from('{"success":true}'));
+            }
+            if (event === 'end') {
+              handler();
+            }
+          }),
+        };
+        callback(mockResponse);
+        return {
+          on: vi.fn(),
+          write: vi.fn(),
+          end: vi.fn(),
+        };
+      });
+      vi.mocked(https.default.request).mockImplementation(mockRequest);
+
+      const result = await controller.proxyTRPCRequest(baseParams);
+
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(result.statusText).toBe('OK');
+    });
+
+    it('should retry request after token refresh on 401', async () => {
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+        active: true,
+        storageMode: 'cloud',
+      });
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerUrl.mockResolvedValue('https://api.example.com');
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getAccessToken
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('expired-token')
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('new-valid-token');
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.refreshAccessToken.mockResolvedValue({ success: true });
+
+      const https = await import('node:https');
+      let callCount = 0;
+      const mockRequest = vi.fn().mockImplementation((options, callback) => {
+        callCount++;
+        const mockResponse = {
+          statusCode: callCount === 1 ? 401 : 200,
+          statusMessage: callCount === 1 ? 'Unauthorized' : 'OK',
+          headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+          on: vi.fn((event, handler) => {
+            if (event === 'data') {
+              handler(Buffer.from(callCount === 1 ? '' : '{"success":true}'));
+            }
+            if (event === 'end') {
+              handler();
+            }
+          }),
+        };
+        callback(mockResponse);
+        return {
+          on: vi.fn(),
+          write: vi.fn(),
+          end: vi.fn(),
+        };
+      });
+      vi.mocked(https.default.request).mockImplementation(mockRequest);
+
+      const result = await controller.proxyTRPCRequest(baseParams);
+
+      expect(mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.refreshAccessToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it('should keep 401 response when token refresh fails', async () => {
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+        active: true,
+        storageMode: 'cloud',
+      });
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerUrl.mockResolvedValue('https://api.example.com');
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getAccessToken.mockResolvedValue('expired-token');
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.refreshAccessToken.mockResolvedValue({
+        success: false,
+        error: 'Refresh failed',
+      });
+
+      const https = await import('node:https');
+      const mockRequest = vi.fn().mockImplementation((options, callback) => {
+        const mockResponse = {
+          statusCode: 401,
+          statusMessage: 'Unauthorized',
+          headers: {},
+          on: vi.fn((event, handler) => {
+            if (event === 'data') {
+              handler(Buffer.from(''));
+            }
+            if (event === 'end') {
+              handler();
+            }
+          }),
+        };
+        callback(mockResponse);
+        return {
+          on: vi.fn(),
+          write: vi.fn(),
+          end: vi.fn(),
+        };
+      });
+      vi.mocked(https.default.request).mockImplementation(mockRequest);
+
+      const result = await controller.proxyTRPCRequest(baseParams);
+
+      expect(mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.refreshAccessToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result.status).toBe(401);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle request error gracefully', async () => {
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+        active: true,
+        storageMode: 'cloud',
+      });
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerUrl.mockResolvedValue('https://api.example.com');
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getAccessToken.mockResolvedValue('valid-token');
+
+      const https = await import('node:https');
+      const mockRequest = vi.fn().mockImplementation((options, callback) => {
+        return {
+          on: vi.fn((event, handler) => {
+            if (event === 'error') {
+              handler(new Error('Network error'));
+            }
+          }),
+          write: vi.fn(),
+          end: vi.fn(),
+        };
+      });
+      vi.mocked(https.default.request).mockImplementation(mockRequest);
+
+      const result = await controller.proxyTRPCRequest(baseParams);
+
+      expect(result.status).toBe(502);
+      expect(result.statusText).toBe('Error forwarding request');
+    });
+
+    it('should include request body when provided', async () => {
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+        active: true,
+        storageMode: 'cloud',
+      });
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getRemoteServerUrl.mockResolvedValue('https://api.example.com');
+      mockRemoteServerConfigCtr.getAccessToken.mockResolvedValue('valid-token');
+
+      const https = await import('node:https');
+      const mockWrite = vi.fn();
+      const mockRequest = vi.fn().mockImplementation((options, callback) => {
+        const mockResponse = {
+          statusCode: 200,
+          statusMessage: 'OK',
+          headers: {},
+          on: vi.fn((event, handler) => {
+            if (event === 'data') {
+              handler(Buffer.from('{"success":true}'));
+            }
+            if (event === 'end') {
+              handler();
+            }
+          }),
+        };
+        callback(mockResponse);
+        return {
+          on: vi.fn(),
+          write: mockWrite,
+          end: vi.fn(),
+        };
+      });
+      vi.mocked(https.default.request).mockImplementation(mockRequest);
+
+      const paramsWithBody: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+        ...baseParams,
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: '{"data":"test"}',
+      };
+
+      await controller.proxyTRPCRequest(paramsWithBody);
+
+      expect(mockWrite).toHaveBeenCalledWith('{"data":"test"}', 'utf8');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('afterAppReady', () => {
+    it('should register stream:start IPC handler', async () => {
+      const { ipcMain } = await import('electron');
+
+      controller.afterAppReady();
+
+      expect(ipcMain.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('stream:start', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('destroy', () => {
+    it('should clean up resources', () => {
+      // destroy method doesn't throw
+      expect(() => controller.destroy()).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/__tests__/SystemCtr.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+import { ThemeMode } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import SystemController from '../SystemCtr';
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock electron
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  app: {
+    getLocale: vi.fn(() => 'en-US'),
+    getPath: vi.fn((name: string) => `/mock/path/${name}`),
+  },
+  nativeTheme: {
+    on: vi.fn(),
+    shouldUseDarkColors: false,
+  },
+  shell: {
+    openExternal: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+  },
+  systemPreferences: {
+    isTrustedAccessibilityClient: vi.fn(() => true),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock electron-is
+vi.mock('electron-is', () => ({
+  macOS: vi.fn(() => true),
+}));
+
+// Mock node:fs
+vi.mock('node:fs', () => ({
+  readFileSync: vi.fn(),
+  writeFileSync: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// Mock @/const/dir
+vi.mock('@/const/dir', () => ({
+  DB_SCHEMA_HASH_FILENAME: 'db-schema-hash.txt',
+  LOCAL_DATABASE_DIR: 'database',
+  userDataDir: '/mock/user/data',
+}));
+
+// Mock browserManager
+const mockBrowserManager = {
+  broadcastToAllWindows: vi.fn(),
+  handleAppThemeChange: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+// Mock storeManager
+const mockStoreManager = {
+  get: vi.fn(),
+  set: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+// Mock i18n
+const mockI18n = {
+  changeLanguage: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+};
+
+const mockApp = {
+  appStoragePath: '/mock/storage',
+  browserManager: mockBrowserManager,
+  i18n: mockI18n,
+  storeManager: mockStoreManager,
+} as unknown as App;
+
+describe('SystemController', () => {
+  let controller: SystemController;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    controller = new SystemController(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('getAppState', () => {
+    it('should return app state with system info', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.getAppState();
+
+      expect(result).toMatchObject({
+        arch: expect.any(String),
+        platform: expect.any(String),
+        systemAppearance: 'light',
+        userPath: {
+          desktop: '/mock/path/desktop',
+          documents: '/mock/path/documents',
+          downloads: '/mock/path/downloads',
+          home: '/mock/path/home',
+          music: '/mock/path/music',
+          pictures: '/mock/path/pictures',
+          userData: '/mock/path/userData',
+          videos: '/mock/path/videos',
+        },
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should return dark appearance when nativeTheme is dark', async () => {
+      const { nativeTheme } = await import('electron');
+      Object.defineProperty(nativeTheme, 'shouldUseDarkColors', { value: true });
+
+      const result = await controller.getAppState();
+
+      expect(result.systemAppearance).toBe('dark');
+
+      // Reset
+      Object.defineProperty(nativeTheme, 'shouldUseDarkColors', { value: false });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('checkAccessibilityForMacOS', () => {
+    it('should check accessibility on macOS', async () => {
+      const { systemPreferences } = await import('electron');
+
+      controller.checkAccessibilityForMacOS();
+
+      expect(systemPreferences.isTrustedAccessibilityClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined on non-macOS', async () => {
+      const { macOS } = await import('electron-is');
+      vi.mocked(macOS).mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const result = controller.checkAccessibilityForMacOS();
+
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+
+      // Reset
+      vi.mocked(macOS).mockReturnValue(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('openExternalLink', () => {
+    it('should open external link', async () => {
+      const { shell } = await import('electron');
+
+      await controller.openExternalLink('https://example.com');
+
+      expect(shell.openExternal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://example.com');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateLocale', () => {
+    it('should update locale and broadcast change', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.updateLocale('zh-CN');
+
+      expect(mockStoreManager.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith('locale', 'zh-CN');
+      expect(mockI18n.changeLanguage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('zh-CN');
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToAllWindows).toHaveBeenCalledWith('localeChanged', {
+        locale: 'zh-CN',
+      });
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should use system locale when set to auto', async () => {
+      await controller.updateLocale('auto');
+
+      expect(mockI18n.changeLanguage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('en-US');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateThemeModeHandler', () => {
+    it('should update theme mode and broadcast change', async () => {
+      const themeMode: ThemeMode = 'dark';
+
+      await controller.updateThemeModeHandler(themeMode);
+
+      expect(mockStoreManager.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith('themeMode', 'dark');
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToAllWindows).toHaveBeenCalledWith('themeChanged', {
+        themeMode: 'dark',
+      });
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.handleAppThemeChange).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getDatabasePath', () => {
+    it('should return database path', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.getDatabasePath();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('/mock/storage/database');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getDatabaseSchemaHash', () => {
+    it('should return schema hash when file exists', async () => {
+      const { readFileSync } = await import('node:fs');
+      vi.mocked(readFileSync).mockReturnValue('abc123');
+
+      const result = await controller.getDatabaseSchemaHash();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('abc123');
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined when file does not exist', async () => {
+      const { readFileSync } = await import('node:fs');
+      vi.mocked(readFileSync).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('File not found');
+      });
+
+      const result = await controller.getDatabaseSchemaHash();
+
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getUserDataPath', () => {
+    it('should return user data path', async () => {
+      const result = await controller.getUserDataPath();
+
+      expect(result).toBe('/mock/user/data');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setDatabaseSchemaHash', () => {
+    it('should write schema hash to file', async () => {
+      const { writeFileSync } = await import('node:fs');
+
+      await controller.setDatabaseSchemaHash('newhash123');
+
+      expect(writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        '/mock/storage/db-schema-hash.txt',
+        'newhash123',
+        'utf8',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('afterAppReady', () => {
+    it('should initialize system theme listener', async () => {
+      const { nativeTheme } = await import('electron');
+
+      controller.afterAppReady();
+
+      expect(nativeTheme.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updated', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+
+    it('should not initialize listener twice', async () => {
+      const { nativeTheme } = await import('electron');
+
+      controller.afterAppReady();
+      controller.afterAppReady();
+
+      // Should only be called once
+      expect(nativeTheme.on).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should broadcast system theme change when theme updates', async () => {
+      const { nativeTheme } = await import('electron');
+
+      controller.afterAppReady();
+
+      // Get the callback that was registered
+      const callback = vi.mocked(nativeTheme.on).mock.calls[0][1] as () => void;
+
+      // Simulate theme change to dark
+      Object.defineProperty(nativeTheme, 'shouldUseDarkColors', { value: true });
+      callback();
+
+      expect(mockBrowserManager.broadcastToAllWindows).toHaveBeenCalledWith('systemThemeChanged', {
+        themeMode: 'dark',
+      });
+
+      // Reset
+      Object.defineProperty(nativeTheme, 'shouldUseDarkColors', { value: false });
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/controllers/__tests__/UploadFileCtr.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import UploadFileCtr from '../UploadFileCtr';
+
+// Mock FileService module to prevent electron dependency issues
+vi.mock('@/services/fileSrv', () => ({
+  default: class MockFileService {},
+}));
+
+// Mock FileService instance methods
+const mockFileService = {
+  uploadFile: vi.fn(),
+  getFilePath: vi.fn(),
+  getFileHTTPURL: vi.fn(),
+  deleteFiles: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+const mockApp = {
+  getService: vi.fn(() => mockFileService),
+} as unknown as App;
+
+describe('UploadFileCtr', () => {
+  let controller: UploadFileCtr;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    controller = new UploadFileCtr(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('uploadFile', () => {
+    it('should upload file successfully', async () => {
+      const params = {
+        hash: 'abc123',
+        path: '/test/file.txt',
+        content: new ArrayBuffer(16),
+        filename: 'file.txt',
+        type: 'text/plain',
+      };
+      const expectedResult = { id: 'file-id-123', url: '/files/file-id-123' };
+      mockFileService.uploadFile.mockResolvedValue(expectedResult);
+
+      const result = await controller.uploadFile(params);
+
+      expect(result).toEqual(expectedResult);
+      expect(mockFileService.uploadFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(params);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle upload error', async () => {
+      const params = {
+        hash: 'abc123',
+        path: '/test/file.txt',
+        content: new ArrayBuffer(16),
+        filename: 'file.txt',
+        type: 'text/plain',
+      };
+      const error = new Error('Upload failed');
+      mockFileService.uploadFile.mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await expect(controller.uploadFile(params)).rejects.toThrow('Upload failed');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getFileUrlById', () => {
+    it('should get file path by id successfully', async () => {
+      const fileId = 'file-id-123';
+      const expectedPath = '/files/abc123.txt';
+      mockFileService.getFilePath.mockResolvedValue(expectedPath);
+
+      const result = await controller.getFileUrlById(fileId);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(expectedPath);
+      expect(mockFileService.getFilePath).toHaveBeenCalledWith(fileId);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle get file path error', async () => {
+      const fileId = 'non-existent-id';
+      const error = new Error('File not found');
+      mockFileService.getFilePath.mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await expect(controller.getFileUrlById(fileId)).rejects.toThrow('File not found');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getFileHTTPURL', () => {
+    it('should get file HTTP URL successfully', async () => {
+      const filePath = '/files/abc123.txt';
+      const expectedUrl = 'http://localhost:3000/files/abc123.txt';
+      mockFileService.getFileHTTPURL.mockResolvedValue(expectedUrl);
+
+      const result = await controller.getFileHTTPURL(filePath);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(expectedUrl);
+      expect(mockFileService.getFileHTTPURL).toHaveBeenCalledWith(filePath);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle get HTTP URL error', async () => {
+      const filePath = '/files/abc123.txt';
+      const error = new Error('Failed to generate URL');
+      mockFileService.getFileHTTPURL.mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await expect(controller.getFileHTTPURL(filePath)).rejects.toThrow('Failed to generate URL');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('deleteFiles', () => {
+    it('should delete files successfully', async () => {
+      const paths = ['/files/file1.txt', '/files/file2.txt'];
+      mockFileService.deleteFiles.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      await controller.deleteFiles(paths);
+
+      expect(mockFileService.deleteFiles).toHaveBeenCalledWith(paths);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle delete files error', async () => {
+      const paths = ['/files/file1.txt'];
+      const error = new Error('Delete failed');
+      mockFileService.deleteFiles.mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await expect(controller.deleteFiles(paths)).rejects.toThrow('Delete failed');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty paths array', async () => {
+      const paths: string[] = [];
+      mockFileService.deleteFiles.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      await controller.deleteFiles(paths);
+
+      expect(mockFileService.deleteFiles).toHaveBeenCalledWith([]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('createFile', () => {
+    it('should create file successfully', async () => {
+      const params = {
+        hash: 'xyz789',
+        path: '/test/newfile.txt',
+        content: 'bmV3IGZpbGUgY29udGVudA==',
+        filename: 'newfile.txt',
+        type: 'text/plain',
+      };
+      const expectedResult = { id: 'new-file-id', url: '/files/new-file-id' };
+      mockFileService.uploadFile.mockResolvedValue(expectedResult);
+
+      const result = await controller.createFile(params);
+
+      expect(result).toEqual(expectedResult);
+      expect(mockFileService.uploadFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(params);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle create file error', async () => {
+      const params = {
+        hash: 'xyz789',
+        path: '/test/newfile.txt',
+        content: 'bmV3IGZpbGUgY29udGVudA==',
+        filename: 'newfile.txt',
+        type: 'text/plain',
+      };
+      const error = new Error('Create failed');
+      mockFileService.uploadFile.mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await expect(controller.createFile(params)).rejects.toThrow('Create failed');
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/browser/Browser.ts

@@ -336,6 +336,7 @@ export default class Browser {
       vibrancy: 'sidebar',
       visualEffectState: 'active',
       webPreferences: {
+        backgroundThrottling: false,
         contextIsolation: true,
         preload: join(preloadDir, 'index.js'),
       },

apps/desktop/src/main/core/browser/BrowserManager.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-import {
-  MainBroadcastEventKey,
-  MainBroadcastParams,
-  OpenSettingsWindowOptions,
-} from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import { MainBroadcastEventKey, MainBroadcastParams } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
 import { WebContents } from 'electron';
 
 import { createLogger } from '@/utils/logger';
@@ -42,13 +38,6 @@ export class BrowserManager {
     window.show();
   }
 
-  showSettingsWindow() {
-    logger.debug('Showing settings window');
-    const window = this.retrieveByIdentifier('settings');
-    window.show();
-    return window;
-  }
-
   broadcastToAllWindows = <T extends MainBroadcastEventKey>(
     event: T,
     data: MainBroadcastParams<T>,
@@ -68,50 +57,6 @@ export class BrowserManager {
     this.browsers.get(identifier)?.broadcast(event, data);
   };
 
-  /**
-   * Display the settings window and navigate to a specific tab
-   * @param tab Settings window sub-path tab
-   */
-  async showSettingsWindowWithTab(options?: OpenSettingsWindowOptions) {
-    const tab = options?.tab;
-    const searchParams = options?.searchParams;
-
-    const query = new URLSearchParams();
-    if (searchParams) {
-      Object.entries(searchParams).forEach(([key, value]) => {
-        if (value !== undefined) query.set(key, value);
-      });
-    }
-
-    if (tab && tab !== 'common' && !query.has('active')) {
-      query.set('active', tab);
-    }
-
-    const queryString = query.toString();
-    const activeTab = query.get('active') ?? tab;
-
-    logger.debug(
-      `Showing settings window with navigation: active=${activeTab || 'default'}, query=${
-        queryString || 'none'
-      }`,
-    );
-
-    if (queryString) {
-      const browser = await this.redirectToPage('settings', undefined, queryString);
-
-      // make provider page more large
-      if (activeTab?.startsWith('provider')) {
-        logger.debug('Resizing window for provider settings');
-        browser.setWindowSize({ height: 1000, width: 1400 });
-        browser.moveToCenter();
-      }
-
-      return browser;
-    } else {
-      return this.showSettingsWindow();
-    }
-  }
-
   /**
    * Navigate window to specific sub-path
    * @param identifier Window identifier

apps/desktop/src/main/core/browser/__tests__/Browser.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App as AppCore } from '../../App';
+import Browser, { BrowserWindowOpts } from '../Browser';
+
+// Use vi.hoisted to define mocks before hoisting
+const { mockBrowserWindow, mockNativeTheme, mockIpcMain, mockScreen, MockBrowserWindow } =
+  vi.hoisted(() => {
+    const mockBrowserWindow = {
+      center: vi.fn(),
+      close: vi.fn(),
+      focus: vi.fn(),
+      getBounds: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ height: 600, width: 800, x: 0, y: 0 }),
+      getContentBounds: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ height: 600, width: 800 }),
+      hide: vi.fn(),
+      isDestroyed: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      isFocused: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+      isFullScreen: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      isMaximized: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      isVisible: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+      loadFile: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      loadURL: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      maximize: vi.fn(),
+      minimize: vi.fn(),
+      on: vi.fn(),
+      once: vi.fn(),
+      setBackgroundColor: vi.fn(),
+      setBounds: vi.fn(),
+      setFullScreen: vi.fn(),
+      setPosition: vi.fn(),
+      setTitleBarOverlay: vi.fn(),
+      show: vi.fn(),
+      unmaximize: vi.fn(),
+      webContents: {
+        openDevTools: vi.fn(),
+        send: vi.fn(),
+        session: {
+          webRequest: {
+            onHeadersReceived: vi.fn(),
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    return {
+      MockBrowserWindow: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => mockBrowserWindow),
+      mockBrowserWindow,
+      mockIpcMain: {
+        handle: vi.fn(),
+        removeHandler: vi.fn(),
+      },
+      mockNativeTheme: {
+        off: vi.fn(),
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        shouldUseDarkColors: false,
+      },
+      mockScreen: {
+        getDisplayNearestPoint: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+          workArea: { height: 1080, width: 1920, x: 0, y: 0 },
+        }),
+      },
+    };
+  });
+
+// Mock electron
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  BrowserWindow: MockBrowserWindow,
+  ipcMain: mockIpcMain,
+  nativeTheme: mockNativeTheme,
+  screen: mockScreen,
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock constants
+vi.mock('@/const/dir', () => ({
+  buildDir: '/mock/build',
+  preloadDir: '/mock/preload',
+  resourcesDir: '/mock/resources',
+}));
+
+vi.mock('@/const/env', () => ({
+  isDev: false,
+  isMac: false,
+  isWindows: true,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('@/const/theme', () => ({
+  BACKGROUND_DARK: '#1a1a1a',
+  BACKGROUND_LIGHT: '#ffffff',
+  SYMBOL_COLOR_DARK: '#ffffff',
+  SYMBOL_COLOR_LIGHT: '#000000',
+  THEME_CHANGE_DELAY: 0,
+  TITLE_BAR_HEIGHT: 32,
+}));
+
+describe('Browser', () => {
+  let browser: Browser;
+  let mockApp: AppCore;
+  let mockStoreManagerGet: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let mockStoreManagerSet: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let mockNextInterceptor: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+  const defaultOptions: BrowserWindowOpts = {
+    height: 600,
+    identifier: 'test-window',
+    path: '/test',
+    title: 'Test Window',
+    width: 800,
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+
+    // Reset mock behaviors
+    mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(false);
+    mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+    mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+    mockBrowserWindow.isFullScreen.mockReturnValue(false);
+    mockBrowserWindow.loadURL.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    mockBrowserWindow.loadFile.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    mockNativeTheme.shouldUseDarkColors = false;
+
+    // Create mock App
+    mockStoreManagerGet = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(undefined);
+    mockStoreManagerSet = vi.fn();
+    mockNextInterceptor = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(vi.fn());
+
+    mockApp = {
+      browserManager: {
+        retrieveByIdentifier: vi.fn(),
+      },
+      isQuiting: false,
+      nextInterceptor: mockNextInterceptor,
+      nextServerUrl: 'http://localhost:3000',
+      storeManager: {
+        get: mockStoreManagerGet,
+        set: mockStoreManagerSet,
+      },
+    } as unknown as AppCore;
+
+    browser = new Browser(defaultOptions, mockApp);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should set identifier and options', () => {
+      expect(browser.identifier).toBe('test-window');
+      expect(browser.options).toEqual(defaultOptions);
+    });
+
+    it('should create BrowserWindow on construction', () => {
+      expect(MockBrowserWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should setup next interceptor', () => {
+      expect(mockNextInterceptor).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('browserWindow getter', () => {
+    it('should return existing window if not destroyed', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const win1 = browser.browserWindow;
+      const win2 = browser.browserWindow;
+
+      // Should not create a new window
+      expect(MockBrowserWindow).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(win1).toBe(win2);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('webContents getter', () => {
+    it('should return webContents when window not destroyed', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      expect(browser.webContents).toBe(mockBrowserWindow.webContents);
+    });
+
+    it('should return null when window is destroyed', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      expect(browser.webContents).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('retrieveOrInitialize', () => {
+    it('should restore window size from store', () => {
+      mockStoreManagerGet.mockImplementation((key: string) => {
+        if (key === 'windowSize_test-window') {
+          return { height: 700, width: 900 };
+        }
+        return undefined;
+      });
+
+      // Create new browser to trigger initialization with saved state
+      const newBrowser = new Browser(defaultOptions, mockApp);
+
+      expect(MockBrowserWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          height: 700,
+          width: 900,
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should use default size when no saved state', () => {
+      mockStoreManagerGet.mockReturnValue(undefined);
+
+      expect(MockBrowserWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          height: 600,
+          width: 800,
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should setup theme listener', () => {
+      expect(mockNativeTheme.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updated', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+
+    it('should setup CORS bypass', () => {
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.webContents.session.webRequest.onHeadersReceived).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should open devTools when devTools option is true', () => {
+      const optionsWithDevTools: BrowserWindowOpts = {
+        ...defaultOptions,
+        devTools: true,
+      };
+
+      new Browser(optionsWithDevTools, mockApp);
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.webContents.openDevTools).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('theme management', () => {
+    describe('getPlatformThemeConfig', () => {
+      it('should return Windows dark theme config', () => {
+        mockNativeTheme.shouldUseDarkColors = true;
+
+        // Create browser with dark mode
+        const darkBrowser = new Browser(defaultOptions, mockApp);
+
+        expect(MockBrowserWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            backgroundColor: '#1a1a1a',
+            titleBarOverlay: expect.objectContaining({
+              color: '#1a1a1a',
+              symbolColor: '#ffffff',
+            }),
+          }),
+        );
+      });
+
+      it('should return Windows light theme config', () => {
+        mockNativeTheme.shouldUseDarkColors = false;
+
+        expect(MockBrowserWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            backgroundColor: '#ffffff',
+            titleBarOverlay: expect.objectContaining({
+              color: '#ffffff',
+              symbolColor: '#000000',
+            }),
+          }),
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('handleThemeChange', () => {
+      it('should reapply visual effects on theme change', () => {
+        // Get the theme change handler
+        const themeHandler = mockNativeTheme.on.mock.calls.find(
+          (call) => call[0] === 'updated',
+        )?.[1];
+
+        expect(themeHandler).toBeDefined();
+
+        // Trigger theme change
+        themeHandler();
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(0);
+
+        // Should update window background and title bar
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.setBackgroundColor).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.setTitleBarOverlay).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('handleAppThemeChange', () => {
+      it('should reapply visual effects', () => {
+        browser.handleAppThemeChange();
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(0);
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.setBackgroundColor).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.setTitleBarOverlay).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isDarkMode', () => {
+      it('should return true when themeMode is dark', () => {
+        mockStoreManagerGet.mockImplementation((key: string) => {
+          if (key === 'themeMode') return 'dark';
+          return undefined;
+        });
+
+        const darkBrowser = new Browser(defaultOptions, mockApp);
+        // Access private getter through handleAppThemeChange which uses isDarkMode
+        darkBrowser.handleAppThemeChange();
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(0);
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.setBackgroundColor).toHaveBeenCalledWith('#1a1a1a');
+      });
+
+      it('should use system theme when themeMode is auto', () => {
+        mockStoreManagerGet.mockImplementation((key: string) => {
+          if (key === 'themeMode') return 'auto';
+          return undefined;
+        });
+        mockNativeTheme.shouldUseDarkColors = true;
+
+        const autoBrowser = new Browser(defaultOptions, mockApp);
+        autoBrowser.handleAppThemeChange();
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(0);
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.setBackgroundColor).toHaveBeenCalledWith('#1a1a1a');
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('loadUrl', () => {
+    it('should load full URL successfully', async () => {
+      await browser.loadUrl('/test-path');
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.loadURL).toHaveBeenCalledWith('http://localhost:3000/test-path');
+    });
+
+    it('should load error page on failure', async () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.loadURL.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Load failed'));
+
+      await browser.loadUrl('/test-path');
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.loadFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/mock/resources/error.html');
+    });
+
+    it('should setup retry handler on error', async () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.loadURL.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Load failed'));
+
+      await browser.loadUrl('/test-path');
+
+      expect(mockIpcMain.removeHandler).toHaveBeenCalledWith('retry-connection');
+      expect(mockIpcMain.handle).toHaveBeenCalledWith('retry-connection', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+
+    it('should load fallback HTML when error page fails', async () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.loadURL.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Load failed'));
+      mockBrowserWindow.loadFile.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Error page failed'));
+      mockBrowserWindow.loadURL.mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined);
+
+      await browser.loadUrl('/test-path');
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.loadURL).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('data:text/html'),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('loadPlaceholder', () => {
+    it('should load splash screen', async () => {
+      await browser.loadPlaceholder();
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.loadFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/mock/resources/splash.html');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('window operations', () => {
+    describe('show', () => {
+      it('should show window', () => {
+        browser.show();
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.show).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('hide', () => {
+      it('should hide window', () => {
+        mockBrowserWindow.isFullScreen.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+        browser.hide();
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.hide).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('close', () => {
+      it('should close window', () => {
+        browser.close();
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('moveToCenter', () => {
+      it('should center window', () => {
+        browser.moveToCenter();
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.center).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('setWindowSize', () => {
+      it('should set window bounds', () => {
+        browser.setWindowSize({ height: 700, width: 900 });
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.setBounds).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+          height: 700,
+          width: 900,
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should use current size for missing dimensions', () => {
+        mockBrowserWindow.getBounds.mockReturnValue({ height: 600, width: 800 });
+
+        browser.setWindowSize({ width: 900 });
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.setBounds).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+          height: 600,
+          width: 900,
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('toggleVisible', () => {
+      it('should hide when visible and focused', () => {
+        mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+        mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+        browser.toggleVisible();
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.hide).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should show and focus when not visible', () => {
+        mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+        browser.toggleVisible();
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.show).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.focus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should show and focus when visible but not focused', () => {
+        mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+        mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+        browser.toggleVisible();
+
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.show).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(mockBrowserWindow.focus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('broadcast', () => {
+    it('should send message to webContents', () => {
+      browser.broadcast('updateAvailable' as any, { version: '1.0.0' } as any);
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.webContents.send).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateAvailable', {
+        version: '1.0.0',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should not send when window is destroyed', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      browser.broadcast('updateAvailable' as any);
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.webContents.send).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('destroy', () => {
+    it('should cleanup theme listener', () => {
+      browser.destroy();
+
+      expect(mockNativeTheme.off).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updated', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('close event handling', () => {
+    let closeHandler: (e: any) => void;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      // Get the close handler registered during initialization
+      closeHandler = mockBrowserWindow.on.mock.calls.find((call) => call[0] === 'close')?.[1];
+    });
+
+    it('should save window size and allow close when app is quitting', () => {
+      (mockApp as any).isQuiting = true;
+      const mockEvent = { preventDefault: vi.fn() };
+
+      closeHandler(mockEvent);
+
+      expect(mockStoreManagerSet).toHaveBeenCalledWith('windowSize_test-window', {
+        height: 600,
+        width: 800,
+      });
+      expect(mockEvent.preventDefault).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should hide instead of close when keepAlive is true', () => {
+      const keepAliveOptions: BrowserWindowOpts = {
+        ...defaultOptions,
+        keepAlive: true,
+      };
+      const keepAliveBrowser = new Browser(keepAliveOptions, mockApp);
+
+      // Get the new close handler
+      const keepAliveCloseHandler = mockBrowserWindow.on.mock.calls
+        .filter((call) => call[0] === 'close')
+        .pop()?.[1];
+
+      const mockEvent = { preventDefault: vi.fn() };
+      keepAliveCloseHandler(mockEvent);
+
+      expect(mockEvent.preventDefault).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.hide).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should save size and allow close when keepAlive is false', () => {
+      const mockEvent = { preventDefault: vi.fn() };
+
+      closeHandler(mockEvent);
+
+      expect(mockStoreManagerSet).toHaveBeenCalledWith('windowSize_test-window', {
+        height: 600,
+        width: 800,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('reapplyVisualEffects', () => {
+    it('should apply visual effects', () => {
+      browser.reapplyVisualEffects();
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.setBackgroundColor).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.setTitleBarOverlay).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not apply when window is destroyed', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isDestroyed.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.setBackgroundColor.mockClear();
+
+      browser.reapplyVisualEffects();
+
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.setBackgroundColor).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/browser/__tests__/BrowserManager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App as AppCore } from '../../App';
+import { BrowserManager } from '../BrowserManager';
+
+// Use vi.hoisted to define mocks before hoisting
+const { MockBrowser, mockAppBrowsers, mockWindowTemplates } = vi.hoisted(() => {
+  const createMockBrowserWindow = () => ({
+    isMaximized: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+    maximize: vi.fn(),
+    minimize: vi.fn(),
+    on: vi.fn(),
+    unmaximize: vi.fn(),
+    webContents: { id: Math.random() },
+  });
+
+  const MockBrowser = vi.fn().mockImplementation((options: any) => {
+    const browserWindow = createMockBrowserWindow();
+    return {
+      broadcast: vi.fn(),
+      browserWindow,
+      close: vi.fn(),
+      handleAppThemeChange: vi.fn(),
+      hide: vi.fn(),
+      identifier: options.identifier,
+      loadUrl: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      options,
+      show: vi.fn(),
+      webContents: browserWindow.webContents,
+    };
+  });
+
+  return {
+    MockBrowser,
+    mockAppBrowsers: {
+      chat: {
+        identifier: 'chat',
+        keepAlive: true,
+        path: '/chat',
+      },
+      settings: {
+        identifier: 'settings',
+        keepAlive: false,
+        path: '/settings',
+      },
+    },
+    mockWindowTemplates: {
+      popup: {
+        baseIdentifier: 'popup',
+        height: 400,
+        width: 600,
+      },
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+// Mock Browser class
+vi.mock('../Browser', () => ({
+  default: MockBrowser,
+}));
+
+// Mock appBrowsers config
+vi.mock('../../../appBrowsers', () => ({
+  appBrowsers: mockAppBrowsers,
+  windowTemplates: mockWindowTemplates,
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+describe('BrowserManager', () => {
+  let manager: BrowserManager;
+  let mockApp: AppCore;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Reset MockBrowser
+    MockBrowser.mockClear();
+
+    // Create mock App
+    mockApp = {} as unknown as AppCore;
+
+    manager = new BrowserManager(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should initialize with empty browsers Map', () => {
+      expect(manager.browsers.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should store app reference', () => {
+      expect(manager.app).toBe(mockApp);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getMainWindow', () => {
+    it('should return chat window', () => {
+      const mainWindow = manager.getMainWindow();
+
+      expect(mainWindow.identifier).toBe('chat');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('showMainWindow', () => {
+    it('should show the main window', () => {
+      manager.showMainWindow();
+
+      const chatBrowser = manager.browsers.get('chat');
+      expect(chatBrowser?.show).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('retrieveByIdentifier', () => {
+    it('should return existing browser', () => {
+      // First call creates the browser
+      const browser1 = manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+      // Second call should return same instance
+      const browser2 = manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+
+      expect(browser1).toBe(browser2);
+      expect(MockBrowser).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should create static browser when not exists', () => {
+      const browser = manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+
+      expect(MockBrowser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockAppBrowsers.chat, mockApp);
+      expect(browser.identifier).toBe('chat');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for non-static browser that does not exist', () => {
+      expect(() => manager.retrieveByIdentifier('non-existent')).toThrow(
+        'Browser non-existent not found and is not a static browser',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('createMultiInstanceWindow', () => {
+    it('should create window from template', () => {
+      const result = manager.createMultiInstanceWindow('popup' as any, '/popup/path');
+
+      expect(result.browser).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.identifier).toMatch(/^popup_/);
+      expect(MockBrowser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          baseIdentifier: 'popup',
+          height: 400,
+          path: '/popup/path',
+          width: 600,
+        }),
+        mockApp,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should use provided uniqueId', () => {
+      const result = manager.createMultiInstanceWindow(
+        'popup' as any,
+        '/popup/path',
+        'my-custom-id',
+      );
+
+      expect(result.identifier).toBe('my-custom-id');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for non-existent template', () => {
+      expect(() => manager.createMultiInstanceWindow('nonexistent' as any, '/path')).toThrow(
+        'Window template nonexistent not found',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should generate unique identifier when not provided', () => {
+      const result1 = manager.createMultiInstanceWindow('popup' as any, '/path1');
+      const result2 = manager.createMultiInstanceWindow('popup' as any, '/path2');
+
+      expect(result1.identifier).not.toBe(result2.identifier);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getWindowsByTemplate', () => {
+    it('should return windows matching template prefix', () => {
+      manager.createMultiInstanceWindow('popup' as any, '/path1', 'popup_1');
+      manager.createMultiInstanceWindow('popup' as any, '/path2', 'popup_2');
+      manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat'); // This should not be included
+
+      const popupWindows = manager.getWindowsByTemplate('popup');
+
+      expect(popupWindows).toContain('popup_1');
+      expect(popupWindows).toContain('popup_2');
+      expect(popupWindows).not.toContain('chat');
+    });
+
+    it('should return empty array when no matching windows', () => {
+      const windows = manager.getWindowsByTemplate('nonexistent');
+
+      expect(windows).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('closeWindowsByTemplate', () => {
+    it('should close all windows matching template', () => {
+      const { browser: browser1 } = manager.createMultiInstanceWindow(
+        'popup' as any,
+        '/path1',
+        'popup_1',
+      );
+      const { browser: browser2 } = manager.createMultiInstanceWindow(
+        'popup' as any,
+        '/path2',
+        'popup_2',
+      );
+
+      manager.closeWindowsByTemplate('popup');
+
+      expect(browser1.close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(browser2.close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('initializeBrowsers', () => {
+    it('should initialize keepAlive browsers', () => {
+      manager.initializeBrowsers();
+
+      // chat has keepAlive: true, settings has keepAlive: false
+      expect(manager.browsers.has('chat')).toBe(true);
+      expect(manager.browsers.has('settings')).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('broadcastToAllWindows', () => {
+    it('should broadcast to all browsers', () => {
+      manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+      manager.retrieveByIdentifier('settings');
+
+      manager.broadcastToAllWindows('updateAvailable' as any, { version: '1.0.0' } as any);
+
+      const chatBrowser = manager.browsers.get('chat');
+      const settingsBrowser = manager.browsers.get('settings');
+
+      expect(chatBrowser?.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateAvailable', { version: '1.0.0' });
+      expect(settingsBrowser?.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateAvailable', {
+        version: '1.0.0',
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('broadcastToWindow', () => {
+    it('should broadcast to specific window', () => {
+      manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+      manager.retrieveByIdentifier('settings');
+
+      const chatBrowser = manager.browsers.get('chat');
+      const settingsBrowser = manager.browsers.get('settings');
+
+      manager.broadcastToWindow('chat', 'updateAvailable' as any, { version: '1.0.0' } as any);
+
+      expect(chatBrowser?.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateAvailable', { version: '1.0.0' });
+      expect(settingsBrowser?.broadcast).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should safely handle non-existent window', () => {
+      expect(() =>
+        manager.broadcastToWindow('nonexistent', 'updateAvailable' as any, {} as any),
+      ).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('redirectToPage', () => {
+    it('should load URL and show window', async () => {
+      const browser = await manager.redirectToPage('chat', 'agent');
+
+      expect(browser.hide).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(browser.loadUrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/chat/agent');
+      expect(browser.show).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle subPath correctly', async () => {
+      const browser = await manager.redirectToPage('chat', 'settings/profile');
+
+      expect(browser.loadUrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/chat/settings/profile');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle search parameters', async () => {
+      const browser = await manager.redirectToPage('chat', 'agent', 'id=123');
+
+      expect(browser.loadUrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/chat/agent?id=123');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle search parameters starting with ?', async () => {
+      const browser = await manager.redirectToPage('chat', undefined, '?id=123');
+
+      expect(browser.loadUrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/chat?id=123');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle no subPath', async () => {
+      const browser = await manager.redirectToPage('chat');
+
+      expect(browser.loadUrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/chat');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error on failure', async () => {
+      const mockError = new Error('Load failed');
+      MockBrowser.mockImplementationOnce((options: any) => ({
+        broadcast: vi.fn(),
+        browserWindow: { on: vi.fn(), webContents: { id: 1 } },
+        close: vi.fn(),
+        handleAppThemeChange: vi.fn(),
+        hide: vi.fn(),
+        identifier: options.identifier,
+        loadUrl: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(mockError),
+        options: { path: '/chat' },
+        show: vi.fn(),
+        webContents: { id: 1 },
+      }));
+
+      // Clear the browser cache
+      manager.browsers.clear();
+
+      await expect(manager.redirectToPage('chat', 'agent')).rejects.toThrow('Load failed');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('window operations', () => {
+    describe('closeWindow', () => {
+      it('should close specified window', () => {
+        manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+
+        manager.closeWindow('chat');
+
+        const browser = manager.browsers.get('chat');
+        expect(browser?.close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should safely handle non-existent window', () => {
+        expect(() => manager.closeWindow('nonexistent')).not.toThrow();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('minimizeWindow', () => {
+      it('should minimize specified window', () => {
+        manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+
+        manager.minimizeWindow('chat');
+
+        const browser = manager.browsers.get('chat');
+        expect(browser?.browserWindow.minimize).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('maximizeWindow', () => {
+      it('should maximize when not maximized', () => {
+        manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+        const browser = manager.browsers.get('chat');
+        browser!.browserWindow.isMaximized = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false);
+
+        manager.maximizeWindow('chat');
+
+        expect(browser?.browserWindow.maximize).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(browser?.browserWindow.unmaximize).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should unmaximize when already maximized', () => {
+        manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+        const browser = manager.browsers.get('chat');
+        browser!.browserWindow.isMaximized = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true);
+
+        manager.maximizeWindow('chat');
+
+        expect(browser?.browserWindow.unmaximize).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(browser?.browserWindow.maximize).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getIdentifierByWebContents', () => {
+    it('should return identifier for known webContents', () => {
+      const browser = manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+      const webContents = browser.browserWindow.webContents;
+
+      const identifier = manager.getIdentifierByWebContents(webContents as any);
+
+      expect(identifier).toBe('chat');
+    });
+
+    it('should return null for unknown webContents', () => {
+      const unknownWebContents = { id: 999 };
+
+      const identifier = manager.getIdentifierByWebContents(unknownWebContents as any);
+
+      expect(identifier).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('handleAppThemeChange', () => {
+    it('should notify all browsers of theme change', () => {
+      manager.retrieveByIdentifier('chat');
+      manager.retrieveByIdentifier('settings');
+
+      manager.handleAppThemeChange();
+
+      const chatBrowser = manager.browsers.get('chat');
+      const settingsBrowser = manager.browsers.get('settings');
+
+      expect(chatBrowser?.handleAppThemeChange).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(settingsBrowser?.handleAppThemeChange).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/infrastructure/__tests__/I18nManager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App as AppCore } from '../../App';
+import { I18nManager } from '../I18nManager';
+
+// Use vi.hoisted to define mocks before hoisting
+const { mockApp, mockI18nextInstance, mockLoadResources, mockCreateInstance } = vi.hoisted(() => {
+  const mockI18nextInstance = {
+    addResourceBundle: vi.fn(),
+    changeLanguage: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    init: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    language: 'en-US',
+    on: vi.fn(),
+    t: vi.fn().mockImplementation((key: string) => key),
+  };
+
+  const mockCreateInstance = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(mockI18nextInstance);
+
+  return {
+    mockApp: {
+      getLocale: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('en-US'),
+    },
+    mockCreateInstance,
+    mockI18nextInstance,
+    mockLoadResources: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ key: 'value' }),
+  };
+});
+
+// Mock electron app
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  app: mockApp,
+}));
+
+// Mock i18next
+vi.mock('i18next', () => ({
+  default: {
+    createInstance: mockCreateInstance,
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock loadResources
+vi.mock('@/locales/resources', () => ({
+  loadResources: mockLoadResources,
+}));
+
+describe('I18nManager', () => {
+  let manager: I18nManager;
+  let mockAppCore: AppCore;
+  let mockStoreManagerGet: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let mockRefreshMenus: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Reset i18next mock state
+    mockI18nextInstance.language = 'en-US';
+    mockI18nextInstance.t.mockImplementation((key: string) => key);
+    mockI18nextInstance.init.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    mockI18nextInstance.changeLanguage.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+    // Reset loadResources mock
+    mockLoadResources.mockResolvedValue({ key: 'value' });
+
+    // Reset electron app mock
+    mockApp.getLocale.mockReturnValue('en-US');
+
+    // Create mock App core
+    mockStoreManagerGet = vi.fn().mockReturnValue('auto');
+    mockRefreshMenus = vi.fn();
+
+    mockAppCore = {
+      menuManager: {
+        refreshMenus: mockRefreshMenus,
+      },
+      storeManager: {
+        get: mockStoreManagerGet,
+      },
+    } as unknown as AppCore;
+
+    manager = new I18nManager(mockAppCore);
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should create i18next instance', () => {
+      expect(mockCreateInstance).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('init', () => {
+    it('should initialize i18next with default settings', async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.init).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        defaultNS: 'menu',
+        fallbackLng: 'en-US',
+        initAsync: true,
+        interpolation: {
+          escapeValue: false,
+        },
+        lng: 'en-US',
+        ns: ['menu', 'dialog', 'common'],
+        partialBundledLanguages: true,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should use provided language parameter', async () => {
+      await manager.init('zh-CN');
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.init).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          lng: 'zh-CN',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should use stored locale when not auto', async () => {
+      mockStoreManagerGet.mockReturnValue('ja-JP');
+
+      await manager.init();
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.init).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          lng: 'ja-JP',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should use system locale when stored locale is auto', async () => {
+      mockStoreManagerGet.mockReturnValue('auto');
+      mockApp.getLocale.mockReturnValue('fr-FR');
+
+      await manager.init();
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.init).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          lng: 'fr-FR',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should skip initialization if already initialized', async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      await manager.init();
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.init).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should load locale resources after init', async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+
+      // Should load menu, dialog, common namespaces
+      expect(mockLoadResources).toHaveBeenCalledWith('en-US', 'menu');
+      expect(mockLoadResources).toHaveBeenCalledWith('en-US', 'dialog');
+      expect(mockLoadResources).toHaveBeenCalledWith('en-US', 'common');
+    });
+
+    it('should refresh main UI after init', async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+
+      expect(mockRefreshMenus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should register languageChanged listener', async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('languageChanged', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('t', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+    });
+
+    it('should call i18next t function', () => {
+      mockI18nextInstance.t.mockReturnValue('translated');
+
+      const result = manager.t('test.key');
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.t).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test.key', undefined);
+      expect(result).toBe('translated');
+    });
+
+    it('should pass options to i18next', () => {
+      mockI18nextInstance.t.mockReturnValue('translated with options');
+
+      const result = manager.t('test.key', { count: 5 });
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.t).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test.key', { count: 5 });
+      expect(result).toBe('translated with options');
+    });
+
+    it('should warn when translation key is not found', () => {
+      // When translation is not found, i18next returns the key itself
+      mockI18nextInstance.t.mockImplementation((key: string) => key);
+
+      manager.t('missing.key');
+
+      // The warn should be logged (we can't verify the log content with our mock setup)
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.t).toHaveBeenCalledWith('missing.key', undefined);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('createNamespacedT', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+    });
+
+    it('should return a function that adds namespace to options', () => {
+      mockI18nextInstance.t.mockReturnValue('namespaced translation');
+
+      const menuT = manager.createNamespacedT('menu');
+      const result = menuT('test.key');
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.t).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test.key', { ns: 'menu' });
+      expect(result).toBe('namespaced translation');
+    });
+
+    it('should merge provided options with namespace', () => {
+      mockI18nextInstance.t.mockReturnValue('merged translation');
+
+      const menuT = manager.createNamespacedT('dialog');
+      const result = menuT('test.key', { count: 3 });
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.t).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test.key', { count: 3, ns: 'dialog' });
+      expect(result).toBe('merged translation');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('ns', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+    });
+
+    it('should be an alias for createNamespacedT', () => {
+      mockI18nextInstance.t.mockReturnValue('ns translation');
+
+      const dialogT = manager.ns('dialog');
+      const result = dialogT('test.key');
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.t).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test.key', { ns: 'dialog' });
+      expect(result).toBe('ns translation');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getCurrentLanguage', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+    });
+
+    it('should return current i18next language', () => {
+      mockI18nextInstance.language = 'de-DE';
+
+      expect(manager.getCurrentLanguage()).toBe('de-DE');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('changeLanguage', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+    });
+
+    it('should call i18next changeLanguage', async () => {
+      await manager.changeLanguage('zh-CN');
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.changeLanguage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('zh-CN');
+    });
+
+    it('should initialize if not already initialized', async () => {
+      // Create a new manager that is not initialized
+      const uninitializedManager = new I18nManager(mockAppCore);
+
+      await uninitializedManager.changeLanguage('zh-CN');
+
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.init).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.changeLanguage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('zh-CN');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('handleLanguageChanged', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+    });
+
+    it('should load locale and refresh UI on language change', async () => {
+      // Get the languageChanged handler
+      const languageChangedHandler = mockI18nextInstance.on.mock.calls.find(
+        (call) => call[0] === 'languageChanged',
+      )?.[1];
+
+      expect(languageChangedHandler).toBeDefined();
+
+      // Clear mocks to check only the handler's behavior
+      mockLoadResources.mockClear();
+      mockRefreshMenus.mockClear();
+
+      // Trigger language change
+      await languageChangedHandler('ja-JP');
+
+      // Should load resources for new language
+      expect(mockLoadResources).toHaveBeenCalledWith('ja-JP', 'menu');
+      expect(mockLoadResources).toHaveBeenCalledWith('ja-JP', 'dialog');
+      expect(mockLoadResources).toHaveBeenCalledWith('ja-JP', 'common');
+
+      // Should refresh menus
+      expect(mockRefreshMenus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('loadNamespace', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await manager.init();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it('should load resources and add to i18next', async () => {
+      mockLoadResources.mockResolvedValue({ hello: 'world' });
+
+      // Access private method
+      const result = await manager['loadNamespace']('en-US', 'menu');
+
+      expect(mockLoadResources).toHaveBeenCalledWith('en-US', 'menu');
+      expect(mockI18nextInstance.addResourceBundle).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'en-US',
+        'menu',
+        { hello: 'world' },
+        true,
+        true,
+      );
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false on error', async () => {
+      mockLoadResources.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Load failed'));
+
+      const result = await manager['loadNamespace']('en-US', 'menu');
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/infrastructure/__tests__/IoCContainer.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import { IoCContainer } from '../IoCContainer';
+
+describe('IoCContainer', () => {
+  // Sample class targets for testing WeakMap storage
+  class TestController {}
+  class AnotherController {}
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    // Reset static WeakMaps by creating new instances
+    // WeakMaps can't be cleared, but we can verify they work correctly
+    // For each test, use fresh class instances
+  });
+
+  describe('controllers WeakMap', () => {
+    it('should store controller metadata', () => {
+      const metadata = [{ methodName: 'handleMessage', mode: 'client' as const, name: 'message' }];
+
+      IoCContainer.controllers.set(TestController, metadata);
+
+      expect(IoCContainer.controllers.get(TestController)).toEqual(metadata);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow multiple controllers', () => {
+      const metadata1 = [{ methodName: 'method1', mode: 'client' as const, name: 'action1' }];
+      const metadata2 = [{ methodName: 'method2', mode: 'server' as const, name: 'action2' }];
+
+      IoCContainer.controllers.set(TestController, metadata1);
+      IoCContainer.controllers.set(AnotherController, metadata2);
+
+      expect(IoCContainer.controllers.get(TestController)).toEqual(metadata1);
+      expect(IoCContainer.controllers.get(AnotherController)).toEqual(metadata2);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow overwriting controller metadata', () => {
+      const oldMetadata = [{ methodName: 'oldMethod', mode: 'client' as const, name: 'old' }];
+      const newMetadata = [{ methodName: 'newMethod', mode: 'server' as const, name: 'new' }];
+
+      IoCContainer.controllers.set(TestController, oldMetadata);
+      IoCContainer.controllers.set(TestController, newMetadata);
+
+      expect(IoCContainer.controllers.get(TestController)).toEqual(newMetadata);
+    });
+
+    it('should support multiple methods per controller', () => {
+      const metadata = [
+        { methodName: 'method1', mode: 'client' as const, name: 'action1' },
+        { methodName: 'method2', mode: 'server' as const, name: 'action2' },
+        { methodName: 'method3', mode: 'client' as const, name: 'action3' },
+      ];
+
+      IoCContainer.controllers.set(TestController, metadata);
+
+      const stored = IoCContainer.controllers.get(TestController);
+      expect(stored).toHaveLength(3);
+      expect(stored?.[0].mode).toBe('client');
+      expect(stored?.[1].mode).toBe('server');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('shortcuts WeakMap', () => {
+    it('should store shortcut metadata', () => {
+      const metadata = [{ methodName: 'toggleDarkMode', name: 'CmdOrCtrl+Shift+D' }];
+
+      IoCContainer.shortcuts.set(TestController, metadata);
+
+      expect(IoCContainer.shortcuts.get(TestController)).toEqual(metadata);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow multiple shortcuts per class', () => {
+      const metadata = [
+        { methodName: 'toggleDarkMode', name: 'CmdOrCtrl+Shift+D' },
+        { methodName: 'openSettings', name: 'CmdOrCtrl+,' },
+        { methodName: 'newChat', name: 'CmdOrCtrl+N' },
+      ];
+
+      IoCContainer.shortcuts.set(TestController, metadata);
+
+      const stored = IoCContainer.shortcuts.get(TestController);
+      expect(stored).toHaveLength(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined for unregistered class', () => {
+      class UnregisteredClass {}
+
+      expect(IoCContainer.shortcuts.get(UnregisteredClass)).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('protocolHandlers WeakMap', () => {
+    it('should store protocol handler metadata', () => {
+      const metadata = [{ action: 'install', methodName: 'handleInstall', urlType: 'plugin' }];
+
+      IoCContainer.protocolHandlers.set(TestController, metadata);
+
+      expect(IoCContainer.protocolHandlers.get(TestController)).toEqual(metadata);
+    });
+
+    it('should support multiple protocol handlers', () => {
+      const metadata = [
+        { action: 'install', methodName: 'handleInstall', urlType: 'plugin' },
+        { action: 'uninstall', methodName: 'handleUninstall', urlType: 'plugin' },
+        { action: 'open', methodName: 'handleOpen', urlType: 'chat' },
+      ];
+
+      IoCContainer.protocolHandlers.set(TestController, metadata);
+
+      const stored = IoCContainer.protocolHandlers.get(TestController);
+      expect(stored).toHaveLength(3);
+      expect(stored?.map((h) => h.urlType)).toContain('plugin');
+      expect(stored?.map((h) => h.urlType)).toContain('chat');
+    });
+
+    it('should allow different classes to have different handlers', () => {
+      const metadata1 = [{ action: 'install', methodName: 'handleInstall', urlType: 'plugin' }];
+      const metadata2 = [{ action: 'open', methodName: 'handleOpen', urlType: 'chat' }];
+
+      IoCContainer.protocolHandlers.set(TestController, metadata1);
+      IoCContainer.protocolHandlers.set(AnotherController, metadata2);
+
+      expect(IoCContainer.protocolHandlers.get(TestController)?.[0].urlType).toBe('plugin');
+      expect(IoCContainer.protocolHandlers.get(AnotherController)?.[0].urlType).toBe('chat');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('init', () => {
+    it('should be callable without error', () => {
+      const container = new IoCContainer();
+
+      expect(() => container.init()).not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined', () => {
+      const container = new IoCContainer();
+
+      const result = container.init();
+
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('static properties', () => {
+    it('should have controllers as a WeakMap', () => {
+      expect(IoCContainer.controllers).toBeInstanceOf(WeakMap);
+    });
+
+    it('should have shortcuts as a WeakMap', () => {
+      expect(IoCContainer.shortcuts).toBeInstanceOf(WeakMap);
+    });
+
+    it('should have protocolHandlers as a WeakMap', () => {
+      expect(IoCContainer.protocolHandlers).toBeInstanceOf(WeakMap);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/infrastructure/__tests__/ProtocolManager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+import { app } from 'electron';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { getProtocolScheme, parseProtocolUrl } from '@/utils/protocol';
+
+import type { App as AppCore } from '../../App';
+import { ProtocolManager } from '../ProtocolManager';
+
+// Use vi.hoisted to define mocks before hoisting
+const { mockApp, mockGetProtocolScheme, mockParseProtocolUrl } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  mockApp: {
+    getPath: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('/mock/exe/path'),
+    isDefaultProtocolClient: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+    isReady: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+    name: 'LobeHub',
+    on: vi.fn(),
+    setAsDefaultProtocolClient: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+  },
+  mockGetProtocolScheme: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('lobehub'),
+  mockParseProtocolUrl: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// Mock electron app
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  app: mockApp,
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock protocol utils
+vi.mock('@/utils/protocol', () => ({
+  getProtocolScheme: mockGetProtocolScheme,
+  parseProtocolUrl: mockParseProtocolUrl,
+}));
+
+// Mock isDev
+vi.mock('@/const/env', () => ({
+  isDev: false,
+}));
+
+describe('ProtocolManager', () => {
+  let manager: ProtocolManager;
+  let mockAppCore: AppCore;
+  let mockShowMainWindow: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let mockHandleProtocolRequest: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+  // Store event handlers
+  let openUrlHandler: ((event: any, url: string) => void) | undefined;
+  let secondInstanceHandler: ((event: any, commandLine: string[]) => void) | undefined;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Reset electron app mock
+    mockApp.isDefaultProtocolClient.mockReturnValue(true);
+    mockApp.setAsDefaultProtocolClient.mockReturnValue(true);
+    mockApp.isReady.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+    // Capture event handlers
+    openUrlHandler = undefined;
+    secondInstanceHandler = undefined;
+    mockApp.on.mockImplementation((event: string, handler: any) => {
+      if (event === 'open-url') {
+        openUrlHandler = handler;
+      } else if (event === 'second-instance') {
+        secondInstanceHandler = handler;
+      }
+      return mockApp;
+    });
+
+    // Reset protocol utils mock
+    mockGetProtocolScheme.mockReturnValue('lobehub');
+    mockParseProtocolUrl.mockReturnValue({
+      action: 'install',
+      params: { url: 'https://example.com' },
+      urlType: 'plugin',
+    });
+
+    // Create mock App core
+    mockShowMainWindow = vi.fn();
+    mockHandleProtocolRequest = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+    mockAppCore = {
+      browserManager: {
+        showMainWindow: mockShowMainWindow,
+      },
+      handleProtocolRequest: mockHandleProtocolRequest,
+    } as unknown as AppCore;
+
+    manager = new ProtocolManager(mockAppCore);
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should initialize with protocol scheme from getProtocolScheme', () => {
+      expect(getProtocolScheme).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(manager.getScheme()).toBe('lobehub');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('initialize', () => {
+    it('should register protocol handlers', () => {
+      manager.initialize();
+
+      expect(app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith('lobehub');
+    });
+
+    it('should set up event listeners', () => {
+      manager.initialize();
+
+      expect(app.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('open-url', expect.any(Function));
+      expect(app.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('second-instance', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('protocol registration', () => {
+    it('should use simple registration in production mode', () => {
+      manager.initialize();
+
+      expect(app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith('lobehub');
+    });
+
+    it('should use explicit parameters in development mode', async () => {
+      vi.doMock('@/const/env', () => ({ isDev: true }));
+      vi.resetModules();
+
+      const { ProtocolManager: DevProtocolManager } = await import('../ProtocolManager');
+      const devManager = new DevProtocolManager(mockAppCore);
+      devManager.initialize();
+
+      // In dev mode, should be called with additional arguments
+      expect(app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'lobehub',
+        expect.any(String),
+        expect.any(Array),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should verify registration status after registering', () => {
+      manager.initialize();
+
+      expect(app.isDefaultProtocolClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith('lobehub');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getProtocolUrlFromArgs', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      manager.initialize();
+    });
+
+    it('should extract protocol URL from command line arguments', () => {
+      // Access private method through prototype
+      const result = manager['getProtocolUrlFromArgs']([
+        '/path/to/app',
+        'lobehub://plugin/install?url=https://example.com',
+      ]);
+
+      expect(result).toBe('lobehub://plugin/install?url=https://example.com');
+    });
+
+    it('should return null when no matching URL found', () => {
+      const result = manager['getProtocolUrlFromArgs'](['/path/to/app', '--some-flag']);
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should return first matching URL when multiple exist', () => {
+      const result = manager['getProtocolUrlFromArgs']([
+        'lobehub://first/action',
+        'lobehub://second/action',
+      ]);
+
+      expect(result).toBe('lobehub://first/action');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('handleProtocolUrl', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      manager.initialize();
+    });
+
+    it('should store URL when app is not ready', () => {
+      mockApp.isReady.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      manager['handleProtocolUrl']('lobehub://plugin/install');
+
+      expect(manager['pendingUrls']).toContain('lobehub://plugin/install');
+      expect(mockShowMainWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should process URL immediately when app is ready', async () => {
+      mockApp.isReady.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      manager['handleProtocolUrl']('lobehub://plugin/install');
+
+      // Allow async processing
+      await vi.waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockShowMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should ignore URLs with invalid protocol scheme', async () => {
+      mockApp.isReady.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      manager['handleProtocolUrl']('invalid://plugin/install');
+
+      await Promise.resolve(); // Allow any async work
+
+      expect(mockHandleProtocolRequest).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('event listeners', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      manager.initialize();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle open-url event', async () => {
+      expect(openUrlHandler).toBeDefined();
+
+      const mockEvent = { preventDefault: vi.fn() };
+      openUrlHandler!(mockEvent, 'lobehub://plugin/install');
+
+      expect(mockEvent.preventDefault).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      await vi.waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockShowMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle second-instance event with protocol URL', async () => {
+      expect(secondInstanceHandler).toBeDefined();
+
+      const mockEvent = {};
+      secondInstanceHandler!(mockEvent, ['/path/to/app', 'lobehub://plugin/install']);
+
+      await vi.waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockShowMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should show main window even without protocol URL in second-instance', () => {
+      expect(secondInstanceHandler).toBeDefined();
+
+      const mockEvent = {};
+      secondInstanceHandler!(mockEvent, ['/path/to/app', '--some-flag']);
+
+      expect(mockShowMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('processPendingUrls', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      manager.initialize();
+    });
+
+    it('should process all pending URLs', async () => {
+      // Add pending URLs
+      manager['pendingUrls'] = ['lobehub://action1', 'lobehub://action2'];
+
+      await manager.processPendingUrls();
+
+      // Should have shown main window for each URL
+      expect(mockShowMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should clear pending URLs after processing', async () => {
+      manager['pendingUrls'] = ['lobehub://action1'];
+
+      await manager.processPendingUrls();
+
+      expect(manager['pendingUrls']).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should skip when no pending URLs', async () => {
+      manager['pendingUrls'] = [];
+
+      await manager.processPendingUrls();
+
+      expect(mockShowMainWindow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getScheme', () => {
+    it('should return the protocol scheme', () => {
+      expect(manager.getScheme()).toBe('lobehub');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isRegistered', () => {
+    it('should return true when registered', () => {
+      mockApp.isDefaultProtocolClient.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      expect(manager.isRegistered()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when not registered', () => {
+      mockApp.isDefaultProtocolClient.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      expect(manager.isRegistered()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('processProtocolUrl', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      manager.initialize();
+    });
+
+    it('should show main window and dispatch to handler', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(parseProtocolUrl).mockReturnValue({
+        action: 'install',
+        originalUrl: 'lobehub://plugin/install?url=https://example.com',
+        params: { url: 'https://example.com' },
+        urlType: 'plugin',
+      });
+
+      await manager['processProtocolUrl']('lobehub://plugin/install');
+
+      expect(mockShowMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockHandleProtocolRequest).toHaveBeenCalledWith('plugin', 'install', {
+        url: 'https://example.com',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should warn and return when parseProtocolUrl returns null', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(parseProtocolUrl).mockReturnValue(null);
+
+      await manager['processProtocolUrl']('lobehub://invalid');
+
+      expect(mockShowMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockHandleProtocolRequest).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors gracefully', async () => {
+      mockHandleProtocolRequest.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Handler error'));
+
+      // Should not throw
+      await expect(
+        manager['processProtocolUrl']('lobehub://plugin/install'),
+      ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/infrastructure/__tests__/StaticFileServerManager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+import { getPort } from 'get-port-please';
+import { createServer } from 'node:http';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '../../App';
+import { StaticFileServerManager } from '../StaticFileServerManager';
+
+// Mock get-port-please
+vi.mock('get-port-please', () => ({
+  getPort: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(33250),
+}));
+
+// Create mock server and handler storage
+const mockServerHandler = { current: null as any };
+const mockServer = {
+  close: vi.fn((cb?: () => void) => cb?.()),
+  listen: vi.fn((_port: number, _host: string, cb: () => void) => cb()),
+  on: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+// Mock node:http
+vi.mock('node:http', () => ({
+  createServer: vi.fn((handler: any) => {
+    mockServerHandler.current = handler;
+    return mockServer;
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock LOCAL_STORAGE_URL_PREFIX
+vi.mock('@/const/dir', () => ({
+  LOCAL_STORAGE_URL_PREFIX: '/lobe-desktop-file',
+}));
+
+describe('StaticFileServerManager', () => {
+  let manager: StaticFileServerManager;
+  let mockApp: App;
+  let mockFileService: { getFile: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Reset server handler
+    mockServerHandler.current = null;
+
+    // Reset getPort mock to default behavior
+    vi.mocked(getPort).mockResolvedValue(33250);
+
+    // Reset server mock behaviors
+    mockServer.listen.mockImplementation((_port: number, _host: string, cb: () => void) => cb());
+    mockServer.close.mockImplementation((cb?: () => void) => cb?.());
+    mockServer.on.mockReset();
+
+    // Create mock FileService
+    mockFileService = {
+      getFile: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        content: new ArrayBuffer(10),
+        mimeType: 'image/png',
+      }),
+    };
+
+    // Create mock App
+    mockApp = {
+      getService: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(mockFileService),
+    } as unknown as App;
+
+    manager = new StaticFileServerManager(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    // Ensure cleanup
+    if ((manager as any).isInitialized) {
+      manager.destroy();
+    }
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should initialize with app reference and get FileService', () => {
+      expect(mockApp.getService).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('initialize', () => {
+    it('should get available port and start HTTP server', async () => {
+      await manager.initialize();
+
+      expect(getPort).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        host: '127.0.0.1',
+        port: 33_250,
+        ports: [33_251, 33_252, 33_253, 33_254, 33_255],
+      });
+      expect(createServer).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockServer.listen).toHaveBeenCalledWith(33250, '127.0.0.1', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+
+    it('should skip initialization if already initialized', async () => {
+      await manager.initialize();
+
+      // Clear mocks after first initialization
+      vi.mocked(getPort).mockClear();
+      vi.mocked(createServer).mockClear();
+
+      await manager.initialize();
+
+      expect(getPort).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(createServer).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error when port acquisition fails', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('No available port');
+      vi.mocked(getPort).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await expect(manager.initialize()).rejects.toThrow('No available port');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle server startup error', async () => {
+      const serverError = new Error('Address in use');
+
+      // Mock server.on to capture error handler
+      let errorHandler: ((err: Error) => void) | undefined;
+      mockServer.on.mockImplementation((event: string, handler: any) => {
+        if (event === 'error') {
+          errorHandler = handler;
+        }
+        return mockServer;
+      });
+
+      // Mock listen to not call callback but trigger error
+      mockServer.listen.mockImplementation(() => {
+        // Trigger error after a tick
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          if (errorHandler) {
+            errorHandler(serverError);
+          }
+        }, 0);
+        return mockServer;
+      });
+
+      await expect(manager.initialize()).rejects.toThrow('Address in use');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('HTTP request handling', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      // Reset mock server behavior
+      mockServer.listen.mockImplementation((_port, _host, cb) => cb());
+      await manager.initialize();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle OPTIONS request with CORS headers', async () => {
+      const req = {
+        headers: { origin: 'http://localhost:3000' },
+        method: 'OPTIONS',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/lobe-desktop-file/test.png',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(204, {
+        'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'Content-Type',
+        'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': 'GET, OPTIONS',
+        'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': 'http://localhost:3000',
+        'Access-Control-Max-Age': '86400',
+      });
+      expect(res.end).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should serve file with correct content type and CORS headers', async () => {
+      const fileContent = new ArrayBuffer(100);
+      mockFileService.getFile.mockResolvedValue({
+        content: fileContent,
+        mimeType: 'image/jpeg',
+      });
+
+      const req = {
+        headers: { origin: 'http://127.0.0.1:3000' },
+        method: 'GET',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/lobe-desktop-file/images/test.jpg',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(mockFileService.getFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('desktop://images/test.jpg');
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(200, {
+        'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': 'http://127.0.0.1:3000',
+        'Cache-Control': 'public, max-age=31536000',
+        'Content-Length': expect.any(Number),
+        'Content-Type': 'image/jpeg',
+      });
+      expect(res.end).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should return 400 for empty file path', async () => {
+      const req = {
+        headers: {},
+        method: 'GET',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/lobe-desktop-file/',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(400, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' });
+      expect(res.end).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Bad Request: Empty file path');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 404 when file not found', async () => {
+      const notFoundError = new Error('File not found');
+      notFoundError.name = 'FileNotFoundError';
+      mockFileService.getFile.mockRejectedValue(notFoundError);
+
+      const req = {
+        headers: { origin: 'http://localhost:3000' },
+        method: 'GET',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/lobe-desktop-file/nonexistent.png',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(404, {
+        'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': 'http://localhost:3000',
+        'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
+      });
+      expect(res.end).toHaveBeenCalledWith('File Not Found');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 500 for server errors', async () => {
+      mockFileService.getFile.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Database error'));
+
+      const req = {
+        headers: {},
+        method: 'GET',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/lobe-desktop-file/test.png',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(500, {
+        'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
+        'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
+      });
+      expect(res.end).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Internal Server Error');
+    });
+
+    it('should skip processing if response is already destroyed', async () => {
+      const req = {
+        headers: {},
+        method: 'GET',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/lobe-desktop-file/test.png',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: true,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(res.end).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockFileService.getFile).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle URL-encoded file paths', async () => {
+      const req = {
+        headers: {},
+        method: 'GET',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/lobe-desktop-file/path%20with%20spaces/file%20name.png',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(mockFileService.getFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'desktop://path with spaces/file name.png',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('CORS handling', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      mockServer.listen.mockImplementation((_port, _host, cb) => cb());
+      await manager.initialize();
+    });
+
+    it('should return specific origin for localhost', async () => {
+      const req = {
+        headers: { origin: 'http://localhost:3000' },
+        method: 'OPTIONS',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/test',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        204,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': 'http://localhost:3000',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return specific origin for 127.0.0.1', async () => {
+      const req = {
+        headers: { origin: 'http://127.0.0.1:8080' },
+        method: 'OPTIONS',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/test',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        204,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return * for other origins', async () => {
+      const req = {
+        headers: { origin: 'https://example.com' },
+        method: 'OPTIONS',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/test',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        204,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return * for no origin', async () => {
+      const req = {
+        headers: {},
+        method: 'OPTIONS',
+        on: vi.fn(),
+        setTimeout: vi.fn(),
+        url: '/test',
+      };
+      const res = {
+        destroyed: false,
+        end: vi.fn(),
+        headersSent: false,
+        writeHead: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      await mockServerHandler.current(req, res);
+
+      expect(res.writeHead).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        204,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getFileServerDomain', () => {
+    it('should return correct domain when initialized', async () => {
+      mockServer.listen.mockImplementation((_port, _host, cb) => cb());
+      await manager.initialize();
+
+      const domain = manager.getFileServerDomain();
+
+      expect(domain).toBe('http://127.0.0.1:33250');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error when not initialized', () => {
+      expect(() => manager.getFileServerDomain()).toThrow(
+        'StaticFileServerManager not initialized or server not started',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('destroy', () => {
+    it('should close server and reset state', async () => {
+      mockServer.listen.mockImplementation((_port, _host, cb) => cb());
+      await manager.initialize();
+
+      manager.destroy();
+
+      expect(mockServer.close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect((manager as any).httpServer).toBeNull();
+      expect((manager as any).serverPort).toBe(0);
+      expect((manager as any).isInitialized).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should do nothing if not initialized', () => {
+      manager.destroy();
+
+      expect(mockServer.close).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/infrastructure/__tests__/StoreManager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App as AppCore } from '../../App';
+import { StoreManager } from '../StoreManager';
+
+// Use vi.hoisted to define mocks before hoisting
+const { mockStoreInstance, mockMakeSureDirExist, MockStore } = vi.hoisted(() => {
+  const mockStoreInstance = {
+    clear: vi.fn(),
+    delete: vi.fn(),
+    get: vi.fn().mockImplementation((key: string, defaultValue?: any) => {
+      if (key === 'storagePath') return '/mock/storage/path';
+      return defaultValue;
+    }),
+    has: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+    openInEditor: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    set: vi.fn(),
+  };
+
+  const MockStore = vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => mockStoreInstance);
+
+  return {
+    MockStore,
+    mockMakeSureDirExist: vi.fn(),
+    mockStoreInstance,
+  };
+});
+
+// Mock electron-store
+vi.mock('electron-store', () => ({
+  default: MockStore,
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock file-system utils
+vi.mock('@/utils/file-system', () => ({
+  makeSureDirExist: mockMakeSureDirExist,
+}));
+
+// Mock store constants
+vi.mock('@/const/store', () => ({
+  STORE_DEFAULTS: {
+    locale: 'auto',
+    storagePath: '/default/storage/path',
+  },
+  STORE_NAME: 'test-config',
+}));
+
+describe('StoreManager', () => {
+  let manager: StoreManager;
+  let mockAppCore: AppCore;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Reset store mock behaviors
+    mockStoreInstance.get.mockImplementation((key: string, defaultValue?: any) => {
+      if (key === 'storagePath') return '/mock/storage/path';
+      return defaultValue;
+    });
+    mockStoreInstance.has.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+    // Create mock App core
+    mockAppCore = {} as unknown as AppCore;
+
+    manager = new StoreManager(mockAppCore);
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should create electron-store with correct options', () => {
+      expect(MockStore).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        defaults: {
+          locale: 'auto',
+          storagePath: '/default/storage/path',
+        },
+        name: 'test-config',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should ensure storage directory exists', () => {
+      expect(mockMakeSureDirExist).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/mock/storage/path');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('get', () => {
+    it('should call store.get with key', () => {
+      mockStoreInstance.get.mockReturnValue('test-value');
+
+      const result = manager.get('locale' as any);
+
+      expect(mockStoreInstance.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('locale', undefined);
+      expect(result).toBe('test-value');
+    });
+
+    it('should call store.get with key and default value', () => {
+      mockStoreInstance.get.mockImplementation((_key: string, defaultValue?: any) => defaultValue);
+
+      const result = manager.get('locale' as any, 'en-US' as any);
+
+      expect(mockStoreInstance.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('locale', 'en-US');
+      expect(result).toBe('en-US');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('set', () => {
+    it('should call store.set with key and value', () => {
+      manager.set('locale' as any, 'zh-CN' as any);
+
+      expect(mockStoreInstance.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith('locale', 'zh-CN');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('delete', () => {
+    it('should call store.delete with key', () => {
+      manager.delete('locale' as any);
+
+      expect(mockStoreInstance.delete).toHaveBeenCalledWith('locale');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('clear', () => {
+    it('should call store.clear', () => {
+      manager.clear();
+
+      expect(mockStoreInstance.clear).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('has', () => {
+    it('should return true when key exists', () => {
+      mockStoreInstance.has.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      const result = manager.has('locale' as any);
+
+      expect(mockStoreInstance.has).toHaveBeenCalledWith('locale');
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when key does not exist', () => {
+      mockStoreInstance.has.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      const result = manager.has('nonExistent' as any);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('openInEditor', () => {
+    it('should call store.openInEditor', async () => {
+      await manager.openInEditor();
+
+      expect(mockStoreInstance.openInEditor).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/infrastructure/__tests__/UpdaterManager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,513 @@
+import { autoUpdater } from 'electron-updater';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App as AppCore } from '../../App';
+import { UpdaterManager } from '../UpdaterManager';
+
+// Use vi.hoisted to ensure mocks work with require()
+const { mockGetAllWindows, mockReleaseSingleInstanceLock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  mockGetAllWindows: vi.fn().mockReturnValue([]),
+  mockReleaseSingleInstanceLock: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// Mock electron-log
+vi.mock('electron-log', () => ({
+  default: {
+    transports: {
+      file: {
+        level: 'info',
+        getFile: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ path: '/mock/log/path' }),
+      },
+    },
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock electron-updater
+vi.mock('electron-updater', () => ({
+  autoUpdater: {
+    allowDowngrade: false,
+    allowPrerelease: false,
+    autoDownload: false,
+    autoInstallOnAppQuit: false,
+    channel: 'stable',
+    checkForUpdates: vi.fn(),
+    downloadUpdate: vi.fn(),
+    forceDevUpdateConfig: false,
+    logger: null as any,
+    on: vi.fn(),
+    quitAndInstall: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock electron - uses hoisted functions for require() compatibility
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  BrowserWindow: {
+    getAllWindows: mockGetAllWindows,
+  },
+  app: {
+    releaseSingleInstanceLock: mockReleaseSingleInstanceLock,
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock updater configs
+vi.mock('@/modules/updater/configs', () => ({
+  UPDATE_CHANNEL: 'stable',
+  updaterConfig: {
+    app: {
+      autoCheckUpdate: false,
+      autoDownloadUpdate: true,
+      checkUpdateInterval: 60 * 60 * 1000,
+    },
+    enableAppUpdate: true,
+    enableRenderHotUpdate: true,
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock isDev
+vi.mock('@/const/env', () => ({
+  isDev: false,
+}));
+
+describe('UpdaterManager', () => {
+  let updaterManager: UpdaterManager;
+  let mockApp: AppCore;
+  let mockBroadcast: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let registeredEvents: Map<string, (...args: any[]) => void>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+
+    // Reset autoUpdater state
+    (autoUpdater as any).autoDownload = false;
+    (autoUpdater as any).autoInstallOnAppQuit = false;
+    (autoUpdater as any).channel = 'stable';
+    (autoUpdater as any).allowPrerelease = false;
+    (autoUpdater as any).allowDowngrade = false;
+    (autoUpdater as any).forceDevUpdateConfig = false;
+
+    // Capture registered events
+    registeredEvents = new Map();
+    vi.mocked(autoUpdater.on).mockImplementation((event: string, handler: any) => {
+      registeredEvents.set(event, handler);
+      return autoUpdater;
+    });
+
+    // Mock broadcast function
+    mockBroadcast = vi.fn();
+
+    // Create mock App
+    mockApp = {
+      browserManager: {
+        getMainWindow: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+          broadcast: mockBroadcast,
+        }),
+      },
+      isQuiting: false,
+    } as unknown as AppCore;
+
+    updaterManager = new UpdaterManager(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should set up electron-log for autoUpdater', () => {
+      expect(autoUpdater.logger).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('initialize', () => {
+    it('should configure autoUpdater properties', async () => {
+      await updaterManager.initialize();
+
+      expect(autoUpdater.autoDownload).toBe(false);
+      expect(autoUpdater.autoInstallOnAppQuit).toBe(false);
+      expect(autoUpdater.channel).toBe('stable');
+      expect(autoUpdater.allowPrerelease).toBe(false);
+      expect(autoUpdater.allowDowngrade).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should register all event listeners', async () => {
+      await updaterManager.initialize();
+
+      expect(autoUpdater.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('checking-for-update', expect.any(Function));
+      expect(autoUpdater.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('update-available', expect.any(Function));
+      expect(autoUpdater.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('update-not-available', expect.any(Function));
+      expect(autoUpdater.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('error', expect.any(Function));
+      expect(autoUpdater.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('download-progress', expect.any(Function));
+      expect(autoUpdater.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('update-downloaded', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('checkForUpdates', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await updaterManager.initialize();
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+    });
+
+    it('should call autoUpdater.checkForUpdates', async () => {
+      await updaterManager.checkForUpdates();
+
+      expect(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should broadcast manualUpdateCheckStart when manual check', async () => {
+      await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: true });
+
+      expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('manualUpdateCheckStart');
+    });
+
+    it('should not broadcast when auto check', async () => {
+      await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: false });
+
+      expect(mockBroadcast).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('manualUpdateCheckStart');
+    });
+
+    it('should ignore duplicate check requests while checking', async () => {
+      // Start first check but don't resolve
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockImplementation(
+        () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000)) as any,
+      );
+
+      const firstCheck = updaterManager.checkForUpdates();
+      const secondCheck = updaterManager.checkForUpdates();
+
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+      await Promise.all([firstCheck, secondCheck]);
+
+      expect(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should broadcast updateError when check fails during manual check', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('Network error');
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: true });
+
+      expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateError', 'Network error');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('downloadUpdate', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await updaterManager.initialize();
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).mockResolvedValue([] as any);
+
+      // Simulate update available
+      const updateAvailableHandler = registeredEvents.get('update-available');
+      updateAvailableHandler?.({ version: '2.0.0' });
+    });
+
+    it('should call autoUpdater.downloadUpdate', async () => {
+      await updaterManager.downloadUpdate();
+
+      expect(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should ignore download request when no update available', async () => {
+      // Create fresh manager without update available
+      const freshManager = new UpdaterManager(mockApp);
+      await freshManager.initialize();
+
+      await freshManager.downloadUpdate();
+
+      // Reset call count since downloadUpdate might have been called in beforeEach
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).mockClear();
+      await freshManager.downloadUpdate();
+
+      // downloadUpdate should not be called on autoUpdater for fresh manager
+      expect(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should ignore duplicate download requests while downloading', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).mockImplementation(
+        () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000)) as any,
+      );
+
+      const firstDownload = updaterManager.downloadUpdate();
+      const secondDownload = updaterManager.downloadUpdate();
+
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+      await Promise.all([firstDownload, secondDownload]);
+
+      expect(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should broadcast updateDownloadStart when isManualCheck is true', async () => {
+      // Create a fresh manager to avoid state pollution from beforeEach
+      const freshManager = new UpdaterManager(mockApp);
+
+      // Setup fresh event capture
+      const freshEvents = new Map<string, (...args: any[]) => void>();
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.on).mockImplementation((event: string, handler: any) => {
+        freshEvents.set(event, handler);
+        return autoUpdater;
+      });
+      await freshManager.initialize();
+
+      // Trigger a manual check to set isManualCheck = true
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+      await freshManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: true });
+
+      // Manually set updateAvailable without triggering auto-download
+      // Access private property to set state
+      (freshManager as any).updateAvailable = true;
+
+      // Clear previous broadcast calls
+      mockBroadcast.mockClear();
+
+      // Now download should broadcast updateDownloadStart because isManualCheck is true
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).mockResolvedValue([] as any);
+      await freshManager.downloadUpdate();
+
+      expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateDownloadStart');
+    });
+
+    it('should broadcast updateError when download fails with isManualCheck true', async () => {
+      // Create a fresh manager to avoid state pollution from beforeEach
+      const freshManager = new UpdaterManager(mockApp);
+
+      // Setup fresh event capture
+      const freshEvents = new Map<string, (...args: any[]) => void>();
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.on).mockImplementation((event: string, handler: any) => {
+        freshEvents.set(event, handler);
+        return autoUpdater;
+      });
+      await freshManager.initialize();
+
+      // Trigger a manual check to set isManualCheck = true
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+      await freshManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: true });
+
+      // Manually set updateAvailable without triggering auto-download
+      (freshManager as any).updateAvailable = true;
+
+      // Clear previous broadcast calls
+      mockBroadcast.mockClear();
+
+      // Setup error
+      const error = new Error('Download failed');
+      vi.mocked(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await freshManager.downloadUpdate();
+
+      expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateError', 'Download failed');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('installNow', () => {
+    // Note: installNow uses require('electron') which is difficult to mock in vitest.
+    // These tests are skipped because vi.mock doesn't work with dynamic require().
+    // The functionality should be tested in integration tests or E2E tests.
+
+    it.skip('should set app.isQuiting to true', () => {
+      updaterManager.installNow();
+      expect(mockApp.isQuiting).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it.skip('should close all windows', () => {
+      const mockWindow1 = { close: vi.fn(), isDestroyed: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false) };
+      const mockWindow2 = { close: vi.fn(), isDestroyed: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false) };
+      mockGetAllWindows.mockReturnValue([mockWindow1, mockWindow2]);
+      updaterManager.installNow();
+      expect(mockWindow1.close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockWindow2.close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it.skip('should not close destroyed windows', () => {
+      const mockWindow = { close: vi.fn(), isDestroyed: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true) };
+      mockGetAllWindows.mockReturnValue([mockWindow]);
+      updaterManager.installNow();
+      expect(mockWindow.close).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it.skip('should release single instance lock', () => {
+      updaterManager.installNow();
+      expect(mockReleaseSingleInstanceLock).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it.skip('should call quitAndInstall with correct parameters after delay', async () => {
+      updaterManager.installNow();
+      expect(autoUpdater.quitAndInstall).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100);
+      expect(autoUpdater.quitAndInstall).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true, true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('installLater', () => {
+    it('should set autoInstallOnAppQuit to true', () => {
+      updaterManager.installLater();
+
+      expect(autoUpdater.autoInstallOnAppQuit).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should broadcast updateWillInstallLater', () => {
+      updaterManager.installLater();
+
+      expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateWillInstallLater');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('event handlers', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await updaterManager.initialize();
+    });
+
+    describe('update-available', () => {
+      it('should broadcast manualUpdateAvailable when manual check', async () => {
+        // Trigger manual check first
+        vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+        await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: true });
+
+        const updateInfo = { version: '2.0.0' };
+        const handler = registeredEvents.get('update-available');
+        handler?.(updateInfo);
+
+        expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('manualUpdateAvailable', updateInfo);
+      });
+
+      it('should auto download when auto check finds update', async () => {
+        // Trigger auto check first
+        vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+        await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: false });
+
+        vi.mocked(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).mockResolvedValue([] as any);
+
+        const handler = registeredEvents.get('update-available');
+        handler?.({ version: '2.0.0' });
+
+        expect(autoUpdater.downloadUpdate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('update-not-available', () => {
+      it('should broadcast manualUpdateNotAvailable when manual check', async () => {
+        vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+        await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: true });
+
+        const info = { version: '1.0.0' };
+        const handler = registeredEvents.get('update-not-available');
+        handler?.(info);
+
+        expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('manualUpdateNotAvailable', info);
+      });
+
+      it('should not broadcast when auto check', async () => {
+        vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+        await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: false });
+
+        const handler = registeredEvents.get('update-not-available');
+        handler?.({ version: '1.0.0' });
+
+        expect(mockBroadcast).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          'manualUpdateNotAvailable',
+          expect.anything(),
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('download-progress', () => {
+      it('should broadcast progress when manual check', async () => {
+        vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+        await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: true });
+
+        const progressObj = {
+          bytesPerSecond: 1024,
+          percent: 50,
+          total: 1024 * 1024,
+          transferred: 512 * 1024,
+        };
+        const handler = registeredEvents.get('download-progress');
+        handler?.(progressObj);
+
+        expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateDownloadProgress', progressObj);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('update-downloaded', () => {
+      it('should broadcast updateDownloaded', async () => {
+        await updaterManager.initialize();
+
+        const info = { version: '2.0.0' };
+        const handler = registeredEvents.get('update-downloaded');
+        handler?.(info);
+
+        expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateDownloaded', info);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('error', () => {
+      it('should broadcast updateError when manual check', async () => {
+        vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+        await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: true });
+
+        const error = new Error('Update error');
+        const handler = registeredEvents.get('error');
+        handler?.(error);
+
+        expect(mockBroadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateError', 'Update error');
+      });
+
+      it('should not broadcast when auto check', async () => {
+        vi.mocked(autoUpdater.checkForUpdates).mockResolvedValue({} as any);
+        await updaterManager.checkForUpdates({ manual: false });
+
+        const error = new Error('Update error');
+        const handler = registeredEvents.get('error');
+        handler?.(error);
+
+        expect(mockBroadcast).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateError', expect.anything());
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('simulation methods (dev mode)', () => {
+    it('simulateUpdateAvailable should do nothing when not in dev mode', () => {
+      // Current mock has isDev = false
+      updaterManager.simulateUpdateAvailable();
+
+      // Should not broadcast anything since isDev is false
+      expect(mockBroadcast).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'manualUpdateAvailable',
+        expect.objectContaining({ version: '1.0.0' }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('simulateUpdateDownloaded should do nothing when not in dev mode', () => {
+      updaterManager.simulateUpdateDownloaded();
+
+      expect(mockBroadcast).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'updateDownloaded',
+        expect.objectContaining({ version: '1.0.0' }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('simulateDownloadProgress should do nothing when not in dev mode', () => {
+      updaterManager.simulateDownloadProgress();
+
+      expect(mockBroadcast).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('updateDownloadStart');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('mainWindow getter', () => {
+    it('should return main window from browserManager', () => {
+      const mainWindow = updaterManager['mainWindow'];
+
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.getMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mainWindow.broadcast).toBe(mockBroadcast);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/ui/__tests__/MenuManager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+import { Menu } from 'electron';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '../../App';
+import { MenuManager } from '../MenuManager';
+
+// Mock electron modules
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  Menu: {
+    buildFromTemplate: vi.fn(),
+    setApplicationMenu: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock menu platform implementation
+const mockBuildAndSetAppMenu = vi.fn();
+const mockBuildContextMenu = vi.fn();
+const mockBuildTrayMenu = vi.fn();
+const mockRefresh = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('@/menus', () => ({
+  createMenuImpl: vi.fn(() => ({
+    buildAndSetAppMenu: mockBuildAndSetAppMenu,
+    buildContextMenu: mockBuildContextMenu,
+    buildTrayMenu: mockBuildTrayMenu,
+    refresh: mockRefresh,
+  })),
+}));
+
+describe('MenuManager', () => {
+  let menuManager: MenuManager;
+  let mockApp: App;
+  let mockMenu: any;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Mock Menu instance
+    mockMenu = {
+      popup: vi.fn(),
+      append: vi.fn(),
+      insert: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    // Mock App
+    mockApp = {} as unknown as App;
+
+    // Setup mock returns
+    mockBuildContextMenu.mockReturnValue(mockMenu);
+    mockBuildTrayMenu.mockReturnValue(mockMenu);
+
+    menuManager = new MenuManager(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should initialize MenuManager with app instance', () => {
+      expect(menuManager.app).toBe(mockApp);
+    });
+
+    it('should create platform implementation', async () => {
+      const { createMenuImpl } = await import('@/menus');
+      expect(createMenuImpl).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockApp);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('initialize', () => {
+    it('should initialize application menu without options', () => {
+      menuManager.initialize();
+
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(undefined);
+    });
+
+    it('should initialize application menu with options', () => {
+      const options = { showDevItems: true };
+
+      menuManager.initialize(options);
+
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(options);
+    });
+
+    it('should call buildAndSetAppMenu on platform implementation', () => {
+      menuManager.initialize();
+
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('showContextMenu', () => {
+    it('should build and show context menu', () => {
+      const type = 'text-input';
+      const data = { text: 'sample' };
+
+      const result = menuManager.showContextMenu(type, data);
+
+      expect(mockBuildContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(type, data);
+      expect(mockMenu.popup).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should build context menu without data', () => {
+      const type = 'simple-menu';
+
+      const result = menuManager.showContextMenu(type);
+
+      expect(mockBuildContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(type, undefined);
+      expect(mockMenu.popup).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle different menu types', () => {
+      const types = ['edit', 'view', 'selection', 'link'];
+
+      types.forEach((type) => {
+        vi.clearAllMocks();
+        menuManager.showContextMenu(type);
+        expect(mockBuildContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(type, undefined);
+        expect(mockMenu.popup).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('buildTrayMenu', () => {
+    it('should build tray menu', () => {
+      const result = menuManager.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      expect(mockBuildTrayMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result).toBe(mockMenu);
+    });
+
+    it('should return Menu instance', () => {
+      const result = menuManager.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      expect(result).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result).toBe(mockMenu);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('refreshMenus', () => {
+    it('should refresh all menus without options', () => {
+      const result = menuManager.refreshMenus();
+
+      expect(mockRefresh).toHaveBeenCalledWith(undefined);
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should refresh all menus with options', () => {
+      const options = { showDevItems: false };
+
+      const result = menuManager.refreshMenus(options);
+
+      expect(mockRefresh).toHaveBeenCalledWith(options);
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should call refresh on platform implementation', () => {
+      menuManager.refreshMenus();
+
+      expect(mockRefresh).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('rebuildAppMenu', () => {
+    it('should rebuild application menu without options', () => {
+      const result = menuManager.rebuildAppMenu();
+
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(undefined);
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should rebuild application menu with options', () => {
+      const options = { showDevItems: true };
+
+      const result = menuManager.rebuildAppMenu(options);
+
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(options);
+      expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should call buildAndSetAppMenu on platform implementation', () => {
+      menuManager.rebuildAppMenu();
+
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('integration tests', () => {
+    it('should handle complete menu lifecycle', () => {
+      // Initialize menus
+      menuManager.initialize({ showDevItems: true });
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      // Show context menu
+      menuManager.showContextMenu('edit');
+      expect(mockBuildContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith('edit', undefined);
+      expect(mockMenu.popup).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      // Build tray menu
+      const trayMenu = menuManager.buildTrayMenu();
+      expect(mockBuildTrayMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(trayMenu).toBe(mockMenu);
+
+      // Refresh menus
+      menuManager.refreshMenus({ showDevItems: false });
+      expect(mockRefresh).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ showDevItems: false });
+
+      // Rebuild app menu
+      menuManager.rebuildAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ showDevItems: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple context menu calls', () => {
+      menuManager.showContextMenu('edit');
+      menuManager.showContextMenu('view');
+      menuManager.showContextMenu('selection');
+
+      expect(mockBuildContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+      expect(mockMenu.popup).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle menu toggling workflow', () => {
+      // Initialize with dev menu hidden
+      menuManager.initialize({ showDevItems: false });
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ showDevItems: false });
+
+      // Toggle dev menu on
+      menuManager.rebuildAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      // Toggle dev menu off
+      menuManager.rebuildAppMenu({ showDevItems: false });
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ showDevItems: false });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('error handling', () => {
+    it('should handle errors from buildContextMenu gracefully', () => {
+      mockBuildContextMenu.mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('Failed to build context menu');
+      });
+
+      expect(() => menuManager.showContextMenu('edit')).toThrow('Failed to build context menu');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors from buildTrayMenu gracefully', () => {
+      mockBuildTrayMenu.mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('Failed to build tray menu');
+      });
+
+      expect(() => menuManager.buildTrayMenu()).toThrow('Failed to build tray menu');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors from refresh gracefully', () => {
+      mockRefresh.mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('Failed to refresh menus');
+      });
+
+      expect(() => menuManager.refreshMenus()).toThrow('Failed to refresh menus');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors from buildAndSetAppMenu gracefully', () => {
+      mockBuildAndSetAppMenu.mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('Failed to build app menu');
+      });
+
+      expect(() => menuManager.initialize()).toThrow('Failed to build app menu');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('platform implementation delegation', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+      // Reset mocks to default behavior
+      mockBuildAndSetAppMenu.mockImplementation(() => {});
+      mockBuildContextMenu.mockReturnValue(mockMenu);
+      mockBuildTrayMenu.mockReturnValue(mockMenu);
+      mockRefresh.mockImplementation(() => {});
+    });
+
+    it('should delegate all menu operations to platform implementation', () => {
+      const options = { showDevItems: true };
+
+      // Test each method delegates to platform impl
+      menuManager.initialize(options);
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(options);
+
+      menuManager.showContextMenu('edit', { test: 'data' });
+      expect(mockBuildContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith('edit', { test: 'data' });
+
+      menuManager.buildTrayMenu();
+      expect(mockBuildTrayMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      menuManager.refreshMenus(options);
+      expect(mockRefresh).toHaveBeenCalledWith(options);
+
+      menuManager.rebuildAppMenu(options);
+      expect(mockBuildAndSetAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalledWith(options);
+    });
+
+    it('should maintain consistent interface across all operations', () => {
+      // All modification operations should return success response
+      expect(menuManager.showContextMenu('edit')).toEqual({ success: true });
+      expect(menuManager.refreshMenus()).toEqual({ success: true });
+      expect(menuManager.rebuildAppMenu()).toEqual({ success: true });
+
+      // buildTrayMenu should return Menu instance
+      const trayMenu = menuManager.buildTrayMenu();
+      expect(trayMenu).toBe(mockMenu);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/ui/__tests__/Tray.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+import { Tray as ElectronTray, Menu, app, nativeImage } from 'electron';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '../../App';
+import { Tray } from '../Tray';
+
+// Mock electron modules
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  Tray: vi.fn(),
+  Menu: {
+    buildFromTemplate: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  nativeImage: {
+    createFromPath: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  app: {
+    quit: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock dir constants
+vi.mock('@/const/dir', () => ({
+  resourcesDir: '/mock/resources',
+}));
+
+describe('Tray', () => {
+  let tray: Tray;
+  let mockApp: App;
+  let mockElectronTray: any;
+  let mockBrowserWindow: any;
+  let mockMainWindow: any;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Mock Electron Tray instance
+    mockElectronTray = {
+      setToolTip: vi.fn(),
+      setContextMenu: vi.fn(),
+      setImage: vi.fn(),
+      on: vi.fn(),
+      destroy: vi.fn(),
+      displayBalloon: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    // Mock BrowserWindow
+    mockBrowserWindow = {
+      isVisible: vi.fn(),
+      isFocused: vi.fn(),
+      focus: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    // Mock MainWindow
+    mockMainWindow = {
+      browserWindow: mockBrowserWindow,
+      hide: vi.fn(),
+      show: vi.fn(),
+      broadcast: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    // Mock App
+    mockApp = {
+      browserManager: {
+        showMainWindow: vi.fn(),
+        getMainWindow: vi.fn(() => mockMainWindow),
+      },
+    } as unknown as App;
+
+    // Mock electron constructors
+    vi.mocked(ElectronTray).mockImplementation(() => mockElectronTray);
+    vi.mocked(nativeImage.createFromPath).mockReturnValue({} as any);
+    vi.mocked(Menu.buildFromTemplate).mockReturnValue({} as any);
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should initialize tray with provided options', () => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+          tooltip: 'Test Tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+
+      expect(tray.identifier).toBe('test-tray');
+      expect(tray.options.iconPath).toBe('tray.png');
+      expect(tray.options.tooltip).toBe('Test Tray');
+    });
+
+    it('should call retrieveOrInitialize during construction', () => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+
+      expect(nativeImage.createFromPath).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/mock/resources/tray.png');
+      expect(ElectronTray).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('retrieveOrInitialize', () => {
+    it('should create new tray instance with icon and tooltip', () => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+          tooltip: 'Test Tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+
+      expect(nativeImage.createFromPath).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/mock/resources/tray.png');
+      expect(ElectronTray).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setToolTip).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Test Tray');
+    });
+
+    it('should not set tooltip if not provided', () => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setToolTip).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should return existing tray instance if already created', () => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+
+      const firstTray = tray.tray;
+      const secondTray = tray.tray;
+
+      expect(firstTray).toBe(secondTray);
+      expect(ElectronTray).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should register click event handler', () => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+
+      expect(mockElectronTray.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith('click', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+
+    it('should set default context menu', () => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors when creating tray', () => {
+      const error = new Error('Failed to create tray');
+      vi.mocked(ElectronTray).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw error;
+      });
+
+      expect(() => {
+        tray = new Tray(
+          {
+            iconPath: 'tray.png',
+            identifier: 'test-tray',
+          },
+          mockApp,
+        );
+      }).toThrow(error);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setContextMenu', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it('should set default context menu when no template provided', () => {
+      tray.setContextMenu();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({ label: 'Show Main Window' }),
+          expect.objectContaining({ type: 'separator' }),
+          expect.objectContaining({ label: 'Quit' }),
+        ]),
+      );
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should set custom context menu when template provided', () => {
+      const customTemplate = [
+        { label: 'Custom Item 1', click: vi.fn() },
+        { label: 'Custom Item 2', click: vi.fn() },
+      ];
+
+      tray.setContextMenu(customTemplate);
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(customTemplate);
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setContextMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should call showMainWindow when Show Main Window is clicked', () => {
+      tray.setContextMenu();
+
+      const templateArg = vi.mocked(Menu.buildFromTemplate).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const showMainWindowItem = templateArg.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Show Main Window');
+
+      showMainWindowItem?.click?.(null as any, null as any, null as any);
+
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.showMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should call app.quit when Quit is clicked', () => {
+      tray.setContextMenu();
+
+      const templateArg = vi.mocked(Menu.buildFromTemplate).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const quitItem = templateArg.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Quit');
+
+      quitItem?.click?.(null as any, null as any, null as any);
+
+      expect(app.quit).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('onClick', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should hide window when it is visible and focused', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      tray.onClick();
+
+      expect(mockMainWindow.hide).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockMainWindow.show).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should show and focus window when it is not visible', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(false);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      tray.onClick();
+
+      expect(mockMainWindow.show).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.focus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockMainWindow.hide).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should show and focus window when it is visible but not focused', () => {
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      tray.onClick();
+
+      expect(mockMainWindow.show).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockBrowserWindow.focus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockMainWindow.hide).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle case when main window is null', () => {
+      vi.mocked(mockApp.browserManager.getMainWindow).mockReturnValue(null);
+
+      expect(() => tray.onClick()).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateIcon', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it('should update tray icon successfully', () => {
+      const newIcon = {};
+      vi.mocked(nativeImage.createFromPath).mockReturnValue(newIcon as any);
+
+      tray.updateIcon('new-icon.png');
+
+      expect(nativeImage.createFromPath).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/mock/resources/new-icon.png');
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setImage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(newIcon);
+      expect(tray.options.iconPath).toBe('new-icon.png');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors when updating icon', () => {
+      const error = new Error('Failed to load icon');
+      vi.mocked(nativeImage.createFromPath).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw error;
+      });
+
+      expect(() => tray.updateIcon('bad-icon.png')).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateTooltip', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should update tray tooltip successfully', () => {
+      tray.updateTooltip('New Tooltip');
+
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setToolTip).toHaveBeenCalledWith('New Tooltip');
+      expect(tray.options.tooltip).toBe('New Tooltip');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('displayBalloon', () => {
+    const originalPlatform = process.platform;
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: originalPlatform });
+    });
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should display balloon notification on Windows', () => {
+      Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'win32' });
+
+      const options = {
+        title: 'Test',
+        content: 'Test content',
+      };
+
+      tray.displayBalloon(options);
+
+      expect(mockElectronTray.displayBalloon).toHaveBeenCalledWith(options);
+    });
+
+    it('should not display balloon notification on macOS', () => {
+      Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'darwin' });
+
+      const options = {
+        title: 'Test',
+        content: 'Test content',
+      };
+
+      tray.displayBalloon(options);
+
+      expect(mockElectronTray.displayBalloon).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not display balloon notification on Linux', () => {
+      Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'linux' });
+
+      const options = {
+        title: 'Test',
+        content: 'Test content',
+      };
+
+      tray.displayBalloon(options);
+
+      expect(mockElectronTray.displayBalloon).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('broadcast', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should broadcast message to main window', () => {
+      const channel = 'test-channel' as any;
+      const data = { test: 'data' };
+
+      tray.broadcast(channel, data);
+
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.getMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockMainWindow.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith(channel, data);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle case when main window is null', () => {
+      vi.mocked(mockApp.browserManager.getMainWindow).mockReturnValue(null);
+
+      expect(() => tray.broadcast('test-channel' as any)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('destroy', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should destroy tray instance', () => {
+      tray.destroy();
+
+      expect(mockElectronTray.destroy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple destroy calls', () => {
+      tray.destroy();
+      tray.destroy();
+
+      expect(mockElectronTray.destroy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow creating new tray after destroy', () => {
+      tray.destroy();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      const newTray = tray.tray;
+
+      expect(newTray).toBeDefined();
+      expect(ElectronTray).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('integration tests', () => {
+    it('should handle complete tray lifecycle', () => {
+      tray = new Tray(
+        {
+          iconPath: 'tray.png',
+          identifier: 'test-tray',
+          tooltip: 'Test Tray',
+        },
+        mockApp,
+      );
+
+      // Verify creation
+      expect(tray.tray).toBeDefined();
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setToolTip).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Test Tray');
+
+      // Update icon
+      tray.updateIcon('new-icon.png');
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setImage).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      // Update tooltip
+      tray.updateTooltip('New Tooltip');
+      expect(mockElectronTray.setToolTip).toHaveBeenCalledWith('New Tooltip');
+
+      // Test click behavior
+      mockBrowserWindow.isVisible.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockBrowserWindow.isFocused.mockReturnValue(true);
+      tray.onClick();
+      expect(mockMainWindow.hide).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      // Destroy
+      tray.destroy();
+      expect(mockElectronTray.destroy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/core/ui/__tests__/TrayManager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+import { nativeTheme } from 'electron';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '../../App';
+import { Tray } from '../Tray';
+import { TrayManager } from '../TrayManager';
+
+// Mock electron modules
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  nativeTheme: {
+    shouldUseDarkColors: false,
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock environment constants
+vi.mock('@/const/env', () => ({
+  isMac: true,
+}));
+
+// Mock package.json
+vi.mock('@/../../package.json', () => ({
+  name: 'test-app',
+}));
+
+// Mock Tray class
+vi.mock('../Tray', () => ({
+  Tray: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+describe('TrayManager', () => {
+  let trayManager: TrayManager;
+  let mockApp: App;
+  let mockTray: any;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Mock Tray instance
+    mockTray = {
+      identifier: 'main',
+      broadcast: vi.fn(),
+      destroy: vi.fn(),
+      updateIcon: vi.fn(),
+      updateTooltip: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    // Mock App
+    mockApp = {} as unknown as App;
+
+    // Mock Tray constructor
+    vi.mocked(Tray).mockImplementation(() => mockTray);
+
+    trayManager = new TrayManager(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should initialize TrayManager with app instance', () => {
+      expect(trayManager.app).toBe(mockApp);
+      expect(trayManager.trays).toBeInstanceOf(Map);
+      expect(trayManager.trays.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('initializeTrays', () => {
+    it('should initialize main tray', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeTrays();
+
+      expect(Tray).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(trayManager.trays.has('main')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should call initializeMainTray', () => {
+      const spy = vi.spyOn(trayManager, 'initializeMainTray');
+
+      trayManager.initializeTrays();
+
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('initializeMainTray', () => {
+    it('should create main tray with dark icon on macOS when dark mode is enabled', () => {
+      Object.defineProperty(nativeTheme, 'shouldUseDarkColors', {
+        value: true,
+        writable: true,
+        configurable: true,
+      });
+
+      const result = trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      expect(Tray).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          iconPath: 'tray-dark.png',
+          identifier: 'main',
+          tooltip: 'test-app',
+        }),
+        mockApp,
+      );
+      expect(result).toBe(mockTray);
+    });
+
+    it('should create main tray with light icon on macOS when light mode is enabled', () => {
+      Object.defineProperty(nativeTheme, 'shouldUseDarkColors', {
+        value: false,
+        writable: true,
+        configurable: true,
+      });
+
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      expect(Tray).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          iconPath: 'tray-light.png',
+          identifier: 'main',
+          tooltip: 'test-app',
+        }),
+        mockApp,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should add created tray to trays map', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      expect(trayManager.trays.has('main')).toBe(true);
+      expect(trayManager.trays.get('main')).toBe(mockTray);
+    });
+
+    it('should return existing tray if already initialized', () => {
+      const firstTray = trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      const secondTray = trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      expect(firstTray).toBe(secondTray);
+      expect(Tray).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getMainTray', () => {
+    it('should return main tray when it exists', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      const result = trayManager.getMainTray();
+
+      expect(result).toBe(mockTray);
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined when main tray does not exist', () => {
+      const result = trayManager.getMainTray();
+
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('retrieveByIdentifier', () => {
+    it('should return tray by identifier when it exists', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      const result = trayManager.retrieveByIdentifier('main');
+
+      expect(result).toBe(mockTray);
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined when tray with identifier does not exist', () => {
+      const result = trayManager.retrieveByIdentifier('main');
+
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('broadcastToAllTrays', () => {
+    it('should broadcast event to all trays', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      const event = 'test-event' as any;
+      const data = { test: 'data' };
+
+      trayManager.broadcastToAllTrays(event, data);
+
+      expect(mockTray.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith(event, data);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple trays', () => {
+      // Create main tray
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      // Mock another tray
+      const mockTray2 = {
+        identifier: 'secondary',
+        broadcast: vi.fn(),
+        destroy: vi.fn(),
+      };
+      trayManager.trays.set('secondary' as any, mockTray2 as any);
+
+      const event = 'test-event' as any;
+      const data = { test: 'data' };
+
+      trayManager.broadcastToAllTrays(event, data);
+
+      expect(mockTray.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith(event, data);
+      expect(mockTray2.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith(event, data);
+    });
+
+    it('should not throw when no trays exist', () => {
+      const event = 'test-event' as any;
+      const data = { test: 'data' };
+
+      expect(() => trayManager.broadcastToAllTrays(event, data)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('broadcastToTray', () => {
+    it('should broadcast event to specific tray', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      const event = 'test-event' as any;
+      const data = { test: 'data' };
+
+      trayManager.broadcastToTray('main', event, data);
+
+      expect(mockTray.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith(event, data);
+    });
+
+    it('should not throw when tray does not exist', () => {
+      const event = 'test-event' as any;
+      const data = { test: 'data' };
+
+      expect(() => trayManager.broadcastToTray('main', event, data)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('should not call broadcast when tray does not exist', () => {
+      const event = 'test-event' as any;
+      const data = { test: 'data' };
+
+      trayManager.broadcastToTray('main', event, data);
+
+      expect(mockTray.broadcast).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('destroyAll', () => {
+    it('should destroy all trays', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      trayManager.destroyAll();
+
+      expect(mockTray.destroy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(trayManager.trays.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should destroy multiple trays', () => {
+      // Create main tray
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      // Mock another tray
+      const mockTray2 = {
+        identifier: 'secondary',
+        broadcast: vi.fn(),
+        destroy: vi.fn(),
+      };
+      trayManager.trays.set('secondary' as any, mockTray2 as any);
+
+      trayManager.destroyAll();
+
+      expect(mockTray.destroy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockTray2.destroy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(trayManager.trays.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should clear trays map after destroying', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeMainTray();
+
+      trayManager.destroyAll();
+
+      expect(trayManager.trays.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should not throw when no trays exist', () => {
+      expect(() => trayManager.destroyAll()).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('retrieveOrInitialize (private method)', () => {
+    it('should create new tray when it does not exist', () => {
+      const options = {
+        iconPath: 'test.png',
+        identifier: 'main',
+        tooltip: 'Test',
+      };
+
+      const result = trayManager['retrieveOrInitialize'](options);
+
+      expect(Tray).toHaveBeenCalledWith(options, mockApp);
+      expect(result).toBe(mockTray);
+      expect(trayManager.trays.has('main')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return existing tray when it already exists', () => {
+      const options = {
+        iconPath: 'test.png',
+        identifier: 'main',
+        tooltip: 'Test',
+      };
+
+      const firstResult = trayManager['retrieveOrInitialize'](options);
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      const secondResult = trayManager['retrieveOrInitialize'](options);
+
+      expect(firstResult).toBe(secondResult);
+      expect(Tray).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('integration tests', () => {
+    it('should handle complete tray manager lifecycle', () => {
+      // Initialize trays
+      trayManager.initializeTrays();
+      expect(trayManager.trays.size).toBe(1);
+
+      // Get main tray
+      const mainTray = trayManager.getMainTray();
+      expect(mainTray).toBeDefined();
+
+      // Broadcast to all
+      trayManager.broadcastToAllTrays('test-event' as any, { data: 'test' });
+      expect(mockTray.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      // Broadcast to specific tray
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+      trayManager.broadcastToTray('main', 'test-event' as any, { data: 'test' });
+      expect(mockTray.broadcast).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      // Destroy all
+      trayManager.destroyAll();
+      expect(mockTray.destroy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(trayManager.trays.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple initialization calls safely', () => {
+      trayManager.initializeTrays();
+      trayManager.initializeTrays();
+      trayManager.initializeTrays();
+
+      // Should only create one tray instance
+      expect(Tray).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(trayManager.trays.size).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/menus/impls/BaseMenuPlatform.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import { BaseMenuPlatform } from './BaseMenuPlatform';
+
+// Create a concrete implementation for testing
+class TestMenuPlatform extends BaseMenuPlatform {}
+
+// Mock App instance
+const mockApp = {
+  i18n: {
+    ns: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  browserManager: {
+    getMainWindow: vi.fn(),
+    showMainWindow: vi.fn(),
+    retrieveByIdentifier: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  updaterManager: {
+    checkForUpdates: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  menuManager: {
+    rebuildAppMenu: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  storeManager: {
+    openInEditor: vi.fn(),
+  },
+} as unknown as App;
+
+describe('BaseMenuPlatform', () => {
+  let menuPlatform: TestMenuPlatform;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    menuPlatform = new TestMenuPlatform(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should initialize with app instance', () => {
+      expect(menuPlatform['app']).toBe(mockApp);
+    });
+
+    it('should store app reference for subclasses', () => {
+      const anotherInstance = new TestMenuPlatform(mockApp);
+      expect(anotherInstance['app']).toBe(mockApp);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/menus/impls/linux.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+import { Menu, app, dialog, shell } from 'electron';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import { LinuxMenu } from './linux';
+
+// Mock Electron modules
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  Menu: {
+    buildFromTemplate: vi.fn((template) => ({ template })),
+    setApplicationMenu: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  app: {
+    getName: vi.fn(() => 'LobeChat'),
+    getVersion: vi.fn(() => '1.0.0'),
+  },
+  shell: {
+    openExternal: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  dialog: {
+    showMessageBox: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock isDev
+vi.mock('@/const/env', () => ({
+  isDev: false,
+}));
+
+// Mock App instance
+const createMockApp = () => {
+  const mockT = vi.fn((key: string, params?: any) => {
+    const translations: Record<string, string> = {
+      'file.title': 'File',
+      'file.preferences': 'Preferences',
+      'file.quit': 'Quit',
+      'common.checkUpdates': 'Check for Updates',
+      'window.close': 'Close',
+      'window.minimize': 'Minimize',
+      'window.title': 'Window',
+      'edit.title': 'Edit',
+      'edit.undo': 'Undo',
+      'edit.redo': 'Redo',
+      'edit.cut': 'Cut',
+      'edit.copy': 'Copy',
+      'edit.paste': 'Paste',
+      'edit.selectAll': 'Select All',
+      'edit.delete': 'Delete',
+      'view.title': 'View',
+      'view.resetZoom': 'Reset Zoom',
+      'view.zoomIn': 'Zoom In',
+      'view.zoomOut': 'Zoom Out',
+      'view.toggleFullscreen': 'Toggle Full Screen',
+      'help.title': 'Help',
+      'help.visitWebsite': 'Visit Website',
+      'help.githubRepo': 'GitHub Repository',
+      'help.about': 'About',
+      'dev.title': 'Developer',
+      'dev.reload': 'Reload',
+      'dev.forceReload': 'Force Reload',
+      'dev.devTools': 'Developer Tools',
+      'dev.devPanel': 'Dev Panel',
+      'tray.open': `Open ${params?.appName || 'App'}`,
+      'tray.quit': 'Quit',
+    };
+    return translations[key] || key;
+  });
+
+  const mockCommonT = vi.fn((key: string) => {
+    const translations: Record<string, string> = {
+      'actions.ok': 'OK',
+    };
+    return translations[key] || key;
+  });
+
+  const mockDialogT = vi.fn((key: string, params?: any) => {
+    const translations: Record<string, string> = {
+      'about.title': 'About',
+      'about.message': `${params?.appName || 'App'} ${params?.appVersion || '1.0.0'}`,
+      'about.detail': 'LobeChat Desktop Application',
+    };
+    return translations[key] || key;
+  });
+
+  return {
+    i18n: {
+      ns: vi.fn((namespace: string) => {
+        if (namespace === 'common') return mockCommonT;
+        if (namespace === 'dialog') return mockDialogT;
+        return mockT;
+      }),
+    },
+    browserManager: {
+      showMainWindow: vi.fn(),
+      retrieveByIdentifier: vi.fn(() => ({
+        show: vi.fn(),
+      })),
+    },
+    updaterManager: {
+      checkForUpdates: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  } as unknown as App;
+};
+
+describe('LinuxMenu', () => {
+  let linuxMenu: LinuxMenu;
+  let mockApp: App;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    mockApp = createMockApp();
+    linuxMenu = new LinuxMenu(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('buildAndSetAppMenu', () => {
+    it('should build and set application menu', () => {
+      const menu = linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(Menu.setApplicationMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include developer menu when showDevItems is true', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      expect(devMenu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should not include developer menu when showDevItems is false', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: false });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      expect(devMenu).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should create menu with File, Edit, View, Window, Help', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const menuLabels = template.map((item: any) => item.label);
+
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('File');
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('Edit');
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('View');
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('Window');
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('Help');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('buildContextMenu', () => {
+    it('should build chat context menu', () => {
+      const menu = linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('chat');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should build editor context menu', () => {
+      const menu = linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should build default context menu for unknown type', () => {
+      const menu = linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('unknown');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should pass data to context menu', () => {
+      const data = { selection: 'text' };
+      linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('chat', data);
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('buildTrayMenu', () => {
+    it('should build tray menu', () => {
+      const menu = linuxMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include open and quit items in tray menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(template.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(template.some((item: any) => item.label?.includes('Open'))).toBe(true);
+      expect(template.some((item: any) => item.label === 'Quit')).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('refresh', () => {
+    it('should rebuild application menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.refresh();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(Menu.setApplicationMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should pass options to rebuild', () => {
+      linuxMenu.refresh({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      expect(devMenu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu item click handlers', () => {
+    it('should handle preferences click', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const preferencesItem = fileMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Preferences');
+
+      expect(preferencesItem).toBeDefined();
+      preferencesItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.retrieveByIdentifier).toHaveBeenCalledWith('settings');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle check for updates click', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const checkUpdatesItem = fileMenu.submenu.find(
+        (item: any) => item.label === 'Check for Updates',
+      );
+
+      expect(checkUpdatesItem).toBeDefined();
+      checkUpdatesItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.updaterManager.checkForUpdates).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ manual: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle visit website click', async () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const visitWebsiteItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Visit Website');
+
+      expect(visitWebsiteItem).toBeDefined();
+      await visitWebsiteItem.click();
+      expect(shell.openExternal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://lobehub.com');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle github repo click', async () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const githubItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'GitHub Repository');
+
+      expect(githubItem).toBeDefined();
+      await githubItem.click();
+      expect(shell.openExternal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle about dialog click', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const aboutItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'About');
+
+      expect(aboutItem).toBeDefined();
+      aboutItem.click();
+      expect(dialog.showMessageBox).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          type: 'info',
+          title: 'About',
+          buttons: ['OK'],
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should handle tray open click', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const openItem = template.find((item: any) => item.label?.includes('Open'));
+
+      expect(openItem).toBeDefined();
+      openItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.showMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu accelerators', () => {
+    it('should use Ctrl prefix for Linux shortcuts', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const editMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Edit');
+      const copyItem = editMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Copy');
+
+      expect(copyItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+C');
+    });
+
+    it('should set correct accelerator for close', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const closeItem = fileMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Close');
+
+      expect(closeItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+W');
+    });
+
+    it('should set correct accelerator for minimize', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const minimizeItem = fileMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Minimize');
+
+      expect(minimizeItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+M');
+    });
+
+    it('should set Ctrl+Shift+Z for redo', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const editMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Edit');
+      const redoItem = editMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Redo');
+
+      expect(redoItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+Shift+Z');
+    });
+
+    it('should set F11 for fullscreen', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const viewMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'View');
+      const fullscreenItem = viewMenu.submenu.find(
+        (item: any) => item.label === 'Toggle Full Screen',
+      );
+
+      expect(fullscreenItem.accelerator).toBe('F11');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('developer menu items', () => {
+    it('should include dev tools shortcuts in developer menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+
+      expect(devMenu).toBeDefined();
+      expect(devMenu.submenu.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle dev panel click', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      const devPanelItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Dev Panel');
+
+      expect(devPanelItem).toBeDefined();
+      devPanelItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.retrieveByIdentifier).toHaveBeenCalledWith('devtools');
+    });
+
+    it('should set Ctrl+Shift+I for developer tools', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      const devToolsItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer Tools');
+
+      expect(devToolsItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+Shift+I');
+    });
+
+    it('should include reload options in developer menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+
+      const reloadItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Reload');
+      const forceReloadItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Force Reload');
+
+      expect(reloadItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(forceReloadItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('context menu templates', () => {
+    it('should include copy and paste in chat context menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('chat');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const copyItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'copy');
+      const pasteItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'paste');
+
+      expect(copyItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(pasteItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should use Ctrl accelerators in context menus', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const copyItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'copy');
+
+      expect(copyItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+C');
+    });
+
+    it('should include cut in editor context menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const cutItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'cut');
+
+      expect(cutItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(cutItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+X');
+    });
+
+    it('should include delete in editor context menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const deleteItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'delete');
+
+      expect(deleteItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should not include cut in chat context menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildContextMenu('chat');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const cutItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'cut');
+
+      expect(cutItem).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu structure', () => {
+    it('should have separators in menus', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const hasSeparator = fileMenu.submenu.some((item: any) => item.type === 'separator');
+
+      expect(hasSeparator).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should have minimize and close in window menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const windowMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Window');
+
+      const minimizeItem = windowMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'minimize');
+      const closeItem = windowMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'close');
+
+      expect(minimizeItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(closeItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should have zoom controls in view menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const viewMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'View');
+
+      const resetZoomItem = viewMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'resetZoom');
+      const zoomInItem = viewMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'zoomIn');
+      const zoomOutItem = viewMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'zoomOut');
+
+      expect(resetZoomItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(zoomInItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(zoomOutItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('about dialog', () => {
+    it('should show about dialog with app info', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const aboutItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'About');
+
+      aboutItem.click();
+
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalledWith('common');
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalledWith('dialog');
+      expect(app.getName).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(app.getVersion).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(dialog.showMessageBox).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should display app name and version in about dialog', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const aboutItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'About');
+
+      aboutItem.click();
+
+      const callArgs = (dialog.showMessageBox as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(callArgs.message).toContain('LobeChat');
+      expect(callArgs.message).toContain('1.0.0');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('i18n integration', () => {
+    it('should use i18n for all menu labels', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalledWith('menu');
+    });
+
+    it('should request translations for tray menu', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(app.getName).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should use multiple i18n namespaces for about dialog', () => {
+      linuxMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const aboutItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'About');
+
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+      aboutItem.click();
+
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalledWith('common');
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalledWith('dialog');
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/menus/impls/macOS.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+import { Menu, app, shell } from 'electron';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import { MacOSMenu } from './macOS';
+
+// Mock Electron modules
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  Menu: {
+    buildFromTemplate: vi.fn((template) => ({ template })),
+    setApplicationMenu: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  app: {
+    getName: vi.fn(() => 'LobeChat'),
+    getPath: vi.fn((type: string) => {
+      if (type === 'logs') return '/path/to/logs';
+      if (type === 'userData') return '/path/to/userData';
+      if (type === 'cache') return '/path/to/cache';
+      return '/path/to/default';
+    }),
+  },
+  shell: {
+    openExternal: vi.fn(),
+    openPath: vi.fn(() => Promise.resolve('')),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock isDev
+vi.mock('@/const/env', () => ({
+  isDev: false,
+}));
+
+// Mock App instance
+const createMockApp = () => {
+  const mockT = vi.fn((key: string, params?: any) => {
+    const translations: Record<string, string> = {
+      'macOS.about': `About ${params?.appName || 'App'}`,
+      'common.checkUpdates': 'Check for Updates',
+      'macOS.preferences': 'Preferences',
+      'macOS.services': 'Services',
+      'macOS.hide': `Hide ${params?.appName || 'App'}`,
+      'macOS.hideOthers': 'Hide Others',
+      'macOS.unhide': 'Show All',
+      'file.quit': 'Quit',
+      'file.title': 'File',
+      'file.preferences': 'Preferences',
+      'window.close': 'Close Window',
+      'window.title': 'Window',
+      'window.minimize': 'Minimize',
+      'edit.title': 'Edit',
+      'edit.undo': 'Undo',
+      'edit.redo': 'Redo',
+      'edit.cut': 'Cut',
+      'edit.copy': 'Copy',
+      'edit.paste': 'Paste',
+      'edit.selectAll': 'Select All',
+      'edit.speech': 'Speech',
+      'edit.startSpeaking': 'Start Speaking',
+      'edit.stopSpeaking': 'Stop Speaking',
+      'edit.delete': 'Delete',
+      'view.title': 'View',
+      'view.reload': 'Reload',
+      'view.forceReload': 'Force Reload',
+      'view.resetZoom': 'Actual Size',
+      'view.zoomIn': 'Zoom In',
+      'view.zoomOut': 'Zoom Out',
+      'view.toggleFullscreen': 'Toggle Full Screen',
+      'help.title': 'Help',
+      'help.visitWebsite': 'Visit Website',
+      'help.githubRepo': 'GitHub Repository',
+      'help.reportIssue': 'Report Issue',
+      'help.about': 'About',
+      'dev.title': 'Developer',
+      'dev.devPanel': 'Dev Panel',
+      'dev.refreshMenu': 'Refresh Menu',
+      'dev.devTools': 'Developer Tools',
+      'dev.reload': 'Reload',
+      'dev.forceReload': 'Force Reload',
+      'tray.show': `Show ${params?.appName || 'App'}`,
+      'tray.quit': 'Quit',
+    };
+    return translations[key] || key;
+  });
+
+  return {
+    i18n: {
+      ns: vi.fn(() => mockT),
+    },
+    browserManager: {
+      getMainWindow: vi.fn(() => ({
+        loadUrl: vi.fn(),
+        show: vi.fn(),
+      })),
+      showMainWindow: vi.fn(),
+      retrieveByIdentifier: vi.fn(() => ({
+        show: vi.fn(),
+      })),
+    },
+    updaterManager: {
+      checkForUpdates: vi.fn(),
+      simulateUpdateAvailable: vi.fn(),
+      simulateDownloadProgress: vi.fn(),
+      simulateUpdateDownloaded: vi.fn(),
+    },
+    menuManager: {
+      rebuildAppMenu: vi.fn(),
+    },
+    storeManager: {
+      openInEditor: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  } as unknown as App;
+};
+
+describe('MacOSMenu', () => {
+  let macOSMenu: MacOSMenu;
+  let mockApp: App;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    mockApp = createMockApp();
+    macOSMenu = new MacOSMenu(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('buildAndSetAppMenu', () => {
+    it('should build and set application menu', () => {
+      const menu = macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(Menu.setApplicationMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include developer menu when showDevItems is true', () => {
+      const menu = macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      expect(devMenu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should not include developer menu when showDevItems is false', () => {
+      const menu = macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: false });
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      expect(devMenu).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should create menu with correct structure', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(template).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
+      expect(template.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('buildContextMenu', () => {
+    it('should build chat context menu', () => {
+      const menu = macOSMenu.buildContextMenu('chat');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should build editor context menu', () => {
+      const menu = macOSMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should build default context menu for unknown type', () => {
+      const menu = macOSMenu.buildContextMenu('unknown');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should pass data to chat context menu', () => {
+      const data = { messageId: '123' };
+      macOSMenu.buildContextMenu('chat', data);
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('buildTrayMenu', () => {
+    it('should build tray menu', () => {
+      const menu = macOSMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include show and quit items in tray menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(template.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(template.some((item: any) => item.label?.includes('Show'))).toBe(true);
+      expect(template.some((item: any) => item.label === 'Quit')).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('refresh', () => {
+    it('should rebuild application menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.refresh();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(Menu.setApplicationMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should pass options to rebuild', () => {
+      macOSMenu.refresh({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu item click handlers', () => {
+    it('should handle check for updates click', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const appMenu = template[0];
+      const checkUpdatesItem = appMenu.submenu.find(
+        (item: any) => item.label === 'Check for Updates',
+      );
+
+      expect(checkUpdatesItem).toBeDefined();
+      checkUpdatesItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.updaterManager.checkForUpdates).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ manual: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle preferences click', async () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const appMenu = template[0];
+      const preferencesItem = appMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Preferences');
+
+      expect(preferencesItem).toBeDefined();
+      await preferencesItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.getMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle visit website click', async () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const visitWebsiteItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Visit Website');
+
+      expect(visitWebsiteItem).toBeDefined();
+      await visitWebsiteItem.click();
+      expect(shell.openExternal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://lobehub.com');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle github repo click', async () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const githubItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'GitHub Repository');
+
+      expect(githubItem).toBeDefined();
+      await githubItem.click();
+      expect(shell.openExternal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle open logs directory click', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const logsItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === '打开日志目录');
+
+      expect(logsItem).toBeDefined();
+      logsItem.click();
+      expect(app.getPath).toHaveBeenCalledWith('logs');
+      expect(shell.openPath).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/path/to/logs');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle tray show click', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const showItem = template.find((item: any) => item.label?.includes('Show'));
+
+      expect(showItem).toBeDefined();
+      showItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.showMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu accelerators', () => {
+    it('should set correct accelerator for preferences', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const appMenu = template[0];
+      const preferencesItem = appMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Preferences');
+
+      expect(preferencesItem.accelerator).toBe('Command+,');
+    });
+
+    it('should set correct accelerator for quit', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const appMenu = template[0];
+      const quitItem = appMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Quit');
+
+      expect(quitItem.accelerator).toBe('Command+Q');
+    });
+
+    it('should set correct accelerator for copy in edit menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const editMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Edit');
+      const copyItem = editMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Copy');
+
+      expect(copyItem.accelerator).toBe('Command+C');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('developer menu items', () => {
+    it('should include dev panel in developer menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      const devPanelItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Dev Panel');
+
+      expect(devPanelItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle dev panel click', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      const devPanelItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Dev Panel');
+
+      devPanelItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.retrieveByIdentifier).toHaveBeenCalledWith('devtools');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle refresh menu click', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      const refreshMenuItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Refresh Menu');
+
+      refreshMenuItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.menuManager.rebuildAppMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should include updater simulation submenu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      const updaterMenu = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === '自动更新测试模拟');
+
+      expect(updaterMenu).toBeDefined();
+      expect(updaterMenu.submenu).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
+      expect(updaterMenu.submenu.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('context menu templates', () => {
+    it('should include copy and paste in chat context menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildContextMenu('chat');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const copyItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'copy');
+      const pasteItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'paste');
+
+      expect(copyItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(pasteItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include cut in editor context menu but not in chat', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+      const editorTemplate = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      macOSMenu.buildContextMenu('chat');
+      const chatTemplate = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+
+      const editorCutItem = editorTemplate.find((item: any) => item.role === 'cut');
+      const chatCutItem = chatTemplate.find((item: any) => item.role === 'cut');
+
+      expect(editorCutItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(chatCutItem).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include delete in editor context menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const deleteItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'delete');
+
+      expect(deleteItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu roles', () => {
+    it('should set window role for window menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const windowMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Window');
+
+      expect(windowMenu.role).toBe('windowMenu');
+    });
+
+    it('should set help role for help menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+
+      expect(helpMenu.role).toBe('help');
+    });
+
+    it('should set services submenu in app menu', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const appMenu = template[0];
+      const servicesItem = appMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'services');
+
+      expect(servicesItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(servicesItem.label).toBe('Services');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('i18n integration', () => {
+    it('should use i18n for all menu labels', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalledWith('menu');
+    });
+
+    it('should pass app name to translations', () => {
+      macOSMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const appMenu = template[0];
+
+      expect(app.getName).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(appMenu.label).toBe('LobeChat');
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/menus/impls/macOS.ts

@@ -81,8 +81,10 @@ export class MacOSMenu extends BaseMenuPlatform implements IMenuPlatform {
           { type: 'separator' },
           {
             accelerator: 'Command+,',
-            click: () => {
-              this.app.browserManager.showSettingsWindow();
+            click: async () => {
+              const mainWindow = this.app.browserManager.getMainWindow();
+              await mainWindow.loadUrl('/settings');
+              mainWindow.show();
             },
             label: t('macOS.preferences'),
           },
@@ -337,7 +339,11 @@ export class MacOSMenu extends BaseMenuPlatform implements IMenuPlatform {
         label: t('tray.show', { appName }),
       },
       {
-        click: () => this.app.browserManager.retrieveByIdentifier('settings').show(),
+        click: async () => {
+          const mainWindow = this.app.browserManager.getMainWindow();
+          await mainWindow.loadUrl('/settings');
+          mainWindow.show();
+        },
         label: t('file.preferences'),
       },
       { type: 'separator' },

apps/desktop/src/main/menus/impls/windows.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+import { Menu, app, shell } from 'electron';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import { WindowsMenu } from './windows';
+
+// Mock Electron modules
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  Menu: {
+    buildFromTemplate: vi.fn((template) => ({ template })),
+    setApplicationMenu: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  app: {
+    getName: vi.fn(() => 'LobeChat'),
+  },
+  shell: {
+    openExternal: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock isDev
+vi.mock('@/const/env', () => ({
+  isDev: false,
+}));
+
+// Mock App instance
+const createMockApp = () => {
+  const mockT = vi.fn((key: string, params?: any) => {
+    const translations: Record<string, string> = {
+      'file.title': 'File',
+      'file.preferences': 'Settings',
+      'file.quit': 'Exit',
+      'common.checkUpdates': 'Check for Updates',
+      'window.close': 'Close',
+      'window.minimize': 'Minimize',
+      'window.title': 'Window',
+      'edit.title': 'Edit',
+      'edit.undo': 'Undo',
+      'edit.redo': 'Redo',
+      'edit.cut': 'Cut',
+      'edit.copy': 'Copy',
+      'edit.paste': 'Paste',
+      'edit.selectAll': 'Select All',
+      'edit.delete': 'Delete',
+      'view.title': 'View',
+      'view.resetZoom': 'Reset Zoom',
+      'view.zoomIn': 'Zoom In',
+      'view.zoomOut': 'Zoom Out',
+      'view.toggleFullscreen': 'Full Screen',
+      'help.title': 'Help',
+      'help.visitWebsite': 'Visit Website',
+      'help.githubRepo': 'GitHub Repository',
+      'dev.title': 'Developer',
+      'dev.reload': 'Reload',
+      'dev.forceReload': 'Force Reload',
+      'dev.devTools': 'Developer Tools',
+      'dev.devPanel': 'Dev Panel',
+      'tray.open': `Open ${params?.appName || 'App'}`,
+      'tray.quit': 'Quit',
+    };
+    return translations[key] || key;
+  });
+
+  return {
+    i18n: {
+      ns: vi.fn(() => mockT),
+    },
+    browserManager: {
+      showMainWindow: vi.fn(),
+      retrieveByIdentifier: vi.fn(() => ({
+        show: vi.fn(),
+      })),
+    },
+    updaterManager: {
+      checkForUpdates: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  } as unknown as App;
+};
+
+describe('WindowsMenu', () => {
+  let windowsMenu: WindowsMenu;
+  let mockApp: App;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    mockApp = createMockApp();
+    windowsMenu = new WindowsMenu(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('buildAndSetAppMenu', () => {
+    it('should build and set application menu', () => {
+      const menu = windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(Menu.setApplicationMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include developer menu when showDevItems is true', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      expect(devMenu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should not include developer menu when showDevItems is false', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: false });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      expect(devMenu).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should create menu with File, Edit, View, Window, Help', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const menuLabels = template.map((item: any) => item.label);
+
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('File');
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('Edit');
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('View');
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('Window');
+      expect(menuLabels).toContain('Help');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('buildContextMenu', () => {
+    it('should build chat context menu', () => {
+      const menu = windowsMenu.buildContextMenu('chat');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should build editor context menu', () => {
+      const menu = windowsMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should build default context menu for unknown type', () => {
+      const menu = windowsMenu.buildContextMenu('unknown');
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should pass data to context menu', () => {
+      const data = { text: 'selected text' };
+      windowsMenu.buildContextMenu('editor', data);
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('buildTrayMenu', () => {
+    it('should build tray menu', () => {
+      const menu = windowsMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(menu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include open and quit items in tray menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(template.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(template.some((item: any) => item.label?.includes('Open'))).toBe(true);
+      expect(template.some((item: any) => item.label === 'Quit')).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('refresh', () => {
+    it('should rebuild application menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.refresh();
+
+      expect(Menu.buildFromTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(Menu.setApplicationMenu).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should pass options to rebuild', () => {
+      windowsMenu.refresh({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      expect(devMenu).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu item click handlers', () => {
+    it('should handle preferences click', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const preferencesItem = fileMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Settings');
+
+      expect(preferencesItem).toBeDefined();
+      preferencesItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.retrieveByIdentifier).toHaveBeenCalledWith('settings');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle check for updates click', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const checkUpdatesItem = fileMenu.submenu.find(
+        (item: any) => item.label === 'Check for Updates',
+      );
+
+      expect(checkUpdatesItem).toBeDefined();
+      checkUpdatesItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.updaterManager.checkForUpdates).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ manual: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle visit website click', async () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const visitWebsiteItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Visit Website');
+
+      expect(visitWebsiteItem).toBeDefined();
+      await visitWebsiteItem.click();
+      expect(shell.openExternal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://lobehub.com');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle github repo click', async () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const helpMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Help');
+      const githubItem = helpMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'GitHub Repository');
+
+      expect(githubItem).toBeDefined();
+      await githubItem.click();
+      expect(shell.openExternal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle tray open click', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const openItem = template.find((item: any) => item.label?.includes('Open'));
+
+      expect(openItem).toBeDefined();
+      openItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.showMainWindow).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu accelerators', () => {
+    it('should use Ctrl prefix for Windows shortcuts', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const editMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Edit');
+      const copyItem = editMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Copy');
+
+      expect(copyItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+C');
+    });
+
+    it('should set correct accelerator for close', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const closeItem = fileMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Close');
+
+      expect(closeItem.accelerator).toBe('Alt+F4');
+    });
+
+    it('should set correct accelerator for minimize', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const minimizeItem = fileMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Minimize');
+
+      expect(minimizeItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+M');
+    });
+
+    it('should set F11 for fullscreen', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const viewMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'View');
+      const fullscreenItem = viewMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Full Screen');
+
+      expect(fullscreenItem.accelerator).toBe('F11');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('developer menu items', () => {
+    it('should include dev tools shortcuts in developer menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+
+      expect(devMenu).toBeDefined();
+      expect(devMenu.submenu.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle dev panel click', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      const devPanelItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Dev Panel');
+
+      expect(devPanelItem).toBeDefined();
+      devPanelItem.click();
+      expect(mockApp.browserManager.retrieveByIdentifier).toHaveBeenCalledWith('devtools');
+    });
+
+    it('should set Ctrl+Shift+I for developer tools', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu({ showDevItems: true });
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const devMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer');
+      const devToolsItem = devMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Developer Tools');
+
+      expect(devToolsItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+Shift+I');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('context menu templates', () => {
+    it('should include copy and paste in chat context menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildContextMenu('chat');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const copyItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'copy');
+      const pasteItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'paste');
+
+      expect(copyItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(pasteItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should use Ctrl accelerators in context menus', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const copyItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'copy');
+
+      expect(copyItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+C');
+    });
+
+    it('should include cut in editor context menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const cutItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'cut');
+
+      expect(cutItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(cutItem.accelerator).toBe('Ctrl+X');
+    });
+
+    it('should include delete in editor context menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildContextMenu('editor');
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const deleteItem = template.find((item: any) => item.role === 'delete');
+
+      expect(deleteItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('menu structure', () => {
+    it('should have separators in menus', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const fileMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'File');
+      const hasSeparator = fileMenu.submenu.some((item: any) => item.type === 'separator');
+
+      expect(hasSeparator).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should have minimize and close in window menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const windowMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'Window');
+
+      const minimizeItem = windowMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'minimize');
+      const closeItem = windowMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'close');
+
+      expect(minimizeItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(closeItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should have zoom controls in view menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      const template = (Menu.buildFromTemplate as any).mock.calls[0][0];
+      const viewMenu = template.find((item: any) => item.label === 'View');
+
+      const resetZoomItem = viewMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'resetZoom');
+      const zoomInItem = viewMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'zoomIn');
+      const zoomOutItem = viewMenu.submenu.find((item: any) => item.role === 'zoomOut');
+
+      expect(resetZoomItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(zoomInItem).toBeDefined();
+      expect(zoomOutItem).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('i18n integration', () => {
+    it('should use i18n for all menu labels', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildAndSetAppMenu();
+
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalledWith('menu');
+    });
+
+    it('should request translations multiple times for tray menu', () => {
+      windowsMenu.buildTrayMenu();
+
+      expect(mockApp.i18n.ns).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(app.getName).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/modules/fileSearch/__tests__/macOS.integration.test.ts

@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ describe.skipIf(process.platform !== 'darwin')('MacOSSearchServiceImpl Integrati
 
       expect(results.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
 
-      // Should find test files
+      // Should find test files (can be in __tests__ directory or co-located with source files)
       const testFile = results.find((r) => r.name.endsWith('.test.ts'));
       expect(testFile).toBeDefined();
-      expect(testFile!.path).toContain('__tests__');
+      expect(testFile!.path).toMatch(/(__tests__|\.test\.ts$)/);
     });
   });
 

apps/desktop/src/main/modules/networkProxy/dispatcher.ts

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ import { ProxyUrlBuilder } from './urlBuilder';
 const logger = createLogger('modules:networkProxy:dispatcher');
 
 /**
- * 代理管理器
+ * Proxy dispatcher manager
  */
 export class ProxyDispatcherManager {
   private static isChanging = false;
   private static changeQueue: Array<() => Promise<void>> = [];
 
   /**
-   * 应用代理设置（带并发控制）
+   * Apply proxy settings (with concurrency control)
    */
   static async applyProxySettings(config: NetworkProxySettings): Promise<void> {
     return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -31,17 +31,17 @@ export class ProxyDispatcherManager {
       };
 
       if (this.isChanging) {
-        // 如果正在切换，加入队列
+        // If currently switching, add to queue
         this.changeQueue.push(operation);
       } else {
-        // 立即执行
+        // Execute immediately
         operation();
       }
     });
   }
 
   /**
-   * 执行代理设置应用
+   * Execute proxy settings application
    */
   private static async doApplyProxySettings(config: NetworkProxySettings): Promise<void> {
     this.isChanging = true;
@@ -49,22 +49,22 @@ export class ProxyDispatcherManager {
     try {
       const currentDispatcher = getGlobalDispatcher();
 
-      // 禁用代理，恢复默认连接
+      // Disable proxy, restore default connection
       if (!config.enableProxy) {
         await this.safeDestroyDispatcher(currentDispatcher);
-        // 创建一个新的默认 Agent 来替代代理
+        // Create a new default Agent to replace the proxy
         setGlobalDispatcher(new Agent());
         logger.debug('Proxy disabled, reset to direct connection mode');
         return;
       }
 
-      // 构建代理 URL
+      // Build proxy URL
       const proxyUrl = ProxyUrlBuilder.build(config);
 
-      // 创建代理 agent
+      // Create proxy agent
       const agent = this.createProxyAgent(config.proxyType, proxyUrl);
 
-      // 切换代理前销毁旧 dispatcher
+      // Destroy old dispatcher before switching proxy
       await this.safeDestroyDispatcher(currentDispatcher);
       setGlobalDispatcher(agent);
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export class ProxyDispatcherManager {
     } finally {
       this.isChanging = false;
 
-      // 处理队列中的下一个操作
+      // Process next operation in queue
       if (this.changeQueue.length > 0) {
         const nextOperation = this.changeQueue.shift();
         if (nextOperation) {
@@ -88,12 +88,12 @@ export class ProxyDispatcherManager {
   }
 
   /**
-   * 创建代理 agent
+   * Create proxy agent
    */
   static createProxyAgent(proxyType: string, proxyUrl: string) {
     try {
       if (proxyType === 'socks5') {
-        // 解析 SOCKS5 代理 URL
+        // Parse SOCKS5 proxy URL
         const url = new URL(proxyUrl);
         const socksProxies: SocksProxies = [
           {
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ export class ProxyDispatcherManager {
           },
         ];
 
-        // 使用 fetch-socks 处理 SOCKS5 代理
+        // Use fetch-socks to handle SOCKS5 proxy
         return socksDispatcher(socksProxies);
       } else {
-        // undici 的 ProxyAgent 支持 http, https
+        // undici's ProxyAgent supports http, https
         return new ProxyAgent({ uri: proxyUrl });
       }
     } catch (error) {
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ export class ProxyDispatcherManager {
   }
 
   /**
-   * 安全销毁 dispatcher
+   * Safely destroy dispatcher
    */
   private static async safeDestroyDispatcher(dispatcher: any): Promise<void> {
     try {

apps/desktop/src/main/modules/networkProxy/tester.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { ProxyConfigValidator } from './validator';
 const logger = createLogger('modules:networkProxy:tester');
 
 /**
- * 代理连接测试结果
+ * Proxy connection test result
  */
 export interface ProxyTestResult {
   message?: string;
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ export interface ProxyTestResult {
 }
 
 /**
- * 代理连接测试器
+ * Proxy connection tester
  */
 export class ProxyConnectionTester {
-  private static readonly DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 10_000; // 10秒超时
+  private static readonly DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 10_000; // 10 seconds timeout
   private static readonly DEFAULT_TEST_URL = 'https://www.google.com';
 
   /**
-   * 测试代理连接
+   * Test proxy connection
    */
   static async testConnection(
     url: string = this.DEFAULT_TEST_URL,
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@ export class ProxyConnectionTester {
   }
 
   /**
-   * 测试指定代理配置的连接
+   * Test connection with specified proxy configuration
    */
   static async testProxyConfig(
     config: NetworkProxySettings,
     testUrl: string = this.DEFAULT_TEST_URL,
   ): Promise<ProxyTestResult> {
-    // 验证配置
+    // Validate configuration
     const validation = ProxyConfigValidator.validate(config);
     if (!validation.isValid) {
       return {
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ export class ProxyConnectionTester {
       };
     }
 
-    // 如果未启用代理，直接测试
+    // If proxy is not enabled, test directly
     if (!config.enableProxy) {
       return this.testConnection(testUrl);
     }
 
-    // 创建临时代理 agent 进行测试
+    // Create temporary proxy agent for testing
     try {
       const proxyUrl = ProxyUrlBuilder.build(config);
       logger.debug(`Testing proxy with URL: ${proxyUrl}`);
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ export class ProxyConnectionTester {
       const controller = new AbortController();
       const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), this.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
 
-      // 临时设置代理进行测试
+      // Temporarily set proxy for testing
       const originalDispatcher = getGlobalDispatcher();
       setGlobalDispatcher(agent);
 
@@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ export class ProxyConnectionTester {
         clearTimeout(timeoutId);
         throw fetchError;
       } finally {
-        // 恢复原来的 dispatcher
+        // Restore original dispatcher
         setGlobalDispatcher(originalDispatcher);
-        // 清理临时创建的代理 agent
+        // Clean up temporary proxy agent
         if (agent && typeof agent.destroy === 'function') {
           try {
             await agent.destroy();

apps/desktop/src/main/modules/networkProxy/urlBuilder.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { NetworkProxySettings } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
 
 /**
- * 代理 URL 构建器
+ * Proxy URL builder
  */
 export const ProxyUrlBuilder = {
   /**
-   * 构建代理 URL
+   * Build proxy URL
    */
   build(config: NetworkProxySettings): string {
     const { proxyType, proxyServer, proxyPort, proxyRequireAuth, proxyUsername, proxyPassword } =
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export const ProxyUrlBuilder = {
 
     let proxyUrl = `${proxyType}://${proxyServer}:${proxyPort}`;
 
-    // 添加认证信息
+    // Add authentication information
     if (proxyRequireAuth && proxyUsername && proxyPassword) {
       const encodedUsername = encodeURIComponent(proxyUsername);
       const encodedPassword = encodeURIComponent(proxyPassword);

apps/desktop/src/main/modules/networkProxy/validator.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { NetworkProxySettings } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
 
 /**
- * 代理配置验证结果
+ * Proxy configuration validation result
  */
 export interface ProxyValidationResult {
   errors: string[];
@@ -9,38 +9,38 @@ export interface ProxyValidationResult {
 }
 
 /**
- * 代理配置验证器
+ * Proxy configuration validator
  */
 export class ProxyConfigValidator {
   private static readonly SUPPORTED_TYPES = ['http', 'https', 'socks5'] as const;
   private static readonly DEFAULT_BYPASS = 'localhost,127.0.0.1,::1';
 
   /**
-   * 验证代理配置
+   * Validate proxy configuration
    */
   static validate(config: NetworkProxySettings): ProxyValidationResult {
     const errors: string[] = [];
 
-    // 如果未启用代理，跳过验证
+    // If proxy is not enabled, skip validation
     if (!config.enableProxy) {
       return { errors: [], isValid: true };
     }
 
-    // 验证代理类型
+    // Validate proxy type
     if (!this.SUPPORTED_TYPES.includes(config.proxyType as any)) {
       errors.push(
         `Unsupported proxy type: ${config.proxyType}. Supported types: ${this.SUPPORTED_TYPES.join(', ')}`,
       );
     }
 
-    // 验证代理服务器
+    // Validate proxy server
     if (!config.proxyServer?.trim()) {
       errors.push('Proxy server is required when proxy is enabled');
     } else if (!this.isValidHost(config.proxyServer)) {
       errors.push('Invalid proxy server format');
     }
 
-    // 验证代理端口
+    // Validate proxy port
     if (!config.proxyPort?.trim()) {
       errors.push('Proxy port is required when proxy is enabled');
     } else {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export class ProxyConfigValidator {
       }
     }
 
-    // 验证认证信息
+    // Validate authentication information
     if (config.proxyRequireAuth) {
       if (!config.proxyUsername?.trim()) {
         errors.push('Proxy username is required when authentication is enabled');
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ export class ProxyConfigValidator {
   }
 
   /**
-   * 验证主机名格式
+   * Validate host format
    */
   private static isValidHost(host: string): boolean {
-    // 简单的主机名验证（IP 地址或域名）
+    // Simple host validation (IP address or domain name)
     const ipRegex = /^(\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}$/;
     const domainRegex =
       /^[\dA-Za-z]([\dA-Za-z-]*[\dA-Za-z])?(\.[\dA-Za-z]([\dA-Za-z-]*[\dA-Za-z])?)*$/;

apps/desktop/src/main/services/__tests__/fileSearchSrv.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+import { FileSearchImpl } from '@/modules/fileSearch';
+import type { FileResult, SearchOptions } from '@/types/fileSearch';
+
+import FileSearchService from '../fileSearchSrv';
+
+// Mock the fileSearch module
+vi.mock('@/modules/fileSearch', () => {
+  const MockFileSearchImpl = vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
+    search: vi.fn(),
+    checkSearchServiceStatus: vi.fn(),
+    updateSearchIndex: vi.fn(),
+  }));
+
+  return {
+    FileSearchImpl: vi.fn(),
+    createFileSearchModule: vi.fn(() => new MockFileSearchImpl()),
+  };
+});
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+describe('FileSearchService', () => {
+  let fileSearchService: FileSearchService;
+  let mockApp: App;
+  let mockImpl: {
+    search: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    checkSearchServiceStatus: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    updateSearchIndex: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Setup mock app
+    mockApp = {} as unknown as App;
+
+    fileSearchService = new FileSearchService(mockApp);
+
+    // Get the mock implementation instance
+    mockImpl = (fileSearchService as any).impl;
+  });
+
+  describe('search', () => {
+    it('should perform search with query and default options', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [
+        {
+          name: 'test.txt',
+          path: '/home/user/test.txt',
+          type: 'text/plain',
+          size: 1024,
+          isDirectory: false,
+          createdTime: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+          modifiedTime: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+          lastAccessTime: new Date('2024-01-03'),
+        },
+      ];
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.search('test');
+
+      expect(mockImpl.search).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ keywords: 'test' });
+      expect(result).toEqual(mockResults);
+    });
+
+    it('should perform search with query and custom options', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [
+        {
+          name: 'document.pdf',
+          path: '/home/user/documents/document.pdf',
+          type: 'application/pdf',
+          size: 2048,
+          isDirectory: false,
+          createdTime: new Date('2024-02-01'),
+          modifiedTime: new Date('2024-02-02'),
+          lastAccessTime: new Date('2024-02-03'),
+        },
+      ];
+
+      const options: Omit<SearchOptions, 'keywords'> = {
+        limit: 10,
+        fileTypes: ['public.pdf'],
+        onlyIn: '/home/user/documents',
+      };
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.search('document', options);
+
+      expect(mockImpl.search).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        keywords: 'document',
+        limit: 10,
+        fileTypes: ['public.pdf'],
+        onlyIn: '/home/user/documents',
+      });
+      expect(result).toEqual(mockResults);
+    });
+
+    it('should perform search with date filters', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [];
+      const createdAfter = new Date('2024-01-01');
+      const createdBefore = new Date('2024-12-31');
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      await fileSearchService.search('test', {
+        createdAfter,
+        createdBefore,
+      });
+
+      expect(mockImpl.search).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        keywords: 'test',
+        createdAfter,
+        createdBefore,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should perform search with content filter', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [];
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      await fileSearchService.search('test', {
+        contentContains: 'specific text',
+      });
+
+      expect(mockImpl.search).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        keywords: 'test',
+        contentContains: 'specific text',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should perform search with sorting options', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [];
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      await fileSearchService.search('test', {
+        sortBy: 'date',
+        sortDirection: 'desc',
+      });
+
+      expect(mockImpl.search).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        keywords: 'test',
+        sortBy: 'date',
+        sortDirection: 'desc',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should perform search with exclude filter', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [];
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      await fileSearchService.search('test', {
+        exclude: ['/node_modules', '/dist'],
+      });
+
+      expect(mockImpl.search).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        keywords: 'test',
+        exclude: ['/node_modules', '/dist'],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should return empty array when no results found', async () => {
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.search('nonexistent');
+
+      expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('should return results with metadata when detailed option is enabled', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [
+        {
+          name: 'image.jpg',
+          path: '/home/user/images/image.jpg',
+          type: 'image/jpeg',
+          size: 4096,
+          isDirectory: false,
+          createdTime: new Date('2024-03-01'),
+          modifiedTime: new Date('2024-03-02'),
+          lastAccessTime: new Date('2024-03-03'),
+          metadata: {
+            width: 1920,
+            height: 1080,
+            orientation: 'landscape',
+          },
+        },
+      ];
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.search('image', { detailed: true });
+
+      expect(mockImpl.search).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        keywords: 'image',
+        detailed: true,
+      });
+      expect(result[0].metadata).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result[0].metadata?.width).toBe(1920);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle search errors gracefully', async () => {
+      mockImpl.search.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Search service unavailable'));
+
+      await expect(fileSearchService.search('test')).rejects.toThrow('Search service unavailable');
+    });
+
+    it('should perform search with all available options', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [];
+      const allOptions: Omit<SearchOptions, 'keywords'> = {
+        limit: 50,
+        fileTypes: ['public.image', 'public.movie'],
+        onlyIn: '/home/user/media',
+        exclude: ['/home/user/media/temp'],
+        contentContains: 'vacation',
+        createdAfter: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+        createdBefore: new Date('2024-12-31'),
+        modifiedAfter: new Date('2024-06-01'),
+        modifiedBefore: new Date('2024-12-31'),
+        sortBy: 'size',
+        sortDirection: 'desc',
+        detailed: true,
+        liveUpdate: false,
+      };
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      await fileSearchService.search('vacation photos', allOptions);
+
+      expect(mockImpl.search).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        keywords: 'vacation photos',
+        ...allOptions,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('checkSearchServiceStatus', () => {
+    it('should return true when search service is available', async () => {
+      mockImpl.checkSearchServiceStatus.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.checkSearchServiceStatus();
+
+      expect(mockImpl.checkSearchServiceStatus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when search service is unavailable', async () => {
+      mockImpl.checkSearchServiceStatus.mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.checkSearchServiceStatus();
+
+      expect(mockImpl.checkSearchServiceStatus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle status check errors', async () => {
+      mockImpl.checkSearchServiceStatus.mockRejectedValue(
+        new Error('Unable to check service status'),
+      );
+
+      await expect(fileSearchService.checkSearchServiceStatus()).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Unable to check service status',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateSearchIndex', () => {
+    it('should update search index without path', async () => {
+      mockImpl.updateSearchIndex.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.updateSearchIndex();
+
+      expect(mockImpl.updateSearchIndex).toHaveBeenCalledWith(undefined);
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should update search index with specified path', async () => {
+      mockImpl.updateSearchIndex.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.updateSearchIndex('/home/user/documents');
+
+      expect(mockImpl.updateSearchIndex).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/home/user/documents');
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when index update fails', async () => {
+      mockImpl.updateSearchIndex.mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.updateSearchIndex('/home/user/documents');
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle index update errors', async () => {
+      mockImpl.updateSearchIndex.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Index update failed'));
+
+      await expect(fileSearchService.updateSearchIndex('/home/user/documents')).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Index update failed',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should handle index update for multiple different paths', async () => {
+      mockImpl.updateSearchIndex.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+      const paths = ['/home/user/documents', '/home/user/downloads', '/home/user/desktop'];
+
+      for (const path of paths) {
+        const result = await fileSearchService.updateSearchIndex(path);
+        expect(result).toBe(true);
+      }
+
+      expect(mockImpl.updateSearchIndex).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(paths.length);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('integration behavior', () => {
+    it('should maintain consistent state across multiple operations', async () => {
+      mockImpl.checkSearchServiceStatus.mockResolvedValue(true);
+      mockImpl.updateSearchIndex.mockResolvedValue(true);
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const statusBefore = await fileSearchService.checkSearchServiceStatus();
+      expect(statusBefore).toBe(true);
+
+      await fileSearchService.updateSearchIndex('/home/user');
+
+      const statusAfter = await fileSearchService.checkSearchServiceStatus();
+      expect(statusAfter).toBe(true);
+
+      const results = await fileSearchService.search('test');
+      expect(results).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle directory search results correctly', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [
+        {
+          name: 'documents',
+          path: '/home/user/documents',
+          type: 'directory',
+          size: 0,
+          isDirectory: true,
+          createdTime: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+          modifiedTime: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+          lastAccessTime: new Date('2024-01-03'),
+        },
+      ];
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.search('documents');
+
+      expect(result[0].isDirectory).toBe(true);
+      expect(result[0].type).toBe('directory');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle mixed file and directory results', async () => {
+      const mockResults: FileResult[] = [
+        {
+          name: 'documents',
+          path: '/home/user/documents',
+          type: 'directory',
+          size: 0,
+          isDirectory: true,
+          createdTime: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+          modifiedTime: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+          lastAccessTime: new Date('2024-01-03'),
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'readme.txt',
+          path: '/home/user/documents/readme.txt',
+          type: 'text/plain',
+          size: 512,
+          isDirectory: false,
+          createdTime: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+          modifiedTime: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+          lastAccessTime: new Date('2024-01-03'),
+        },
+      ];
+
+      mockImpl.search.mockResolvedValue(mockResults);
+
+      const result = await fileSearchService.search('readme');
+
+      expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(result[0].isDirectory).toBe(true);
+      expect(result[1].isDirectory).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/services/__tests__/fileSrv.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { App } from '@/core/App';
+
+import FileService, { FileNotFoundError } from '../fileSrv';
+
+// Mock electron
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  app: {
+    getAppPath: vi.fn(() => '/mock/app/path'),
+    getPath: vi.fn(() => '/mock/user/data'),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock constants that depend on electron
+vi.mock('@/const/dir', () => ({
+  FILE_STORAGE_DIR: 'file-storage',
+  LOCAL_STORAGE_URL_PREFIX: '/lobe-desktop-file',
+}));
+
+// Mock logger
+vi.mock('@/utils/logger', () => ({
+  createLogger: () => ({
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Mock file-system utilities
+vi.mock('@/utils/file-system', () => ({
+  makeSureDirExist: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// Mock node:fs/promises
+vi.mock('node:fs/promises', () => ({
+  writeFile: vi.fn(),
+  readFile: vi.fn(),
+  access: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// Mock node:fs
+vi.mock('node:fs', () => ({
+  default: {
+    constants: { F_OK: 0 },
+    promises: { access: vi.fn() },
+    readFile: vi.fn(),
+    unlink: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  constants: { F_OK: 0 },
+  promises: { access: vi.fn() },
+  readFile: vi.fn(),
+  unlink: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// Mock node:util promisify
+vi.mock('node:util', () => ({
+  promisify: vi.fn((fn: any) => {
+    return vi.fn(async (...args: any[]) => {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        fn(...args, (err: any, data: any) => {
+          if (err) reject(err);
+          else resolve(data);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }),
+}));
+
+describe('FileService', () => {
+  let fileService: FileService;
+  let mockApp: App;
+  let mockMakeSureDirExist: any;
+  let mockWriteFile: any;
+  let mockReadFile: any;
+  let mockAccess: any;
+  let mockFsReadFile: any;
+  let mockFsUnlink: any;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Setup mock app
+    mockApp = {
+      appStoragePath: '/mock/app/storage',
+      staticFileServerManager: {
+        getFileServerDomain: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('http://localhost:3000'),
+      },
+    } as unknown as App;
+
+    // Import mocks
+    mockMakeSureDirExist = (await import('@/utils/file-system')).makeSureDirExist;
+    const fsPromises = await import('node:fs/promises');
+    mockWriteFile = fsPromises.writeFile;
+    mockReadFile = fsPromises.readFile;
+    mockAccess = fsPromises.access;
+
+    const fs = await import('node:fs');
+    mockFsReadFile = fs.readFile;
+    mockFsUnlink = fs.unlink;
+
+    fileService = new FileService(mockApp);
+  });
+
+  describe('uploadFile', () => {
+    it('should upload file with ArrayBuffer content successfully', async () => {
+      const content = new ArrayBuffer(10);
+      const params = {
+        content,
+        filename: 'test.png',
+        hash: 'abc123',
+        path: 'user_uploads/images/test.png',
+        type: 'image/png',
+      };
+
+      mockWriteFile.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await fileService.uploadFile(params);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.metadata.filename).toBe('test.png');
+      expect(result.metadata.dirname).toBe('user_uploads/images');
+      expect(result.metadata.path).toBe('desktop://user_uploads/images/test.png');
+      expect(mockMakeSureDirExist).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockWriteFile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2); // file + metadata
+    });
+
+    it('should upload file with Base64 string content successfully', async () => {
+      const base64Content = Buffer.from('test content').toString('base64');
+      const params = {
+        content: base64Content,
+        filename: 'test.txt',
+        hash: 'def456',
+        path: 'documents/test.txt',
+        type: 'text/plain',
+      };
+
+      mockWriteFile.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await fileService.uploadFile(params);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.metadata.filename).toBe('test.txt');
+      expect(result.metadata.path).toBe('desktop://documents/test.txt');
+    });
+
+    it('should create metadata file with correct structure', async () => {
+      const content = new ArrayBuffer(100);
+      const params = {
+        content,
+        filename: 'image.jpg',
+        hash: 'xyz789',
+        path: 'photos/image.jpg',
+        type: 'image/jpeg',
+      };
+
+      let metadataContent: string = '';
+      mockWriteFile.mockImplementation(async (path: any, data: any) => {
+        if (path.toString().endsWith('.meta')) {
+          metadataContent = data;
+        }
+      });
+
+      await fileService.uploadFile(params);
+
+      expect(metadataContent).toBeTruthy();
+      const metadata = JSON.parse(metadataContent);
+      expect(metadata.filename).toBe('image.jpg');
+      expect(metadata.hash).toBe('xyz789');
+      expect(metadata.type).toBe('image/jpeg');
+      expect(metadata.size).toBe(100);
+      expect(metadata.createdAt).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle upload failure and throw error', async () => {
+      const params = {
+        content: new ArrayBuffer(10),
+        filename: 'test.png',
+        hash: 'abc123',
+        path: 'uploads/test.png',
+        type: 'image/png',
+      };
+
+      mockWriteFile.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Disk full'));
+
+      await expect(fileService.uploadFile(params)).rejects.toThrow('File upload failed: Disk full');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle file path with no directory', async () => {
+      const params = {
+        content: new ArrayBuffer(10),
+        filename: 'test.txt',
+        hash: 'abc',
+        path: 'test.txt',
+        type: 'text/plain',
+      };
+
+      mockWriteFile.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await fileService.uploadFile(params);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.metadata.dirname).toBe('');
+      expect(result.metadata.filename).toBe('test.txt');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getFile', () => {
+    it('should get file from new path format successfully', async () => {
+      const mockContent = Buffer.from('test content');
+
+      mockFsReadFile.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(null, mockContent);
+      });
+
+      // Mock metadata read failure, will infer from extension
+      mockReadFile.mockRejectedValue(new Error('No metadata'));
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFile('desktop://documents/test.txt');
+
+      // Since metadata fails, it will use default or infer from extension
+      expect(result.mimeType).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.content).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should get file from legacy path format (timestamp directory)', async () => {
+      const mockContent = Buffer.from('legacy content');
+
+      mockFsReadFile.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(null, mockContent);
+      });
+
+      // Mock metadata read to succeed this time
+      mockReadFile.mockResolvedValue(JSON.stringify({ type: 'image/png' }));
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFile('desktop://1234567890/abc123.png');
+
+      // Check that result is returned
+      expect(result.mimeType).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.content).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback from legacy to new path on failure', async () => {
+      const mockContent = Buffer.from('fallback content');
+
+      let callCount = 0;
+      mockFsReadFile.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callCount++;
+        if (callCount === 1) {
+          // First read (legacy) fails
+          const error: any = new Error('ENOENT');
+          error.code = 'ENOENT';
+          callback(error, null);
+        } else {
+          // Second read (fallback) succeeds
+          callback(null, mockContent);
+        }
+      });
+
+      mockReadFile.mockRejectedValue(new Error('No metadata'));
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFile('desktop://1234567890/fallback.jpg');
+
+      // Check that fallback worked and result is returned
+      expect(result.content).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.mimeType).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should infer MIME type from file extension when metadata missing', async () => {
+      const mockContent = Buffer.from('image data');
+
+      mockFsReadFile.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(null, mockContent);
+      });
+
+      mockReadFile.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Metadata not found'));
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFile('desktop://images/photo.png');
+
+      expect(result.mimeType).toBe('image/png');
+    });
+
+    it('should infer correct MIME types for various image formats', async () => {
+      const mockContent = Buffer.from('image');
+
+      const testCases = [
+        { path: 'desktop://test.jpg', expected: 'image/jpeg' },
+        { path: 'desktop://test.jpeg', expected: 'image/jpeg' },
+        { path: 'desktop://test.gif', expected: 'image/gif' },
+        { path: 'desktop://test.webp', expected: 'image/webp' },
+        { path: 'desktop://test.svg', expected: 'image/svg+xml' },
+        { path: 'desktop://test.pdf', expected: 'application/pdf' },
+      ];
+
+      mockFsReadFile.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(null, mockContent);
+      });
+
+      for (const testCase of testCases) {
+        mockReadFile.mockRejectedValue(new Error('No metadata'));
+
+        const result = await fileService.getFile(testCase.path);
+        expect(result.mimeType).toBe(testCase.expected);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should use default MIME type for unknown extensions', async () => {
+      const mockContent = Buffer.from('unknown');
+
+      mockFsReadFile.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(null, mockContent);
+      });
+
+      mockReadFile.mockRejectedValue(new Error('No metadata'));
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFile('desktop://file.unknown');
+
+      expect(result.mimeType).toBe('application/octet-stream');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw FileNotFoundError when file does not exist', async () => {
+      mockFsReadFile.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        const error: any = new Error('ENOENT: no such file');
+        error.code = 'ENOENT';
+        error.message = 'ENOENT: no such file';
+        callback(error, null);
+      });
+
+      await expect(fileService.getFile('desktop://missing/file.txt')).rejects.toThrow(
+        FileNotFoundError,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid path without desktop:// prefix', async () => {
+      await expect(fileService.getFile('/invalid/path.txt')).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Invalid desktop file path',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('deleteFile', () => {
+    it('should delete file from new path format successfully', async () => {
+      mockFsUnlink.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(null);
+      });
+
+      const result = await fileService.deleteFile('desktop://documents/test.txt');
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should delete file from legacy path format', async () => {
+      mockFsUnlink.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(null);
+      });
+
+      const result = await fileService.deleteFile('desktop://1234567890/file.png');
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback from legacy to new path on deletion failure', async () => {
+      let callCount = 0;
+      mockFsUnlink.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callCount++;
+        if (callCount === 1) {
+          // First attempt (legacy file) fails
+          callback(new Error('ENOENT'));
+        } else {
+          // All subsequent attempts succeed
+          callback(null);
+        }
+      });
+
+      const result = await fileService.deleteFile('desktop://1234567890/fallback.txt');
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle metadata deletion failure gracefully', async () => {
+      let callCount = 0;
+      mockFsUnlink.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callCount++;
+        if (callCount === 1) {
+          // File deletion succeeds
+          callback(null);
+        } else {
+          // Metadata deletion fails (but doesn't throw)
+          callback(new Error('Metadata not found'));
+        }
+      });
+
+      const result = await fileService.deleteFile('desktop://files/test.txt');
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error when file deletion fails', async () => {
+      mockFsUnlink.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(new Error('Permission denied'));
+      });
+
+      await expect(fileService.deleteFile('desktop://protected/file.txt')).rejects.toThrow(
+        'File deletion failed: Permission denied',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid path without desktop:// prefix', async () => {
+      await expect(fileService.deleteFile('/invalid/path.txt')).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Invalid desktop file path',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('deleteFiles', () => {
+    it('should delete multiple files successfully', async () => {
+      mockFsUnlink.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callback(null);
+      });
+
+      const paths = [
+        'desktop://files/file1.txt',
+        'desktop://files/file2.txt',
+        'desktop://files/file3.txt',
+      ];
+
+      const result = await fileService.deleteFiles(paths);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.errors).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle partial failures in batch deletion', async () => {
+      let callCount = 0;
+      mockFsUnlink.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        callCount++;
+        // Fail on a specific file
+        if (path.includes('file2.txt') && !path.includes('.meta')) {
+          callback(new Error('Permission denied'));
+        } else {
+          callback(null);
+        }
+      });
+
+      const paths = [
+        'desktop://files/file1.txt',
+        'desktop://files/file2.txt',
+        'desktop://files/file3.txt',
+      ];
+
+      const result = await fileService.deleteFiles(paths);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.errors?.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should return errors array with failed file paths', async () => {
+      mockFsUnlink.mockImplementation((path: any, callback: any) => {
+        if (path.includes('file2') && !path.includes('.meta')) {
+          callback(new Error('Access denied'));
+        } else {
+          callback(null);
+        }
+      });
+
+      const paths = ['desktop://files/file1.txt', 'desktop://files/file2.txt'];
+
+      const result = await fileService.deleteFiles(paths);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.errors?.[0].path).toBe('desktop://files/file2.txt');
+      expect(result.errors?.[0].message).toContain('Access denied');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty paths array', async () => {
+      const result = await fileService.deleteFiles([]);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.errors).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getFilePath', () => {
+    it('should return correct path for new format', async () => {
+      mockAccess.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFilePath('desktop://documents/test.txt');
+
+      expect(result).toBe('/mock/app/storage/file-storage/documents/test.txt');
+    });
+
+    it('should return legacy path when file exists in uploads directory', async () => {
+      mockAccess.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFilePath('desktop://1234567890/legacy.png');
+
+      expect(result).toBe('/mock/app/storage/file-storage/uploads/1234567890/legacy.png');
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback to new path when legacy path does not exist', async () => {
+      mockAccess
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Not found')) // legacy fails
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined); // fallback succeeds
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFilePath('desktop://1234567890/migrated.png');
+
+      // When legacy path doesn't exist and fallback exists, it returns the fallback path
+      // But since isLegacyPath returns true for timestamps, and the fallback succeeds,
+      // it should update to the fallback path
+      expect(result).toContain('1234567890/migrated.png');
+    });
+
+    it('should return legacy path when both paths do not exist', async () => {
+      mockAccess
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Not found'))
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Not found'));
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFilePath('desktop://1234567890/missing.png');
+
+      expect(result).toBe('/mock/app/storage/file-storage/uploads/1234567890/missing.png');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid path', async () => {
+      await expect(fileService.getFilePath('/invalid/path')).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Invalid desktop file path',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getFileHTTPURL', () => {
+    it('should generate correct HTTP URL for new format', async () => {
+      const result = await fileService.getFileHTTPURL('desktop://documents/photo.jpg');
+
+      expect(result).toBe('http://localhost:3000/lobe-desktop-file/documents/photo.jpg');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate correct HTTP URL for legacy format', async () => {
+      const result = await fileService.getFileHTTPURL('desktop://1234567890/image.png');
+
+      expect(result).toBe('http://localhost:3000/lobe-desktop-file/1234567890/image.png');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid path', async () => {
+      await expect(fileService.getFileHTTPURL('/invalid/path')).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Invalid desktop file path',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should handle paths with special characters', async () => {
+      const result = await fileService.getFileHTTPURL('desktop://user/my%20file.txt');
+
+      expect(result).toBe('http://localhost:3000/lobe-desktop-file/user/my%20file.txt');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isLegacyPath (via behavior testing)', () => {
+    it('should treat timestamp-based paths as legacy', async () => {
+      mockAccess.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFilePath('desktop://1234567890/file.txt');
+
+      // Legacy paths go to uploads directory
+      expect(result).toContain('uploads/1234567890/file.txt');
+    });
+
+    it('should treat custom paths as new format', async () => {
+      mockAccess.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFilePath('desktop://custom/path/file.txt');
+
+      expect(result).toContain('file-storage/custom/path/file.txt');
+      expect(result).not.toContain('uploads');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle single-level paths correctly', async () => {
+      mockAccess.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const result = await fileService.getFilePath('desktop://file.txt');
+
+      expect(result).toContain('file-storage/file.txt');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('UPLOADS_DIR getter', () => {
+    it('should return correct uploads directory path', () => {
+      expect(fileService.UPLOADS_DIR).toBe('/mock/app/storage/file-storage/uploads');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('FileNotFoundError', () => {
+    it('should create error with correct properties', () => {
+      const error = new FileNotFoundError('File not found', 'desktop://missing.txt');
+
+      expect(error.name).toBe('FileNotFoundError');
+      expect(error.message).toBe('File not found');
+      expect(error.path).toBe('desktop://missing.txt');
+      expect(error instanceof Error).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/utils/__tests__/file-system.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import { mkdirSync, statSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { makeSureDirExist } from '../file-system';
+
+vi.mock('node:fs', () => ({
+  mkdirSync: vi.fn(),
+  statSync: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+describe('file-system', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('makeSureDirExist', () => {
+    it('should not create directory if it already exists', () => {
+      const dir = '/test/path';
+      vi.mocked(statSync).mockReturnValue({} as any);
+
+      makeSureDirExist(dir);
+
+      expect(statSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(dir);
+      expect(mkdirSync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should create directory if it does not exist', () => {
+      const dir = '/test/new-path';
+      vi.mocked(statSync).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('ENOENT: no such file or directory');
+      });
+
+      makeSureDirExist(dir);
+
+      expect(statSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(dir);
+      expect(mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(dir, { recursive: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should create directory recursively', () => {
+      const dir = '/test/deeply/nested/path';
+      vi.mocked(statSync).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('ENOENT: no such file or directory');
+      });
+
+      makeSureDirExist(dir);
+
+      expect(mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(dir, { recursive: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if mkdir fails due to permission issues', () => {
+      const dir = '/test/permission-denied';
+      vi.mocked(statSync).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('ENOENT: no such file or directory');
+      });
+      vi.mocked(mkdirSync).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('EACCES: permission denied');
+      });
+
+      expect(() => makeSureDirExist(dir)).toThrowError(
+        `Could not create target directory: ${dir}. Error: EACCES: permission denied`,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if mkdir fails with custom error message', () => {
+      const dir = '/test/custom-error';
+      const customError = new Error('Custom mkdir error');
+      vi.mocked(statSync).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('ENOENT: no such file or directory');
+      });
+      vi.mocked(mkdirSync).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw customError;
+      });
+
+      expect(() => makeSureDirExist(dir)).toThrowError(
+        `Could not create target directory: ${dir}. Error: Custom mkdir error`,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty directory path', () => {
+      const dir = '';
+      vi.mocked(statSync).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('ENOENT: no such file or directory');
+      });
+      vi.mocked(mkdirSync).mockImplementation(() => undefined);
+
+      makeSureDirExist(dir);
+
+      expect(mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('', { recursive: true });
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/utils/__tests__/logger.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import debug from 'debug';
+import electronLog from 'electron-log';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { createLogger } from '../logger';
+
+vi.mock('debug');
+vi.mock('electron-log', () => ({
+  default: {
+    transports: {
+      file: { level: 'info' },
+      console: { level: 'warn' },
+    },
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    verbose: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+describe('logger', () => {
+  const mockDebugLogger = vi.fn();
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.mocked(debug).mockReturnValue(mockDebugLogger as any);
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete (process.env as NodeJS.ProcessEnv & { NODE_ENV?: string }).NODE_ENV;
+    delete process.env.DEBUG_VERBOSE;
+  });
+
+  describe('createLogger', () => {
+    it('should create logger with correct namespace', () => {
+      const namespace = 'test:logger';
+      createLogger(namespace);
+
+      expect(debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(namespace);
+    });
+
+    it('should return logger object with all methods', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:logger');
+
+      expect(logger).toHaveProperty('debug');
+      expect(logger).toHaveProperty('error');
+      expect(logger).toHaveProperty('info');
+      expect(logger).toHaveProperty('verbose');
+      expect(logger).toHaveProperty('warn');
+      expect(typeof logger.debug).toBe('function');
+      expect(typeof logger.error).toBe('function');
+      expect(typeof logger.info).toBe('function');
+      expect(typeof logger.verbose).toBe('function');
+      expect(typeof logger.warn).toBe('function');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('logger.debug', () => {
+    it('should call debug logger with message and args', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:debug');
+      logger.debug('test message', { data: 'value' });
+
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test message', { data: 'value' });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple arguments', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:debug');
+      logger.debug('message', 'arg1', 'arg2', 'arg3');
+
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('message', 'arg1', 'arg2', 'arg3');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('logger.error', () => {
+    it('should use electronLog.error in production', () => {
+      (process.env as NodeJS.ProcessEnv & { NODE_ENV?: string }).NODE_ENV = 'production';
+      const logger = createLogger('test:error');
+      logger.error('error message', { error: 'details' });
+
+      expect(electronLog.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith('error message', { error: 'details' });
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should use console.error in development', () => {
+      (process.env as NodeJS.ProcessEnv & { NODE_ENV?: string }).NODE_ENV = 'development';
+      const consoleErrorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      const logger = createLogger('test:error');
+      logger.error('error message', { error: 'details' });
+
+      expect(consoleErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('error message', { error: 'details' });
+      expect(electronLog.error).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      consoleErrorSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('should default to console.error when NODE_ENV is not set', () => {
+      const consoleErrorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      const logger = createLogger('test:error');
+      logger.error('error message');
+
+      expect(consoleErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('error message');
+      expect(electronLog.error).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      consoleErrorSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('logger.info', () => {
+    it('should use electronLog.info with namespace in production', () => {
+      (process.env as NodeJS.ProcessEnv & { NODE_ENV?: string }).NODE_ENV = 'production';
+      const logger = createLogger('test:info');
+      logger.info('info message', { data: 'value' });
+
+      expect(electronLog.info).toHaveBeenCalledWith('[test:info]', 'info message', {
+        data: 'value',
+      });
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('INFO: info message', { data: 'value' });
+    });
+
+    it('should use debug logger in development', () => {
+      (process.env as NodeJS.ProcessEnv & { NODE_ENV?: string }).NODE_ENV = 'development';
+      const logger = createLogger('test:info');
+      logger.info('info message', { data: 'value' });
+
+      expect(electronLog.info).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('INFO: info message', { data: 'value' });
+    });
+
+    it('should always call debug logger regardless of environment', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:info');
+      logger.info('info message');
+
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('INFO: info message');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('logger.verbose', () => {
+    it('should always call electronLog.verbose', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:verbose');
+      logger.verbose('verbose message', { data: 'value' });
+
+      expect(electronLog.verbose).toHaveBeenCalledWith('verbose message', { data: 'value' });
+    });
+
+    it('should call debug logger when DEBUG_VERBOSE is set', () => {
+      process.env.DEBUG_VERBOSE = 'true';
+      const logger = createLogger('test:verbose');
+      logger.verbose('verbose message', { data: 'value' });
+
+      expect(electronLog.verbose).toHaveBeenCalledWith('verbose message', { data: 'value' });
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('VERBOSE: verbose message', { data: 'value' });
+    });
+
+    it('should not call debug logger when DEBUG_VERBOSE is not set', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:verbose');
+      logger.verbose('verbose message', { data: 'value' });
+
+      expect(electronLog.verbose).toHaveBeenCalledWith('verbose message', { data: 'value' });
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('logger.warn', () => {
+    it('should use electronLog.warn in production', () => {
+      (process.env as NodeJS.ProcessEnv & { NODE_ENV?: string }).NODE_ENV = 'production';
+      const logger = createLogger('test:warn');
+      logger.warn('warn message', { warning: 'details' });
+
+      expect(electronLog.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith('warn message', { warning: 'details' });
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('WARN: warn message', { warning: 'details' });
+    });
+
+    it('should not use electronLog.warn in development', () => {
+      (process.env as NodeJS.ProcessEnv & { NODE_ENV?: string }).NODE_ENV = 'development';
+      const logger = createLogger('test:warn');
+      logger.warn('warn message');
+
+      expect(electronLog.warn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('WARN: warn message');
+    });
+
+    it('should always call debug logger regardless of environment', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:warn');
+      logger.warn('warn message');
+
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('WARN: warn message');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('logger integration', () => {
+    it('should handle empty messages', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:integration');
+      logger.debug('');
+      logger.info('');
+      logger.warn('');
+
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('');
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('INFO: ');
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('WARN: ');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle no additional arguments', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('test:integration');
+      logger.debug('message');
+      logger.error('message');
+      logger.info('message');
+      logger.verbose('message');
+      logger.warn('message');
+
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith('message');
+    });
+
+    it('should format messages consistently across different log levels', () => {
+      const logger = createLogger('app:test');
+      const message = 'test message';
+      const args = { key: 'value' };
+
+      logger.debug(message, args);
+      logger.info(message, args);
+      logger.warn(message, args);
+      logger.verbose(message, args);
+
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith(message, args);
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith(`INFO: ${message}`, args);
+      expect(mockDebugLogger).toHaveBeenCalledWith(`WARN: ${message}`, args);
+      expect(electronLog.verbose).toHaveBeenCalledWith(message, args);
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/utils/next-electron-rsc.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // copy from https://github.com/kirill-konshin/next-electron-rsc
 import { serialize as serializeCookie } from 'cookie';
 import { type Protocol, type Session } from 'electron';
+// @ts-ignore
 import type { NextConfig } from 'next';
+// @ts-ignore
 import type NextNodeServer from 'next/dist/server/next-server';
 import assert from 'node:assert';
 import { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from 'node:http';
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ export function createHandler({
     logger.info('Initializing Next.js app for production');
 
     // https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/pull/9851
-    // @ts-expect-error
+    // @ts-ignore
     // noinspection JSConstantReassignment
     process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production';
     const next = require(resolve.sync('next', { basedir: standaloneDir }));

apps/desktop/src/preload/electronApi.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+// Mock electron modules
+const mockElectronAPI = { someAPI: 'mock-electron-api' };
+const mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  contextBridge: {
+    exposeInMainWorld: mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld,
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('@electron-toolkit/preload', () => ({
+  electronAPI: mockElectronAPI,
+}));
+
+// Mock the invoke and streamer modules
+const mockInvoke = vi.fn();
+const mockOnStreamInvoke = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('./invoke', () => ({
+  invoke: mockInvoke,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./streamer', () => ({
+  onStreamInvoke: mockOnStreamInvoke,
+}));
+
+const { setupElectronApi } = await import('./electronApi');
+
+describe('setupElectronApi', () => {
+  let consoleErrorSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    consoleErrorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+  });
+
+  it('should expose electron API to main world', () => {
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld).toHaveBeenCalledWith('electron', mockElectronAPI);
+  });
+
+  it('should expose electronAPI with invoke and onStreamInvoke methods', () => {
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld).toHaveBeenCalledWith('electronAPI', {
+      invoke: mockInvoke,
+      onStreamInvoke: mockOnStreamInvoke,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should expose both APIs in correct order', () => {
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+
+    // First call should be for 'electron'
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld.mock.calls[0][0]).toBe('electron');
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld.mock.calls[0][1]).toBe(mockElectronAPI);
+
+    // Second call should be for 'electronAPI'
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld.mock.calls[1][0]).toBe('electronAPI');
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld.mock.calls[1][1]).toEqual({
+      invoke: mockInvoke,
+      onStreamInvoke: mockOnStreamInvoke,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should handle errors when exposing electron API fails', () => {
+    const error = new Error('Failed to expose electron API');
+    mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      throw error;
+    });
+
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    expect(consoleErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(error);
+    // Should still try to expose electronAPI even if first one fails
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should continue execution if exposing electronAPI fails', () => {
+    mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld
+      .mockImplementationOnce(() => {}) // First call succeeds
+      .mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+        throw new Error('Failed to expose electronAPI');
+      }); // Second call fails
+
+    // The second call throws and is not caught, so it will throw
+    // The error handling only wraps the first contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld call
+    expect(() => setupElectronApi()).toThrow('Failed to expose electronAPI');
+
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should only catch errors for electron API exposure', () => {
+    const error = new Error('Context bridge error');
+    mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      throw error;
+    });
+
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    // Error should be logged, not thrown
+    expect(consoleErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(error);
+    expect(consoleErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should expose correct invoke function reference', () => {
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    const exposedAPI = mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld.mock.calls[1][1];
+    expect(exposedAPI.invoke).toBe(mockInvoke);
+  });
+
+  it('should expose correct onStreamInvoke function reference', () => {
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    const exposedAPI = mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld.mock.calls[1][1];
+    expect(exposedAPI.onStreamInvoke).toBe(mockOnStreamInvoke);
+  });
+
+  it('should not modify the original functions', () => {
+    const originalInvoke = mockInvoke;
+    const originalOnStreamInvoke = mockOnStreamInvoke;
+
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    expect(mockInvoke).toBe(originalInvoke);
+    expect(mockOnStreamInvoke).toBe(originalOnStreamInvoke);
+  });
+
+  it('should be callable multiple times without side effects', () => {
+    setupElectronApi();
+    setupElectronApi();
+
+    // Should be called 4 times total (2 per setup call)
+    expect(mockContextBridgeExposeInMainWorld).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4);
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/preload/index.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import { setupRouteInterceptors } from './routeInterceptor';
 const setupPreload = () => {
   setupElectronApi();
 
-  // 设置路由拦截逻辑
+  // Setup route interception logic
   window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
-    // 设置客户端路由拦截器
+    // Setup client-side route interceptor
     setupRouteInterceptors();
   });
 };

apps/desktop/src/preload/invoke.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import { ClientDispatchEventKey } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+// Mock electron module
+const mockIpcRendererInvoke = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  ipcRenderer: {
+    invoke: mockIpcRendererInvoke,
+  },
+}));
+
+const { invoke } = await import('./invoke');
+
+describe('invoke', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should invoke ipcRenderer with correct event name and no data', async () => {
+    const expectedResult = { success: true };
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockResolvedValue(expectedResult);
+
+    const result = await invoke('getAppVersion' as ClientDispatchEventKey);
+
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('getAppVersion');
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(result).toEqual(expectedResult);
+  });
+
+  it('should invoke ipcRenderer with event name and single data parameter', async () => {
+    const eventData = { path: '/settings' };
+    const expectedResult = { navigated: true };
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockResolvedValue(expectedResult);
+
+    const result = await invoke('interceptRoute' as ClientDispatchEventKey, eventData);
+
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('interceptRoute', eventData);
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(result).toEqual(expectedResult);
+  });
+
+  it('should invoke ipcRenderer with event name and multiple data parameters', async () => {
+    const param1 = 'test-param-1';
+    const param2 = { value: 42 };
+    const param3 = [1, 2, 3];
+    const expectedResult = { processed: true };
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockResolvedValue(expectedResult);
+
+    // Use 'as any' to bypass type checking for testing multiple parameters
+    const result = await (invoke as any)('someEvent', param1, param2, param3);
+
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('someEvent', param1, param2, param3);
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(result).toEqual(expectedResult);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle ipcRenderer invoke rejection', async () => {
+    const error = new Error('IPC communication failed');
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+    await expect(invoke('getAppVersion' as ClientDispatchEventKey)).rejects.toThrow(
+      'IPC communication failed',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('getAppVersion');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle ipcRenderer returning undefined', async () => {
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+    const result = await invoke('someEvent' as ClientDispatchEventKey);
+
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('someEvent');
+    expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('should handle ipcRenderer returning null', async () => {
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    const result = await invoke('someEvent' as ClientDispatchEventKey);
+
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('someEvent');
+    expect(result).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('should preserve complex data structures', async () => {
+    const complexData = {
+      array: [1, 2, 3],
+      nested: {
+        bool: true,
+        null: null,
+        string: 'test',
+        undefined: undefined,
+      },
+      number: 42,
+    };
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockResolvedValue(complexData);
+
+    const result = await invoke('getData' as ClientDispatchEventKey);
+
+    expect(result).toEqual(complexData);
+  });
+
+  it('should maintain type safety with generic return type', async () => {
+    interface TestResponse {
+      message: string;
+      status: number;
+    }
+
+    const expectedResponse: TestResponse = { message: 'success', status: 200 };
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockResolvedValue(expectedResponse);
+
+    // Use 'as any' to bypass type checking for testing with mock event
+    const result = (await (invoke as any)('testEvent')) as TestResponse;
+
+    expect(result).toEqual(expectedResponse);
+    expect(typeof result.message).toBe('string');
+    expect(typeof result.status).toBe('number');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle concurrent invocations correctly', async () => {
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 1 })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 2 })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 3 });
+
+    const [result1, result2, result3] = await Promise.all([
+      invoke('event1' as ClientDispatchEventKey),
+      invoke('event2' as ClientDispatchEventKey),
+      invoke('event3' as ClientDispatchEventKey),
+    ]);
+
+    expect(result1).toEqual({ id: 1 });
+    expect(result2).toEqual({ id: 2 });
+    expect(result3).toEqual({ id: 3 });
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle empty string as data parameter', async () => {
+    mockIpcRendererInvoke.mockResolvedValue({ received: '' });
+
+    const result = await invoke('sendData' as ClientDispatchEventKey, '');
+
+    expect(mockIpcRendererInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('sendData', '');
+    expect(result).toEqual({ received: '' });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/preload/invoke.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { ClientDispatchEventKey, DispatchInvoke } from '@lobechat/electron-clien
 import { ipcRenderer } from 'electron';
 
 /**
- * client 端请求 electron main 端方法
+ * Client-side method to invoke electron main process
  */
 export const invoke: DispatchInvoke = async <T extends ClientDispatchEventKey>(
   event: T,

apps/desktop/src/preload/routeInterceptor.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+/**
+ * @vitest-environment happy-dom
+ */
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { invoke } from './invoke';
+
+// Mock dependencies
+vi.mock('./invoke', () => ({
+  invoke: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('~common/routes', () => ({
+  findMatchingRoute: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+const { findMatchingRoute } = await import('~common/routes');
+const { setupRouteInterceptors } = await import('./routeInterceptor');
+
+describe('setupRouteInterceptors', () => {
+  let consoleLogSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn>;
+  let consoleErrorSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Mock console methods
+    consoleLogSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'log').mockImplementation(() => {});
+    consoleErrorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+
+    // Setup happy-dom window and document
+    vi.stubGlobal('location', {
+      href: 'http://localhost:3000/chat',
+      origin: 'http://localhost:3000',
+      pathname: '/chat',
+    });
+
+    // Clear existing event listeners by resetting document
+    document.body.innerHTML = '';
+  });
+
+  describe('window.open interception', () => {
+    it('should intercept external URL and invoke openExternalLink', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const externalUrl = 'https://google.com';
+      const result = window.open(externalUrl, '_blank');
+
+      expect(invoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('openExternalLink', externalUrl);
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should intercept URL object for external link', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const externalUrl = new URL('https://github.com');
+      const result = window.open(externalUrl, '_blank');
+
+      expect(invoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('openExternalLink', 'https://github.com/');
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should allow internal link to proceed with original window.open', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const originalWindowOpen = window.open;
+      const internalUrl = 'http://localhost:3000/settings';
+
+      // We can't fully test the original behavior in happy-dom, but we can verify invoke is not called
+      window.open(internalUrl);
+
+      expect(invoke).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('openExternalLink', expect.anything());
+    });
+
+    it('should handle relative URL that resolves as internal link', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      // In happy-dom, 'invalid-url' is resolved relative to window.location.href
+      // So it becomes 'http://localhost:3000/invalid-url' which is internal
+      const relativeUrl = 'invalid-url';
+      window.open(relativeUrl);
+
+      // Since it's internal, it won't call invoke for external link
+      expect(invoke).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('openExternalLink', expect.anything());
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('link click interception', () => {
+    it('should intercept external link clicks', async () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const link = document.createElement('a');
+      link.href = 'https://example.com';
+      document.body.append(link);
+
+      const clickEvent = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+      const preventDefaultSpy = vi.spyOn(clickEvent, 'preventDefault');
+      const stopPropagationSpy = vi.spyOn(clickEvent, 'stopPropagation');
+
+      link.dispatchEvent(clickEvent);
+
+      // Wait for async handling
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+      expect(invoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('openExternalLink', 'https://example.com/');
+      expect(preventDefaultSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(stopPropagationSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should intercept internal link matching route pattern', async () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+
+      const link = document.createElement('a');
+      link.href = 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools';
+      document.body.append(link);
+
+      const clickEvent = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+      const preventDefaultSpy = vi.spyOn(clickEvent, 'preventDefault');
+
+      link.dispatchEvent(clickEvent);
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+      expect(findMatchingRoute).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/desktop/devtools');
+      expect(invoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('interceptRoute', {
+        path: '/desktop/devtools',
+        source: 'link-click',
+        url: 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools',
+      });
+      expect(preventDefaultSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not intercept if already on target page', async () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      // Set current location to be in the target page
+      vi.stubGlobal('location', {
+        href: 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools/console',
+        origin: 'http://localhost:3000',
+        pathname: '/desktop/devtools/console',
+      });
+
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+
+      const link = document.createElement('a');
+      link.href = 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools/network';
+      document.body.append(link);
+
+      const clickEvent = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+      const preventDefaultSpy = vi.spyOn(clickEvent, 'preventDefault');
+
+      link.dispatchEvent(clickEvent);
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+      expect(preventDefaultSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(invoke).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('interceptRoute', expect.anything());
+    });
+
+    it('should handle non-HTTP link protocols as external links', async () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const link = document.createElement('a');
+      link.href = 'mailto:test@example.com';
+      document.body.append(link);
+
+      const clickEvent = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+      const preventDefaultSpy = vi.spyOn(clickEvent, 'preventDefault');
+
+      link.dispatchEvent(clickEvent);
+
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+      // mailto: links are treated as external links by the URL constructor
+      expect(invoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('openExternalLink', 'mailto:test@example.com');
+      expect(preventDefaultSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('history.pushState interception', () => {
+    it('should intercept pushState for matched routes', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+
+      const originalLength = history.length;
+      history.pushState({}, '', '/desktop/devtools');
+
+      expect(findMatchingRoute).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/desktop/devtools');
+      expect(invoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('interceptRoute', {
+        path: '/desktop/devtools',
+        source: 'push-state',
+        url: 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools',
+      });
+      // Ensure navigation was prevented
+      expect(history.length).toBe(originalLength);
+    });
+
+    it('should not intercept if already on target page', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      vi.stubGlobal('location', {
+        href: 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools/console',
+        origin: 'http://localhost:3000',
+        pathname: '/desktop/devtools/console',
+      });
+
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+
+      history.pushState({}, '', '/desktop/devtools/network');
+
+      expect(consoleLogSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('Skip pushState interception'),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should allow pushState for non-matched routes', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(undefined);
+
+      history.pushState({}, '', '/chat/new');
+
+      expect(invoke).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('interceptRoute', expect.anything());
+    });
+
+    it('should handle pushState errors gracefully', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('Route matching error');
+      });
+
+      history.pushState({}, '', '/some/path');
+
+      expect(consoleErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('pushState interception error'),
+        expect.any(Error),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('history.replaceState interception', () => {
+    it('should intercept replaceState for matched routes', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+
+      history.replaceState({}, '', '/desktop/devtools');
+
+      expect(findMatchingRoute).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/desktop/devtools');
+      expect(invoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('interceptRoute', {
+        path: '/desktop/devtools',
+        source: 'replace-state',
+        url: 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should not intercept if already on target page', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      vi.stubGlobal('location', {
+        href: 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools/console',
+        origin: 'http://localhost:3000',
+        pathname: '/desktop/devtools/console',
+      });
+
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+
+      history.replaceState({}, '', '/desktop/devtools/network');
+
+      expect(consoleLogSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('Skip replaceState interception'),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should allow replaceState for non-matched routes', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(undefined);
+
+      history.replaceState({}, '', '/chat/session-123');
+
+      expect(invoke).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('interceptRoute', expect.anything());
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('error event interception', () => {
+    it('should prevent navigation errors for prevented paths', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      // First trigger a route interception to add path to preventedPaths
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+      history.pushState({}, '', '/desktop/devtools');
+
+      // Now trigger an error event with navigation in the message
+      const errorEvent = new ErrorEvent('error', {
+        bubbles: true,
+        cancelable: true,
+        message: 'navigation error occurred',
+      });
+      const preventDefaultSpy = vi.spyOn(errorEvent, 'preventDefault');
+
+      window.dispatchEvent(errorEvent);
+
+      expect(preventDefaultSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(consoleLogSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('Captured possible routing error'),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should not prevent non-navigation errors', () => {
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const errorEvent = new ErrorEvent('error', {
+        bubbles: true,
+        cancelable: true,
+        message: 'some other error',
+      });
+      const preventDefaultSpy = vi.spyOn(errorEvent, 'preventDefault');
+
+      window.dispatchEvent(errorEvent);
+
+      expect(preventDefaultSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('interceptRoute helper', () => {
+    it('should handle successful route interception', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(invoke).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+
+      history.pushState({}, '', '/desktop/devtools');
+
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+      expect(invoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('interceptRoute', {
+        path: '/desktop/devtools',
+        source: 'push-state',
+        url: 'http://localhost:3000/desktop/devtools',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle route interception errors gracefully', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('IPC communication failed');
+      vi.mocked(invoke).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      setupRouteInterceptors();
+
+      const matchedRoute = {
+        description: 'Developer Tools',
+        enabled: true,
+        pathPrefix: '/desktop/devtools',
+        targetWindow: 'devtools',
+      };
+      vi.mocked(findMatchingRoute).mockReturnValue(matchedRoute);
+
+      history.pushState({}, '', '/desktop/devtools');
+
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+      expect(consoleErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('Route interception (push-state) call failed'),
+        error,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/preload/routeInterceptor.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const interceptRoute = async (
 ) => {
   console.log(`[preload] Intercepted ${source} and prevented default behavior:`, path);
 
-  // 使用electron-client-ipc的dispatch方法
+  // Use electron-client-ipc's dispatch method
   try {
     await invoke('interceptRoute', { path, source, url });
   } catch (e) {
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ const interceptRoute = async (
   }
 };
 /**
- * 路由拦截器 - 负责捕获和拦截客户端路由导航
+ * Route interceptor - Responsible for capturing and intercepting client-side route navigation
  */
 export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
   console.log('[preload] Setting up route interceptors');
 
-  // 存储被阻止的路径，避免pushState重复触发
+  // Store prevented paths to avoid pushState duplicate triggers
   const preventedPaths = new Set<string>();
 
-  // 重写 window.open 方法来拦截 JavaScript 调用
+  // Override window.open method to intercept JavaScript calls
   const originalWindowOpen = window.open;
   window.open = function (url?: string | URL, target?: string, features?: string) {
     if (url) {
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
         const urlString = typeof url === 'string' ? url : url.toString();
         const urlObj = new URL(urlString, window.location.href);
 
-        // 检查是否为外部链接
+        // Check if it's an external link
         if (urlObj.origin !== window.location.origin) {
           console.log(`[preload] Intercepted window.open for external URL:`, urlString);
-          // 调用主进程处理外部链接
+          // Call main process to handle external link
           invoke('openExternalLink', urlString);
-          return null; // 返回 null 表示没有打开新窗口
+          return null; // Return null to indicate no window was opened
         }
       } catch (error) {
-        // 处理无效 URL 或特殊协议
+        // Handle invalid URL or special protocol
         console.error(`[preload] Intercepted window.open for special protocol:`, url);
         console.error(error);
         invoke('openExternalLink', typeof url === 'string' ? url : url.toString());
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
       }
     }
 
-    // 对于内部链接，调用原始的 window.open
+    // For internal links, call original window.open
     return originalWindowOpen.call(window, url, target, features);
   };
 
-  // 拦截所有a标签的点击事件 - 针对Next.js的Link组件
+  // Intercept all a tag click events - For Next.js Link component
   document.addEventListener(
     'click',
     async (e) => {
@@ -62,30 +62,30 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
         try {
           const url = new URL(link.href);
 
-          // 检查是否为外部链接
+          // Check if it's an external link
           if (url.origin !== window.location.origin) {
             console.log(`[preload] Intercepted external link click:`, url.href);
-            // 阻止默认的链接跳转行为
+            // Prevent default link navigation behavior
             e.preventDefault();
             e.stopPropagation();
-            // 调用主进程处理外部链接
+            // Call main process to handle external link
             await invoke('openExternalLink', url.href);
-            return false; // 明确阻止后续处理
+            return false; // Explicitly prevent subsequent processing
           }
 
-          // 如果不是外部链接，则继续处理内部路由拦截逻辑
-          // 使用共享配置检查是否需要拦截
+          // If not external link, continue with internal route interception logic
+          // Use shared config to check if interception is needed
           const matchedRoute = findMatchingRoute(url.pathname);
 
-          // 如果是需要拦截的路径
+          // If it's a path that needs interception
           if (matchedRoute) {
             const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
             const isAlreadyInTargetPage = currentPath.startsWith(matchedRoute.pathPrefix);
 
-            // 如果已经在目标页面下，则不拦截，让默认导航继续
+            // If already in target page, don't intercept, let default navigation continue
             if (isAlreadyInTargetPage) return;
 
-            // 立即阻止默认行为，避免Next.js接管路由
+            // Immediately prevent default behavior to avoid Next.js taking over routing
             e.preventDefault();
             e.stopPropagation();
 
@@ -94,15 +94,15 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
             return false;
           }
         } catch (err) {
-          // 处理可能的 URL 解析错误或其他问题
-          // 例如 mailto:, tel: 等协议会导致 new URL() 抛出错误
+          // Handle possible URL parsing errors or other issues
+          // For example mailto:, tel: protocols will cause new URL() to throw error
           if (err instanceof TypeError && err.message.includes('Invalid URL')) {
             console.log(
               '[preload] Non-HTTP link clicked, allowing default browser behavior:',
               link.href,
             );
-            // 对于非 HTTP/HTTPS 链接，允许浏览器默认处理
-            // 不需要 e.preventDefault() 或 invoke
+            // For non-HTTP/HTTPS links, allow browser default handling
+            // No need for e.preventDefault() or invoke
           } else {
             console.error('[preload] Link interception error:', err);
           }
@@ -112,28 +112,28 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
     true,
   );
 
-  // 拦截 history API (用于捕获Next.js的useRouter().push/replace等)
+  // Intercept history API (for capturing Next.js useRouter().push/replace etc.)
   const originalPushState = history.pushState;
   const originalReplaceState = history.replaceState;
 
-  // 重写pushState
+  // Override pushState
   history.pushState = function () {
     const url = arguments[2];
     if (typeof url === 'string') {
       try {
-        // 只处理相对路径或当前域的URL
+        // Only handle relative paths or current domain URLs
         const parsedUrl = new URL(url, window.location.origin);
 
-        // 使用共享配置检查是否需要拦截
+        // Use shared config to check if interception is needed
         const matchedRoute = findMatchingRoute(parsedUrl.pathname);
 
-        // 检查是否需要拦截这个导航
+        // Check if this navigation needs interception
         if (matchedRoute) {
-          // 检查当前页面是否已经在目标路径下，如果是则不拦截
+          // Check if current page is already under target path, if so don't intercept
           const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
           const isAlreadyInTargetPage = currentPath.startsWith(matchedRoute.pathPrefix);
 
-          // 如果已经在目标页面下，则不拦截，让默认导航继续
+          // If already in target page, don't intercept, let default navigation continue
           if (isAlreadyInTargetPage) {
             console.log(
               `[preload] Skip pushState interception for ${parsedUrl.pathname} because already in target page ${matchedRoute.pathPrefix}`,
@@ -141,13 +141,13 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
             return Reflect.apply(originalPushState, this, arguments);
           }
 
-          // 将此路径添加到已阻止集合中
+          // Add this path to prevented set
           preventedPaths.add(parsedUrl.pathname);
 
           interceptRoute(parsedUrl.pathname, 'push-state', parsedUrl.href);
 
-          // 不执行原始的pushState操作，阻止导航发生
-          // 但返回undefined以避免错误
+          // Don't execute original pushState operation, prevent navigation
+          // But return undefined to avoid errors
           return;
         }
       } catch (err) {
@@ -157,23 +157,23 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
     return Reflect.apply(originalPushState, this, arguments);
   };
 
-  // 重写replaceState
+  // Override replaceState
   history.replaceState = function () {
     const url = arguments[2];
     if (typeof url === 'string') {
       try {
         const parsedUrl = new URL(url, window.location.origin);
 
-        // 使用共享配置检查是否需要拦截
+        // Use shared config to check if interception is needed
         const matchedRoute = findMatchingRoute(parsedUrl.pathname);
 
-        // 检查是否需要拦截这个导航
+        // Check if this navigation needs interception
         if (matchedRoute) {
-          // 检查当前页面是否已经在目标路径下，如果是则不拦截
+          // Check if current page is already under target path, if so don't intercept
           const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
           const isAlreadyInTargetPage = currentPath.startsWith(matchedRoute.pathPrefix);
 
-          // 如果已经在目标页面下，则不拦截，让默认导航继续
+          // If already in target page, don't intercept, let default navigation continue
           if (isAlreadyInTargetPage) {
             console.log(
               `[preload] Skip replaceState interception for ${parsedUrl.pathname} because already in target page ${matchedRoute.pathPrefix}`,
@@ -181,12 +181,12 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
             return Reflect.apply(originalReplaceState, this, arguments);
           }
 
-          // 添加到已阻止集合
+          // Add to prevented set
           preventedPaths.add(parsedUrl.pathname);
 
           interceptRoute(parsedUrl.pathname, 'replace-state', parsedUrl.href);
 
-          // 阻止导航
+          // Prevent navigation
           return;
         }
       } catch (err) {
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ export const setupRouteInterceptors = function () {
     return Reflect.apply(originalReplaceState, this, arguments);
   };
 
-  // 监听并拦截路由错误 - 有时Next.js会在路由错误时尝试恢复导航
+  // Listen and intercept routing errors - Sometimes Next.js tries to recover navigation on routing errors
   window.addEventListener(
     'error',
     function (e) {

apps/desktop/src/preload/streamer.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+import type { ProxyTRPCRequestParams } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+// Mock electron module
+const mockIpcRendererOn = vi.fn();
+const mockIpcRendererOnce = vi.fn();
+const mockIpcRendererSend = vi.fn();
+const mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('electron', () => ({
+  ipcRenderer: {
+    on: mockIpcRendererOn,
+    once: mockIpcRendererOnce,
+    removeAllListeners: mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners,
+    send: mockIpcRendererSend,
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock uuid
+vi.mock('uuid', () => ({
+  v4: vi.fn(() => 'test-request-id-123'),
+}));
+
+const { onStreamInvoke } = await import('./streamer');
+
+describe('onStreamInvoke', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should set up stream listeners and send start event', () => {
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      method: 'POST',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/lambda/test.endpoint',
+    };
+
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    // Verify listeners are registered
+    expect(mockIpcRendererOn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:data:test-request-id-123',
+      expect.any(Function),
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererOnce).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:end:test-request-id-123',
+      expect.any(Function),
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererOnce).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:error:test-request-id-123',
+      expect.any(Function),
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererOnce).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:response:test-request-id-123',
+      expect.any(Function),
+    );
+
+    // Verify start event is sent
+    expect(mockIpcRendererSend).toHaveBeenCalledWith('stream:start', {
+      ...params,
+      requestId: 'test-request-id-123',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should invoke onData callback when data is received', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: {},
+      method: 'GET',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test',
+    };
+
+    onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    // Get the data listener callback
+    const dataListener = mockIpcRendererOn.mock.calls.find((call) =>
+      call[0].includes('stream:data'),
+    )?.[1];
+
+    // Simulate data event
+    const testData = Buffer.from('test data');
+    dataListener?.(null, testData);
+
+    expect(callbacks.onData).toHaveBeenCalledWith(new Uint8Array(testData));
+  });
+
+  it('should invoke onResponse callback when response is received', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: {},
+      method: 'GET',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test',
+    };
+
+    onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    // Get the response listener callback
+    const responseListener = mockIpcRendererOnce.mock.calls.find((call) =>
+      call[0].includes('stream:response'),
+    )?.[1];
+
+    // Simulate response event
+    const testResponse = {
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      status: 200,
+      statusText: 'OK',
+    };
+    responseListener?.(null, testResponse);
+
+    expect(callbacks.onResponse).toHaveBeenCalledWith(testResponse);
+  });
+
+  it('should invoke onEnd callback and cleanup when stream ends', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: {},
+      method: 'GET',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test',
+    };
+
+    onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    // Get the end listener callback
+    const endListener = mockIpcRendererOnce.mock.calls.find((call) =>
+      call[0].includes('stream:end'),
+    )?.[1];
+
+    // Simulate end event
+    endListener?.(null);
+
+    expect(callbacks.onEnd).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    // Verify cleanup
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:data:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:end:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:error:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:response:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should invoke onError callback and cleanup when error occurs', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: {},
+      method: 'GET',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test',
+    };
+
+    onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    // Get the error listener callback
+    const errorListener = mockIpcRendererOnce.mock.calls.find((call) =>
+      call[0].includes('stream:error'),
+    )?.[1];
+
+    // Simulate error event
+    const testError = new Error('Stream processing failed');
+    errorListener?.(null, testError);
+
+    expect(callbacks.onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(testError);
+
+    // Verify cleanup
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:data:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:end:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:error:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:response:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should return cleanup function that removes all listeners', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: {},
+      method: 'GET',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test',
+    };
+
+    const cleanup = onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    // Call cleanup function
+    cleanup();
+
+    // Verify all listeners are removed
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:data:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:end:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:error:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stream:response:test-request-id-123',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle multiple data chunks', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: {},
+      method: 'GET',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test',
+    };
+
+    onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    const dataListener = mockIpcRendererOn.mock.calls.find((call) =>
+      call[0].includes('stream:data'),
+    )?.[1];
+
+    // Simulate multiple data chunks
+    const chunk1 = Buffer.from('chunk1');
+    const chunk2 = Buffer.from('chunk2');
+    const chunk3 = Buffer.from('chunk3');
+
+    dataListener?.(null, chunk1);
+    dataListener?.(null, chunk2);
+    dataListener?.(null, chunk3);
+
+    expect(callbacks.onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(callbacks.onData).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, new Uint8Array(chunk1));
+    expect(callbacks.onData).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, new Uint8Array(chunk2));
+    expect(callbacks.onData).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(3, new Uint8Array(chunk3));
+  });
+
+  it('should handle complex request parameters', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        filters: { active: true },
+        query: 'complex query',
+        sort: { field: 'date', order: 'desc' },
+      }),
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json', 'x-custom-header': 'value' },
+      method: 'POST',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/lambda/complex.nested.endpoint',
+    };
+
+    onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    expect(mockIpcRendererSend).toHaveBeenCalledWith('stream:start', {
+      ...params,
+      requestId: 'test-request-id-123',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should not invoke callbacks after cleanup', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: {},
+      method: 'GET',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test',
+    };
+
+    const cleanup = onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    // Cleanup immediately
+    cleanup();
+
+    // Try to trigger callbacks after cleanup (this simulates late events)
+    const dataListener = mockIpcRendererOn.mock.calls.find((call) =>
+      call[0].includes('stream:data'),
+    )?.[1];
+
+    // Since listeners are removed, this shouldn't do anything
+    // The actual behavior depends on electron's implementation
+    // But we can verify cleanup was called
+    expect(mockIpcRendererRemoveAllListeners).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle empty buffer data', () => {
+    const callbacks = {
+      onData: vi.fn(),
+      onEnd: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onResponse: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const params: ProxyTRPCRequestParams = {
+      headers: {},
+      method: 'GET',
+      urlPath: '/trpc/test',
+    };
+
+    onStreamInvoke(params, callbacks);
+
+    const dataListener = mockIpcRendererOn.mock.calls.find((call) =>
+      call[0].includes('stream:data'),
+    )?.[1];
+
+    const emptyBuffer = Buffer.from('');
+    dataListener?.(null, emptyBuffer);
+
+    expect(callbacks.onData).toHaveBeenCalledWith(new Uint8Array(emptyBuffer));
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/vitest.config.mts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
   test: {
     alias: {
       '@': resolve(__dirname, './src/main'),
+      '~common': resolve(__dirname, './src/common'),
     },
     coverage: {
       all: false,

changelog/v1.json

@@ -1,4 +1,577 @@
 [
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Unify retry logic to async-retry."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-03",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.151"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Better-auth add apple sso icon and label."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-03",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.150"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {},
+    "date": "2025-12-03",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.149"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": [
+        "Remove apiMode param from Azure and Cloudflare provider requests, when desktop use contextMenu not work."
+      ]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-03",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.148"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support apple sso auth."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-02",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.147"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Refactor agent slug schema."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-02",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.146"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Email provider support resend."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-02",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.145"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["User email unique migration error."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-02",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.144"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support market cloud endpoint mcp."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-02",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.143"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Remove internal apiMode param from chat completion API requests."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-01",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.142"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Drop user.phoneNumber and reuse user.phone."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-01",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.141"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Integrate better-auth admin plugin."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-01",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.140"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-01",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.139"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {},
+    "date": "2025-11-30",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.138"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Update apiMode handling in ChatService to prioritize user preferences."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-30",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.137"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Refresh custom AI provider on selection."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-30",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.136"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fix BetterAuth Unable to link account - untrusted provider."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-30",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.135"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Betterauth public url auto detect from VERCEL_URL."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-29",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.134"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Betterauth name should mapped to fullName."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-29",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.133"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Unable to switch to default topic."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-29",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.132"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Implement uniform callback URL for SSO providers."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-28",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.131"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Add handling for content_part and reasoning_part events in fetchSSE."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-28",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.130"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Filter out file with sourceType = file."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-28",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.129"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-28",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.128"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Better-auth fallback next-auth providers env."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-27",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.127"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Align docker auth defaults and better-auth docs."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-27",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.126"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support better-auth."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-27",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.125"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": [
+        "Fixed the agent settings plugins pages error problem, improve topic item interaction and editing behavior."
+      ]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-27",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.124"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-27",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.123"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Slove the publish to market the agent config error."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-26",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.122"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Add image aspect ratio and resolution settings for Nano Banana Pro."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-26",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.121"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Try to fix “TypeError: Response body object should not be disturbed or locked”."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-26",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.120"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-26",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.119"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Showing compatibility with both new and old versions of Plugins."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-26",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.118"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Bedrock claude model thinking support."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-25",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.117"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support nano banana pro."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-25",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.116"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Add Claude Opus 4.5 model."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-25",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.115"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fixed the topic link dropdown error."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-25",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.114"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fixed when desktop userId was change manytimes the aimodel not right."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-25",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.113"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Add Kimi K2 Thinking to Qwen Provider."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-24",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.112"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": [
+        "Fix db migration snapshot not align with db schema, Separate agent file injection from knowledge base RAG search."
+      ]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-24",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.111"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": [
+        "Add hyperlink to each topic & pinned agent, support ContextMenu on ChatItem."
+      ]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-24",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.110"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fixed the knowledge files cant open error."],
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-24",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.109"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fixed the pinned session not work."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-24",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.108"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Optimize nana banana pro error message."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-23",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.107"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Add nano-banana-pro model support and optimization."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-23",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.106"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {},
+    "date": "2025-11-23",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.105"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-22",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.104"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Hide ai image config item in settings category."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-22",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.103"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Add new provider ZenMux & Gemini 3 Pro Image Preview."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-22",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.102"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support bedrok prompt cache and usage compute."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-22",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.101"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Gemini 3 Pro does not display thought summaries."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-21",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.100"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Refactor to use kb search tool."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-21",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.99"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fixed changelog pages and open again."],
+      "improvements": ["Fix some translations."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-21",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.98"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-21",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.97"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support Command Menu (CMD + J)."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-20",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.96"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Add Security Blacklist for agent runtime."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-20",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.95"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Provider settings button unable to redirect."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-20",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.94"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-20",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.93"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Remove debug console logs and add loading state."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.92"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fixed the hydrated false problem."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.91"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Extract StatusIndicator component and improve tools display."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.90"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support gemini 3.0 tools calling."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.89"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Fully support Gemini 3.0 model."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.88"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Refactor chat selectors."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.87"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support user abort in the agent runtime."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.86"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Slove discover pagination router."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.85"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Add Gemini 3.0 Pro Preview to Google Provider."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.84"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["New API support switch Responses API mode."],
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-19",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.83"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fix noisy error notification."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-18",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.82"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Slove when logout always show loading."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-18",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.81"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {},
+    "date": "2025-11-18",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.80"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fixed the discover page categray sider link error."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-18",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.79"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {},
+    "date": "2025-11-18",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.78"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Delete /settings/newapi pages in nextjs build."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-18",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.77"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support Interleaved thinking in MiniMax."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-18",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.76"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Update i18n."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-18",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.75"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Edit local file render & intervention."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-17",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.74"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support parallel topic agent runtime."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-17",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.73"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "improvements": ["Add model information for the Qiniu provider."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-17",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.72"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["Fix desktop user panel."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-17",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.71"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {},
+    "date": "2025-11-17",
+    "version": "2.0.0-next.70"
+  },
   {
     "children": {
       "improvements": ["Remove language_model_settings and remove isDeprecatedEdition."]

codecov.yml

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ coverage:
       app:
         flags:
           - app
+      threshold: 0.5
     patch: off
 
 

docker-compose.development.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ services:
     extends:
       file: docker-compose/local/docker-compose.yml
       service: postgresql
+  redis:
+    extends:
+      file: docker-compose/local/docker-compose.yml
+      service: redis
   minio:
     extends:
       file: docker-compose/local/docker-compose.yml
@@ -78,6 +82,8 @@ volumes:
     driver: local
   prometheus_data:
     driver: local
+  redis_data:
+    driver: local
 
 networks:
   lobe-network:

docker-compose/local/docker-compose.yml

@@ -35,6 +35,23 @@ services:
     networks:
       - lobe-network
 
+  redis:
+    image: redis:7-alpine
+    container_name: lobe-redis
+    ports:
+      - '6379:6379'
+    command: redis-server --save 60 1000 --appendonly yes
+    volumes:
+      - 'redis_data:/data'
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ['CMD', 'redis-cli', 'ping']
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 3s
+      retries: 5
+    restart: always
+    networks:
+      - lobe-network
+
   minio:
     image: minio/minio:RELEASE.2025-04-22T22-12-26Z
     container_name: lobe-minio
@@ -107,6 +124,8 @@ services:
         condition: service_started
       casdoor:
         condition: service_started
+      redis:
+        condition: service_healthy
 
     environment:
       - 'NEXT_AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS=casdoor'
@@ -121,6 +140,9 @@ services:
       - 'LLM_VISION_IMAGE_USE_BASE64=1'
       - 'S3_SET_ACL=0'
       - 'SEARXNG_URL=http://searxng:8080'
+      - 'REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379'
+      - 'REDIS_PREFIX=lobechat'
+      - 'REDIS_TLS=0'
     env_file:
       - .env
     restart: always
@@ -248,7 +270,8 @@ volumes:
     driver: local
   prometheus_data:
     driver: local
-
+  redis_data:
+    driver: local
 
 networks:
   lobe-network:

docker-compose/local/logto/docker-compose.yml

@@ -32,10 +32,27 @@ services:
     networks:
       - lobe-network
 
+  redis:
+    image: redis:7-alpine
+    container_name: lobe-redis
+    ports:
+      - '6379:6379'
+    command: redis-server --save 60 1000 --appendonly yes
+    volumes:
+      - 'redis_data:/data'
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ['CMD', 'redis-cli', 'ping']
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 3s
+      retries: 5
+    restart: always
+    networks:
+      - lobe-network
+
   minio:
     image: minio/minio:RELEASE.2025-04-22T22-12-26Z
     container_name: lobe-minio
-    network_mode: 'service:network-service'
+    network_mode: "service:network-service"
     volumes:
       - './s3_data:/etc/minio/data'
     environment:
@@ -46,7 +63,6 @@ services:
     command: >
       server /etc/minio/data --address ":${MINIO_PORT}" --console-address ":9001"
 
-
   logto:
     image: svhd/logto
     container_name: lobe-logto
@@ -75,6 +91,8 @@ services:
         condition: service_started
       logto:
         condition: service_started
+      redis:
+        condition: service_healthy
 
     environment:
       - 'APP_URL=http://localhost:3210'
@@ -88,6 +106,9 @@ services:
       - 'S3_BUCKET=${MINIO_LOBE_BUCKET}'
       - 'S3_PUBLIC_DOMAIN=http://localhost:${MINIO_PORT}'
       - 'S3_ENABLE_PATH_STYLE=1'
+      - 'REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379'
+      - 'REDIS_PREFIX=lobechat'
+      - 'REDIS_TLS=0'
     env_file:
       - .env
     restart: always
@@ -97,6 +118,8 @@ volumes:
     driver: local
   s3_data:
     driver: local
+  redis_data:
+    driver: local
 
 networks:
   lobe-network:

docs/development/database-schema.dbml

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 table agents {
   id text [pk, not null]
-  slug varchar(100) [unique]
+  slug varchar(100)
   title varchar(255)
   description varchar(1000)
   tags jsonb [default: `[]`]
+  editor_data jsonb
   avatar text
   background_color text
   market_identifier text
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ table agents {
 
   indexes {
     (client_id, user_id) [name: 'client_id_user_id_unique', unique]
+    (slug, user_id) [name: 'agents_slug_user_id_unique', unique]
     title [name: 'agents_title_idx']
     description [name: 'agents_description_idx']
   }
@@ -136,6 +138,67 @@ table async_tasks {
   updated_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
 }
 
+table accounts {
+  access_token text
+  access_token_expires_at timestamp
+  account_id text [not null]
+  created_at timestamp [not null, default: `now()`]
+  id text [pk, not null]
+  id_token text
+  password text
+  provider_id text [not null]
+  refresh_token text
+  refresh_token_expires_at timestamp
+  scope text
+  updated_at timestamp [not null]
+  user_id text [not null]
+
+  indexes {
+    user_id [name: 'account_userId_idx']
+  }
+}
+
+table auth_sessions {
+  created_at timestamp [not null, default: `now()`]
+  expires_at timestamp [not null]
+  id text [pk, not null]
+  impersonated_by text
+  ip_address text
+  token text [not null, unique]
+  updated_at timestamp [not null]
+  user_agent text
+  user_id text [not null]
+
+  indexes {
+    user_id [name: 'auth_session_userId_idx']
+  }
+}
+
+table two_factor {
+  backup_codes text [not null]
+  id text [pk, not null]
+  secret text [not null]
+  user_id text [not null]
+
+  indexes {
+    secret [name: 'two_factor_secret_idx']
+    user_id [name: 'two_factor_user_id_idx']
+  }
+}
+
+table verifications {
+  created_at timestamp [not null, default: `now()`]
+  expires_at timestamp [not null]
+  id text [pk, not null]
+  identifier text [not null]
+  updated_at timestamp [not null, default: `now()`]
+  value text [not null]
+
+  indexes {
+    identifier [name: 'verification_identifier_idx']
+  }
+}
+
 table chat_groups {
   id text [pk, not null]
   title text
@@ -170,20 +233,8 @@ table chat_groups_agents {
   }
 }
 
-table document_chunks {
-  document_id varchar(30) [not null]
-  chunk_id uuid [not null]
-  page_index integer
-  user_id text [not null]
-  created_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
-
-  indexes {
-    (document_id, chunk_id) [pk]
-  }
-}
-
 table documents {
-  id varchar(30) [pk, not null]
+  id varchar(255) [pk, not null]
   title text
   content text
   file_type varchar(255) [not null]
@@ -195,9 +246,11 @@ table documents {
   source_type text [not null]
   source text [not null]
   file_id text
+  parent_id varchar(255)
   user_id text [not null]
   client_id text
   editor_data jsonb
+  slug varchar(255)
   accessed_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
   created_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
   updated_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
@@ -206,7 +259,9 @@ table documents {
     source [name: 'documents_source_idx']
     file_type [name: 'documents_file_type_idx']
     file_id [name: 'documents_file_id_idx']
+    parent_id [name: 'documents_parent_id_idx']
     (client_id, user_id) [name: 'documents_client_id_user_id_unique', unique]
+    (slug, user_id) [name: 'documents_slug_user_id_unique', unique]
   }
 }
 
@@ -219,6 +274,7 @@ table files {
   size integer [not null]
   url text [not null]
   source text
+  parent_id varchar(255)
   client_id text
   metadata jsonb
   chunk_task_id uuid
@@ -229,6 +285,7 @@ table files {
 
   indexes {
     file_hash [name: 'file_hash_idx']
+    parent_id [name: 'files_parent_id_idx']
     (client_id, user_id) [name: 'files_client_id_user_id_unique', unique]
   }
 }
@@ -416,6 +473,7 @@ table messages {
   id text [pk, not null]
   role varchar(255) [not null]
   content text
+  editor_data jsonb
   reasoning jsonb
   search jsonb
   metadata jsonb
@@ -475,7 +533,7 @@ table nextauth_accounts {
   session_state text
   token_type text
   type text [not null]
-  userId text [not null]
+  user_id text [not null]
 
   indexes {
     (provider, providerAccountId) [pk]
@@ -490,17 +548,17 @@ table nextauth_authenticators {
   credentialPublicKey text [not null]
   providerAccountId text [not null]
   transports text
-  userId text [not null]
+  user_id text [not null]
 
   indexes {
-    (userId, credentialID) [pk]
+    (user_id, credentialID) [pk]
   }
 }
 
 table nextauth_sessions {
   expires timestamp [not null]
   sessionToken text [pk, not null]
-  userId text [not null]
+  user_id text [not null]
 }
 
 table nextauth_verificationtokens {
@@ -660,6 +718,18 @@ table chunks {
   }
 }
 
+table document_chunks {
+  document_id varchar(30) [not null]
+  chunk_id uuid [not null]
+  page_index integer
+  user_id text [not null]
+  created_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
+
+  indexes {
+    (document_id, chunk_id) [pk]
+  }
+}
+
 table embeddings {
   id uuid [pk, not null, default: `gen_random_uuid()`]
   chunk_id uuid [unique]
@@ -882,10 +952,12 @@ table sessions {
 table threads {
   id text [pk, not null]
   title text
+  content text
+  editor_data jsonb
   type text [not null]
-  status text [default: 'active']
+  status text
   topic_id text [not null]
-  source_message_id text [not null]
+  source_message_id text
   parent_thread_id text
   client_id text
   user_id text [not null]
@@ -916,6 +988,9 @@ table topics {
   title text
   favorite boolean [default: false]
   session_id text
+  content text
+  editor_data jsonb
+  agent_id text
   group_id text
   user_id text [not null]
   client_id text
@@ -931,6 +1006,8 @@ table topics {
     (id, user_id) [name: 'topics_id_user_id_idx']
     session_id [name: 'topics_session_id_idx']
     group_id [name: 'topics_group_id_idx']
+    agent_id [name: 'topics_agent_id_idx']
+    () [name: 'topics_extract_status_gin_idx']
   }
 }
 
@@ -959,6 +1036,7 @@ table user_settings {
   language_model jsonb
   system_agent jsonb
   default_agent jsonb
+  market jsonb
   tool jsonb
   image jsonb
 }
@@ -966,16 +1044,23 @@ table user_settings {
 table users {
   id text [pk, not null]
   username text [unique]
-  email text
+  email text [unique]
   avatar text
-  phone text
+  phone text [unique]
   first_name text
   last_name text
   full_name text
   is_onboarded boolean [default: false]
   clerk_created_at "timestamp with time zone"
+  email_verified boolean [not null, default: false]
   email_verified_at "timestamp with time zone"
   preference jsonb
+  role text
+  banned boolean [default: false]
+  ban_reason text
+  ban_expires "timestamp with time zone"
+  two_factor_enabled boolean [default: false]
+  phone_number_verified boolean
   accessed_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
   created_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
   updated_at "timestamp with time zone" [not null, default: `now()`]
@@ -1104,6 +1189,12 @@ table user_memories_preferences {
   }
 }
 
+ref: accounts.user_id > users.id
+
+ref: auth_sessions.user_id > users.id
+
+ref: two_factor.user_id > users.id
+
 ref: agents_files.file_id > files.id
 
 ref: agents_files.agent_id > agents.id

docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth.mdx

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 ---
 title: LobeChat Authentication Service Configuration
 description: >-
-  Learn how to configure external authentication services using Clerk or Next Auth for centralized user authorization management. Supported authentication services include Auth0, Azure ID, etc.
+  Learn how to configure external authentication services using Better Auth, Clerk, or Next Auth for centralized user authorization management. Supported authentication services include Auth0, Azure ID, etc.
 
 tags:
   - Authentication Service
+  - Better Auth
   - Next Auth
   - SSO
   - Clerk
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ tags:
 
 # Authentication Service
 
-LobeChat supports the configuration of external authentication services using Clerk or Next Auth for internal use within enterprises/organizations to centrally manage user authorization.
+LobeChat supports the configuration of external authentication services using Better Auth, Clerk, or Next Auth for internal use within enterprises/organizations to centrally manage user authorization.
 
 ## Clerk
 
@@ -22,6 +23,102 @@ LobeChat has deeply integrated with Clerk to provide users with a more secure an
 
 By setting the environment variables `NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY` and `CLERK_SECRET_KEY` in LobeChat's environment, you can enable and use Clerk.
 
+## Better Auth
+
+[Better Auth](https://www.better-auth.com) is a modern, framework-agnostic authentication library designed to provide comprehensive, secure, and flexible authentication solutions. It supports various authentication methods including email/password, magic links, and multiple OAuth/SSO providers.
+
+### Key Features
+
+- **Email/Password Authentication**: Built-in support for traditional email and password login with secure password hashing
+- **Email Verification**: Optional email verification flow with customizable email templates
+- **Magic Link Login**: Passwordless authentication via email magic links
+- **OAuth/SSO Support**: Integration with popular identity providers including Google, GitHub, Microsoft, AWS Cognito, and more
+- **Generic OIDC/OAuth**: Support for any OpenID Connect or OAuth 2.0 compliant provider
+
+### Getting Started
+
+To enable Better Auth in LobeChat, set the following environment variables:
+
+| Environment Variable             | Type     | Description                                                                                                                                                                |
+| -------------------------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH` | Required | Set to `1` to enable Better Auth service                                                                                                                                   |
+| `AUTH_SECRET`                    | Required | Key used to encrypt session tokens. Generate using: `openssl rand -base64 32`                                                                                              |
+| `NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_URL`           | Required | The browser-accessible base URL for Better Auth (e.g., `http://localhost:3010`, `https://lobechat.com`). Optional for Vercel deployments (auto-detected from `VERCEL_URL`) |
+| `AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS`             | Optional | Comma-separated list of enabled SSO providers, e.g., `google,github,microsoft`                                                                                             |
+
+<Callout type={'error'}>
+  **Important**: Better Auth is currently only suitable for **fresh deployments**. If you are already using NextAuth or Clerk and have existing user data in your database, **do not switch to Better Auth yet**, otherwise existing users will not be able to log in.
+
+  We are developing user data migration tools from NextAuth/Clerk to Better Auth. Documentation will be updated once the migration solution is complete. For progress updates, please follow [GitHub Issue #10456](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10456).
+</Callout>
+
+<Callout type={'warning'}>
+  If you build/deploy with the official Docker image, the defaults keep **NextAuth enabled** and **Better
+  Auth disabled** (`NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH=1`, `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH=0`) to avoid unexpected
+  login redirects. To switch to Better Auth, set both build args and runtime envs explicitly:
+  `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH=1` and `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH=0`, then rebuild the image.
+</Callout>
+
+### Supported SSO Providers
+
+| Provider              | Value                   | Environment Variables                                                                                     |
+| --------------------- | ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Google                | `google`                | `AUTH_GOOGLE_ID`, `AUTH_GOOGLE_SECRET`                                                                    |
+| GitHub                | `github`                | `AUTH_GITHUB_ID`, `AUTH_GITHUB_SECRET`                                                                    |
+| Microsoft             | `microsoft`             | `AUTH_MICROSOFT_ID`, `AUTH_MICROSOFT_SECRET`                                                              |
+| AWS Cognito           | `cognito`               | `AUTH_COGNITO_ID`, `AUTH_COGNITO_SECRET`, `AUTH_COGNITO_ISSUER`                                           |
+| Auth0                 | `auth0`                 | `AUTH_AUTH0_ID`, `AUTH_AUTH0_SECRET`, `AUTH_AUTH0_ISSUER`                                                 |
+| Authelia              | `authelia`              | `AUTH_AUTHELIA_ID`, `AUTH_AUTHELIA_SECRET`, `AUTH_AUTHELIA_ISSUER`                                        |
+| Authentik             | `authentik`             | `AUTH_AUTHENTIK_ID`, `AUTH_AUTHENTIK_SECRET`, `AUTH_AUTHENTIK_ISSUER`                                     |
+| Casdoor               | `casdoor`               | `AUTH_CASDOOR_ID`, `AUTH_CASDOOR_SECRET`, `AUTH_CASDOOR_ISSUER`                                           |
+| Cloudflare Zero Trust | `cloudflare-zero-trust` | `AUTH_CLOUDFLARE_ZERO_TRUST_ID`, `AUTH_CLOUDFLARE_ZERO_TRUST_SECRET`, `AUTH_CLOUDFLARE_ZERO_TRUST_ISSUER` |
+| Keycloak              | `keycloak`              | `AUTH_KEYCLOAK_ID`, `AUTH_KEYCLOAK_SECRET`, `AUTH_KEYCLOAK_ISSUER`                                        |
+| Logto                 | `logto`                 | `AUTH_LOGTO_ID`, `AUTH_LOGTO_SECRET`, `AUTH_LOGTO_ISSUER`                                                 |
+| Okta                  | `okta`                  | `AUTH_OKTA_ID`, `AUTH_OKTA_SECRET`, `AUTH_OKTA_ISSUER`                                                    |
+| ZITADEL               | `zitadel`               | `AUTH_ZITADEL_ID`, `AUTH_ZITADEL_SECRET`, `AUTH_ZITADEL_ISSUER`                                           |
+| Generic OIDC          | `generic-oidc`          | `AUTH_GENERIC_OIDC_ID`, `AUTH_GENERIC_OIDC_SECRET`, `AUTH_GENERIC_OIDC_ISSUER`                            |
+| Feishu                | `feishu`                | `AUTH_FEISHU_APP_ID`, `AUTH_FEISHU_APP_SECRET`                                                            |
+| WeChat                | `wechat`                | `AUTH_WECHAT_ID`, `AUTH_WECHAT_SECRET`                                                                    |
+
+### Callback URL Format
+
+When configuring OAuth providers, use the following callback URL format:
+
+- **Development**: `http://localhost:3210/api/auth/callback/{provider}`
+- **Production**: `https://yourdomain.com/api/auth/callback/{provider}`
+
+### Email Service Configuration
+
+Used by email verification, password reset, and magic-link delivery. Choose a provider, then fill the matching variables:
+
+| Environment Variable                  | Type        | Description                                                                                                                                       |
+| ------------------------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_EMAIL_VERIFICATION` | Optional    | Set to `1` to require email verification before users can sign in                                                                                 |
+| `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER`              | Optional    | Email provider selector: `nodemailer` (default, SMTP) or `resend`                                                                                 |
+| `SMTP_HOST`                           | Required    | SMTP server hostname (e.g., `smtp.gmail.com`). Used when `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer`                                                      |
+| `SMTP_PORT`                           | Required    | SMTP server port (usually `587` for TLS, `465` for SSL). Used when `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer`                                            |
+| `SMTP_SECURE`                         | Optional    | `true` for SSL (port 465), `false` for TLS (port 587). Used when `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer`                                              |
+| `SMTP_USER`                           | Required    | SMTP auth username. Used when `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer`                                                                                 |
+| `SMTP_PASS`                           | Required    | SMTP auth password. Used when `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer`                                                                                 |
+| `RESEND_API_KEY`                      | Required    | Resend API key. Required when `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=resend`                                                                                     |
+| `RESEND_FROM`                         | Recommended | Default sender address (e.g., `noreply@your-verified-domain.com`). Must be a domain verified in Resend. Used when `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=resend` |
+
+### Magic Link (Passwordless) Login
+
+Enable BetterAuth magic-link login (depends on a working email provider above):
+
+| Environment Variable            | Type     | Description                                        |
+| ------------------------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
+| `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_MAGIC_LINK` | Optional | Set to `1` to enable passwordless magic-link login |
+
+<Callout type={'tip'}>
+  For detailed provider configuration, refer to the [Next Auth provider documentation](/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/next-auth) as most configurations are compatible, or visit the official [Better Auth documentation](https://www.better-auth.com/docs/introduction).
+</Callout>
+
+<Callout type={'tip'}>
+  Go to [📘 Environment Variables](/docs/self-hosting/environment-variables/auth#better-auth) for detailed information on all Better Auth variables.
+</Callout>
+
 ## Next Auth
 
 Before using NextAuth, please set the following variables in LobeChat's environment variables:

docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth.zh-CN.mdx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 ---
 title: LobeChat 身份验证服务配置
-description: 了解如何使用 Clerk 或 Next Auth 配置外部身份验证服务，以统一管理用户授权。支持的身份验证服务包括 Auth0、 Azure ID 等。
+description: 了解如何使用 Better Auth、Clerk 或 Next Auth 配置外部身份验证服务，以统一管理用户授权。支持的身份验证服务包括 Auth0、 Azure ID 等。
 tags:
   - 身份验证服务
+  - Better Auth
   - LobeChat
   - SSO
   - Clerk
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ tags:
 
 # 身份验证服务
 
-LobeChat 支持使用 Clerk 或者 Next Auth 配置外部身份验证服务，供企业 / 组织内部使用，统一管理用户授权。
+LobeChat 支持使用 Better Auth、Clerk 或者 Next Auth 配置外部身份验证服务，供企业 / 组织内部使用，统一管理用户授权。
 
 ## Clerk
 
@@ -20,6 +21,102 @@ LobeChat 与 Clerk 做了深度集成，能够为用户提供一个更加安全
 
 在 LobeChat 的环境变量中设置 `NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY` 和 `CLERK_SECRET_KEY`，即可开启和使用 Clerk。
 
+## Better Auth
+
+[Better Auth](https://www.better-auth.com) 是一个现代化、框架无关的身份验证库，旨在提供全面、安全、灵活的身份验证解决方案。它支持多种认证方式，包括邮箱 / 密码登录、魔法链接登录以及多种 OAuth/SSO 提供商。
+
+### 主要特性
+
+- **邮箱 / 密码认证**：内置支持传统的邮箱和密码登录，采用安全的密码哈希算法
+- **邮箱验证**：可选的邮箱验证流程，支持自定义邮件模板
+- **魔法链接登录**：通过邮件魔法链接实现无密码认证
+- **OAuth/SSO 支持**：集成 Google、GitHub、Microsoft、AWS Cognito 等主流身份提供商
+- **通用 OIDC/OAuth**：支持任何符合 OpenID Connect 或 OAuth 2.0 标准的提供商
+
+### 快速开始
+
+要在 LobeChat 中启用 Better Auth，请设置以下环境变量：
+
+| 环境变量                             | 类型 | 描述                                                                                                               |
+| -------------------------------- | -- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH` | 必选 | 设置为 `1` 以启用 Better Auth 服务                                                                                       |
+| `AUTH_SECRET`                    | 必选 | 用于加密会话令牌的密钥。使用以下命令生成：`openssl rand -base64 32`                                                                   |
+| `NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_URL`           | 必选 | 浏览器可访问的 Better Auth 基础 URL（例如 `http://localhost:3010`、`https://lobechat.com`）。Vercel 部署时可选（会自动从 `VERCEL_URL` 获取） |
+| `AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS`             | 可选 | 启用的 SSO 提供商列表，以逗号分隔，例如 `google,github,microsoft`                                                                 |
+
+<Callout type={'error'}>
+  **重要提示**：Better Auth 目前仅适用于**全新部署**的场景。如果你已经使用 NextAuth 或 Clerk 并且数据库中存在用户数据，**请暂时不要切换到 Better Auth**，否则现有用户将无法登录。
+
+  我们正在开发从 NextAuth/Clerk 到 Better Auth 的用户数据迁移工具，迁移方案完成后会更新文档。相关进度请关注 [GitHub Issue #10456](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10456)。
+</Callout>
+
+<Callout type={'warning'}>
+  若使用官方 Docker 镜像构建 / 部署，默认是 **开启 NextAuth、关闭 Better Auth**
+  （`NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH=1`、`NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH=0`），以避免意外跳转到新版登录页。
+  如果要切换到 Better Auth，请同时显式设置构建参数和运行时环境变量：
+  `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH=1`、`NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_NEXT_AUTH=0`，并重新构建镜像。
+</Callout>
+
+### 支持的 SSO 提供商
+
+| 提供商                   | 值                       | 环境变量                                                                                                      |
+| --------------------- | ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Google                | `google`                | `AUTH_GOOGLE_ID`, `AUTH_GOOGLE_SECRET`                                                                    |
+| GitHub                | `github`                | `AUTH_GITHUB_ID`, `AUTH_GITHUB_SECRET`                                                                    |
+| Microsoft             | `microsoft`             | `AUTH_MICROSOFT_ID`, `AUTH_MICROSOFT_SECRET`                                                              |
+| AWS Cognito           | `cognito`               | `AUTH_COGNITO_ID`, `AUTH_COGNITO_SECRET`, `AUTH_COGNITO_ISSUER`                                           |
+| Auth0                 | `auth0`                 | `AUTH_AUTH0_ID`, `AUTH_AUTH0_SECRET`, `AUTH_AUTH0_ISSUER`                                                 |
+| Authelia              | `authelia`              | `AUTH_AUTHELIA_ID`, `AUTH_AUTHELIA_SECRET`, `AUTH_AUTHELIA_ISSUER`                                        |
+| Authentik             | `authentik`             | `AUTH_AUTHENTIK_ID`, `AUTH_AUTHENTIK_SECRET`, `AUTH_AUTHENTIK_ISSUER`                                     |
+| Casdoor               | `casdoor`               | `AUTH_CASDOOR_ID`, `AUTH_CASDOOR_SECRET`, `AUTH_CASDOOR_ISSUER`                                           |
+| Cloudflare Zero Trust | `cloudflare-zero-trust` | `AUTH_CLOUDFLARE_ZERO_TRUST_ID`, `AUTH_CLOUDFLARE_ZERO_TRUST_SECRET`, `AUTH_CLOUDFLARE_ZERO_TRUST_ISSUER` |
+| Keycloak              | `keycloak`              | `AUTH_KEYCLOAK_ID`, `AUTH_KEYCLOAK_SECRET`, `AUTH_KEYCLOAK_ISSUER`                                        |
+| Logto                 | `logto`                 | `AUTH_LOGTO_ID`, `AUTH_LOGTO_SECRET`, `AUTH_LOGTO_ISSUER`                                                 |
+| Okta                  | `okta`                  | `AUTH_OKTA_ID`, `AUTH_OKTA_SECRET`, `AUTH_OKTA_ISSUER`                                                    |
+| ZITADEL               | `zitadel`               | `AUTH_ZITADEL_ID`, `AUTH_ZITADEL_SECRET`, `AUTH_ZITADEL_ISSUER`                                           |
+| Generic OIDC          | `generic-oidc`          | `AUTH_GENERIC_OIDC_ID`, `AUTH_GENERIC_OIDC_SECRET`, `AUTH_GENERIC_OIDC_ISSUER`                            |
+| 飞书                    | `feishu`                | `AUTH_FEISHU_APP_ID`, `AUTH_FEISHU_APP_SECRET`                                                            |
+| 微信                    | `wechat`                | `AUTH_WECHAT_ID`, `AUTH_WECHAT_SECRET`                                                                    |
+
+### 回调 URL 格式
+
+配置 OAuth 提供商时，请使用以下回调 URL 格式：
+
+- **开发环境**：`http://localhost:3210/api/auth/callback/{provider}`
+- **生产环境**：`https://yourdomain.com/api/auth/callback/{provider}`
+
+### 邮件服务配置
+
+用于邮箱验证、密码重置和魔法链接发送。先选择邮件服务，再填对应变量：
+
+| 环境变量                                  | 类型 | 描述                                                                                        |
+| ------------------------------------- | -- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_EMAIL_VERIFICATION` | 可选 | 设置为 `1` 以要求用户在登录前验证邮箱                                                                     |
+| `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER`              | 可选 | 邮件服务选择：`nodemailer`（默认，SMTP）或 `resend`                                                    |
+| `SMTP_HOST`                           | 必选 | SMTP 服务器主机名（如 `smtp.gmail.com`），仅在 `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer` 时需要                |
+| `SMTP_PORT`                           | 必选 | SMTP 服务器端口（TLS 通常为 `587`，SSL 为 `465`），仅在 `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer` 时需要          |
+| `SMTP_SECURE`                         | 可选 | SSL 设置为 `true`（端口 465），TLS 设置为 `false`（端口 587），仅在 `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer` 时需要 |
+| `SMTP_USER`                           | 必选 | SMTP 认证用户名，仅在 `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer` 时需要                                     |
+| `SMTP_PASS`                           | 必选 | SMTP 认证密码，仅在 `EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=nodemailer` 时需要                                      |
+| `RESEND_API_KEY`                      | 必选 | Resend API Key，`EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=resend` 时必填                                        |
+| `RESEND_FROM`                         | 推荐 | 默认发件人地址（如 `noreply@已验证域名`），需为 Resend 已验证域名下的邮箱，`EMAIL_SERVICE_PROVIDER=resend` 时使用        |
+
+### 魔法链接（免密）登录
+
+启用 BetterAuth 魔法链接登录（依赖上方已配置好的邮件服务）：
+
+| 环境变量                            | 类型 | 描述                |
+| ------------------------------- | -- | ----------------- |
+| `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_MAGIC_LINK` | 可选 | 设置为 `1` 以启用魔法链接登录 |
+
+<Callout type={'tip'}>
+  详细的提供商配置可参考 [Next Auth 提供商文档](/zh/docs/self-hosting/advanced/auth/next-auth)（大部分配置兼容），或访问官方 [Better Auth 文档](https://www.better-auth.com/docs/introduction)。
+</Callout>
+
+<Callout type={'tip'}>
+  前往 [📘 环境变量](/zh/docs/self-hosting/environment-variables/auth#better-auth) 可查阅所有 Better Auth 相关变量详情。
+</Callout>
+
 ## Next Auth
 
 在使用 NextAuth 之前，请先在 LobeChat 的环境变量中设置以下变量：

docs/self-hosting/environment-variables/auth.mdx

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 ---
 title: LobeChat Authentication Service Environment Variables
 description: >-
-  Explore the essential environment variables for configuring authentication services in LobeChat, including OAuth SSO, NextAuth settings, and provider-specific details.
+  Explore the essential environment variables for configuring authentication services in LobeChat, including Better Auth, OAuth SSO, NextAuth settings, and provider-specific details.
 
 
 tags:
   - Authentication Service
+  - Better Auth
   - OAuth SSO
   - Clerk
   - NextAuth
@@ -15,6 +16,191 @@ tags:
 
 LobeChat provides a complete authentication service capability when deployed. The following are the relevant environment variables. You can use these environment variables to easily define the identity verification services that need to be enabled in LobeChat.
 
+## Better Auth
+
+### General Settings
+
+#### `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Set to `1` to enable Better Auth service. When enabled, Better Auth will be used for authentication instead of Next Auth or Clerk.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `1`
+
+#### `AUTH_SECRET`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Key used to encrypt session tokens. Shared between Better Auth and Next Auth. You can generate the key using the command: `openssl rand -base64 32`.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `Tfhi2t2pelSMEA8eaV61KaqPNEndFFdMIxDaJnS1CUI=`
+
+#### `NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_URL`
+
+- Type: Optional
+- Description: The URL accessible from the browser for Better Auth callbacks. Only set this if the default generated URL is incorrect.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `https://example.com`
+
+#### `NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_EMAIL_VERIFICATION`
+
+- Type: Optional
+- Description: Set to `1` to require email verification before users can sign in. Users must verify their email address after registration.
+- Default: `0`
+- Example: `1`
+
+#### `AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS`
+
+- Type: Optional
+- Description: Comma-separated list of enabled SSO providers. The order determines the display order of providers on the login page.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `google,github,microsoft,cognito`
+
+### Email Service (SMTP)
+
+These settings are required for email verification and password reset features.
+
+#### `SMTP_HOST`
+
+- Type: Required (for email features)
+- Description: SMTP server hostname.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `smtp.gmail.com`
+
+#### `SMTP_PORT`
+
+- Type: Required (for email features)
+- Description: SMTP server port. Usually `587` for TLS or `465` for SSL.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `587`
+
+#### `SMTP_SECURE`
+
+- Type: Optional
+- Description: Use secure connection. Set to `true` for port 465 (SSL), `false` for port 587 (TLS).
+- Default: `false`
+- Example: `false`
+
+#### `SMTP_USER`
+
+- Type: Required (for email features)
+- Description: SMTP authentication username, usually your email address.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `your-email@example.com`
+
+#### `SMTP_PASS`
+
+- Type: Required (for email features)
+- Description: SMTP authentication password. For Gmail, use an app-specific password.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `your-app-specific-password`
+
+### Google
+
+#### `AUTH_GOOGLE_ID`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Client ID of the Google OAuth application. Get it from [Google Cloud Console](https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials).
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `123456789.apps.googleusercontent.com`
+
+#### `AUTH_GOOGLE_SECRET`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Client Secret of the Google OAuth application.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `GOCSPX-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+### GitHub
+
+#### `AUTH_GITHUB_ID`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Client ID of the GitHub OAuth application. Get it from [GitHub Developer Settings](https://github.com/settings/developers).
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `Ov23xxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_GITHUB_SECRET`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Client Secret of the GitHub OAuth application.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+### Microsoft
+
+#### `AUTH_MICROSOFT_ID`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Client ID of the Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD) application. Get it from [Azure Portal](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_AAD_RegisteredApps/ApplicationsListBlade).
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_MICROSOFT_SECRET`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Client Secret of the Microsoft Entra ID application.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+### AWS Cognito
+
+#### `AUTH_COGNITO_ID`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Client ID of the AWS Cognito User Pool App Client. Get it from [AWS Cognito Console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/cognito).
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_COGNITO_SECRET`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: Client Secret of the AWS Cognito App Client.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_COGNITO_ISSUER`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: The Cognito User Pool issuer URL. Format: `https://cognito-idp.{region}.amazonaws.com/{userPoolId}`
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `https://cognito-idp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/us-east-1_xxxxxxxxx`
+
+### Feishu
+
+#### `AUTH_FEISHU_APP_ID`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: App ID of the Feishu application. Get it from [Feishu Open Platform](https://open.feishu.cn/app).
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `cli_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_FEISHU_APP_SECRET`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: App Secret of the Feishu application.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+### WeChat
+
+#### `AUTH_WECHAT_ID`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: App ID of the WeChat Open Platform application. Get it from [WeChat Open Platform](https://open.weixin.qq.com/).
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `wxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_WECHAT_SECRET`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: App Secret of the WeChat application.
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+<Callout type={'info'}>
+  For other OIDC-based providers (Auth0, Authelia, Authentik, Casdoor, Cloudflare Zero Trust, Keycloak, Logto, Okta, ZITADEL, Generic OIDC), the environment variables follow the same pattern as Next Auth. See the [Next Auth section](#next-auth) below for details.
+</Callout>
+
 ## Next Auth
 
 ### General Settings

docs/self-hosting/environment-variables/auth.zh-CN.mdx

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 ---
 title: LobeChat 身份验证服务设置
-description: 了解如何配置 LobeChat 的身份验证服务环境变量。
+description: 了解如何配置 LobeChat 的身份验证服务环境变量，包括 Better Auth、OAuth SSO、NextAuth 设置等。
 tags:
   - LobeChat
   - 身份验证服务
+  - Better Auth
   - 单点登录
   - Next Auth
   - Clerk
@@ -13,6 +14,191 @@ tags:
 
 LobeChat 在部署时提供了完善的身份验证服务能力，以下是相关的环境变量，你可以使用这些环境变量轻松定义需要在 LobeChat 中开启的身份验证服务。
 
+## Better Auth
+
+### 通用设置
+
+#### `NEXT_PUBLIC_ENABLE_BETTER_AUTH`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：设置为 `1` 以启用 Better Auth 服务。启用后，将使用 Better Auth 进行身份验证，而非 Next Auth 或 Clerk。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`1`
+
+#### `AUTH_SECRET`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：用于加密会话令牌的密钥，Better Auth 和 Next Auth 共享。使用以下命令生成：`openssl rand -base64 32`
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`Tfhi2t2pelSMEA8eaV61KaqPNEndFFdMIxDaJnS1CUI=`
+
+#### `NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_URL`
+
+- 类型：可选
+- 描述：浏览器可访问的 Better Auth 回调 URL。仅在默认生成的 URL 不正确时设置。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`https://example.com`
+
+#### `NEXT_PUBLIC_AUTH_EMAIL_VERIFICATION`
+
+- 类型：可选
+- 描述：设置为 `1` 以要求用户在登录前验证邮箱。用户注册后必须验证邮箱地址。
+- 默认值：`0`
+- 示例：`1`
+
+#### `AUTH_SSO_PROVIDERS`
+
+- 类型：可选
+- 描述：启用的 SSO 提供商列表，以逗号分隔。顺序决定了登录页面上提供商的显示顺序。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`google,github,microsoft,cognito`
+
+### 邮件服务（SMTP）
+
+启用邮箱验证和密码重置功能需要配置以下设置。
+
+#### `SMTP_HOST`
+
+- 类型：必选（用于邮件功能）
+- 描述：SMTP 服务器主机名。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`smtp.gmail.com`
+
+#### `SMTP_PORT`
+
+- 类型：必选（用于邮件功能）
+- 描述：SMTP 服务器端口。TLS 通常为 `587`，SSL 为 `465`。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`587`
+
+#### `SMTP_SECURE`
+
+- 类型：可选
+- 描述：是否使用安全连接。端口 465（SSL）设置为 `true`，端口 587（TLS）设置为 `false`。
+- 默认值：`false`
+- 示例：`false`
+
+#### `SMTP_USER`
+
+- 类型：必选（用于邮件功能）
+- 描述：SMTP 认证用户名，通常是您的邮箱地址。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`your-email@example.com`
+
+#### `SMTP_PASS`
+
+- 类型：必选（用于邮件功能）
+- 描述：SMTP 认证密码。Gmail 需使用应用专用密码。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`your-app-specific-password`
+
+### Google
+
+#### `AUTH_GOOGLE_ID`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：Google OAuth 应用的 Client ID。在 [Google Cloud Console](https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials) 获取。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`123456789.apps.googleusercontent.com`
+
+#### `AUTH_GOOGLE_SECRET`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：Google OAuth 应用的 Client Secret。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`GOCSPX-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+### GitHub
+
+#### `AUTH_GITHUB_ID`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：GitHub OAuth 应用的 Client ID。在 [GitHub Developer Settings](https://github.com/settings/developers) 获取。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`Ov23xxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_GITHUB_SECRET`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：GitHub OAuth 应用的 Client Secret。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+### Microsoft
+
+#### `AUTH_MICROSOFT_ID`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：Microsoft Entra ID（Azure AD）应用的 Client ID。在 [Azure 门户](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_AAD_RegisteredApps/ApplicationsListBlade) 获取。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_MICROSOFT_SECRET`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：Microsoft Entra ID 应用的 Client Secret。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+### AWS Cognito
+
+#### `AUTH_COGNITO_ID`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：AWS Cognito 用户池应用客户端的 Client ID。在 [AWS Cognito 控制台](https://console.aws.amazon.com/cognito) 获取。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_COGNITO_SECRET`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：AWS Cognito 应用客户端的 Client Secret。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_COGNITO_ISSUER`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：Cognito 用户池的颁发者 URL。格式：`https://cognito-idp.{region}.amazonaws.com/{userPoolId}`
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`https://cognito-idp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/us-east-1_xxxxxxxxx`
+
+### 飞书
+
+#### `AUTH_FEISHU_APP_ID`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：飞书应用的 App ID。在 [飞书开放平台](https://open.feishu.cn/app) 获取。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`cli_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_FEISHU_APP_SECRET`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：飞书应用的 App Secret。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+### 微信
+
+#### `AUTH_WECHAT_ID`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：微信开放平台应用的 App ID。在 [微信开放平台](https://open.weixin.qq.com/) 获取。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`wxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+#### `AUTH_WECHAT_SECRET`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：微信应用的 App Secret。
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
+
+<Callout type={'info'}>
+  其他基于 OIDC 的提供商（Auth0、Authelia、Authentik、Casdoor、Cloudflare Zero Trust、Keycloak、Logto、Okta、ZITADEL、Generic OIDC）的环境变量配置与 Next Auth 相同。详情请参阅下方的 [Next Auth 章节](#next-auth)。
+</Callout>
+
 ## Next Auth
 
 ### 通用设置

docs/self-hosting/environment-variables/model-provider.mdx

@@ -121,6 +121,37 @@ If you need to use Azure OpenAI to provide model services, you can refer to the
 - Default: `-`
 - Example: `-all,+gemini-1.5-flash-latest,+gemini-1.5-pro-latest`
 
+## Vertex AI
+
+### `VERTEXAI_CREDENTIALS`
+
+- Type: Required
+- Description: A JSON string of your Google Cloud service account key, you can get the key from [here](/docs/usage/providers/vertexai).
+- Default: -
+- Example: `{"type": "service_account", "project_id": "your-gcp-project-id", ...}`
+
+### `VERTEXAI_PROJECT`
+
+- Type: Optional
+- Description: Your Google Cloud project ID. If not set, it will be obtained from the `project_id` field in `VERTEXAI_CREDENTIALS`.
+- Default: -
+- Example: `your-gcp-project-id`
+
+### `VERTEXAI_LOCATION`
+
+- Type: Optional
+- Description: The region where your Vertex AI model is located.
+- Default: `global`
+- Example: `us-central1`
+
+
+### `VERTEXAI_MODEL_LIST`
+
+- Type: Optional
+- Description: Used to control the model list, use `+` to add a model, use `-` to hide a model, use `model_name=display_name` to customize the display name of a model, separated by commas. Definition syntax rules see [model-list][model-list]
+- Default: `-`
+- Example: `-all,+gemini-1.5-flash-latest,+gemini-1.5-pro-latest`
+
 ## Anthropic AI
 
 ### `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY`

docs/self-hosting/environment-variables/model-provider.zh-CN.mdx

@@ -119,6 +119,36 @@ LobeChat 在部署时提供了丰富的模型服务商相关的环境变量，
 - 默认值：`-`
 - 示例：`-all,+gemini-1.5-flash-latest,+gemini-1.5-pro-latest`
 
+## Vertex AI
+
+### `VERTEXAI_CREDENTIALS`
+
+- 类型：必选
+- 描述：Google Cloud 服务账号密钥的 JSON 字符串。用于认证和授权访问 Vertex AI 服务，获取方法请参考 [这里](/zh/docs/usage/providers/vertexai)
+- 默认值：-
+- 示例：`{"type": "service_account", "project_id": "your-gcp-project-id", ...}`
+
+### `VERTEXAI_PROJECT`
+
+- 类型：可选
+- 描述：你的 Google Cloud 项目 ID。如果未设置，将从 `VERTEXAI_CREDENTIALS` 中的 `project_id` 字段获取。
+- 默认值：-
+- 示例：`your-gcp-project-id`
+
+### `VERTEXAI_LOCATION`
+
+- 类型：可选
+- 描述：你的 Vertex AI 模型所在的区域。
+- 默认值：`global`
+- 示例：`us-central1`
+
+### `VERTEXAI_MODEL_LIST`
+
+- 类型：可选
+- 描述：用来控制模型列表，使用 `+` 增加一个模型，使用 `-` 来隐藏一个模型，使用 `模型名=展示名<扩展配置>` 来自定义模型的展示名，用英文逗号隔开。模型定义语法规则见 [模型列表][model-list]
+- 默认值：`-`
+- 示例：`-all,+gemini-1.5-flash-latest,+gemini-1.5-pro-latest`
+
 ## Anthropic AI
 
 ### `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY`

docs/usage/providers/comfyui.mdx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ tags:
 
 # Using ComfyUI in LobeChat
 
-<Image alt={'Using ComfyUI in LobeChat'} cover src={'https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/assets/17870709/c9e5eafc-ca22-496b-a88d-cc0ae53bf720'} />
+<Image alt={'Using ComfyUI in LobeChat'} cover src={'https://hub-apac-1.lobeobjects.space/docs/e9b811f248a1db2bd1be1af888cf9b9d.png'} />
 
 This documentation will guide you on how to use [ComfyUI](https://github.com/comfyanonymous/ComfyUI) in LobeChat for high-quality AI image generation and editing.
 

docs/usage/providers/comfyui.zh-CN.mdx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ tags:
 
 # 在 LobeChat 中使用 ComfyUI
 
-<Image alt={'在 LobeChat 中使用 ComfyUI'} cover src={'https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/assets/17870709/c9e5eafc-ca22-496b-a88d-cc0ae53bf720'} />
+<Image alt={'在 LobeChat 中使用 ComfyUI'} cover src={'https://hub-apac-1.lobeobjects.space/docs/e9b811f248a1db2bd1be1af888cf9b9d.png'} />
 
 本文档将指导你如何在 LobeChat 中使用 [ComfyUI](https://github.com/comfyanonymous/ComfyUI) 进行高质量的 AI 图像生成和编辑。
 

e2e/package.json

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@cucumber/cucumber": "^12.2.0",
-    "@playwright/test": "^1.56.1",
-    "playwright": "^1.56.1"
+    "@playwright/test": "^1.57.0",
+    "playwright": "^1.57.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/node": "^22.19.1",
+    "@types/node": "^24.10.1",
     "tsx": "^4.20.6",
     "typescript": "^5.9.3"
   }

locales/ar/auth.json

@@ -52,6 +52,105 @@
       "required": "لا يمكن أن يكون المحتوى فارغًا"
     }
   },
+  "betterAuth": {
+    "errors": {
+      "emailInvalid": "يرجى إدخال عنوان بريد إلكتروني صالح",
+      "emailNotRegistered": "هذا البريد الإلكتروني غير مسجل",
+      "emailNotVerified": "لم يتم التحقق من البريد الإلكتروني، يرجى التحقق أولاً",
+      "emailRequired": "يرجى إدخال عنوان البريد الإلكتروني",
+      "firstNameRequired": "يرجى إدخال الاسم الأول",
+      "lastNameRequired": "يرجى إدخال اسم العائلة",
+      "loginFailed": "فشل تسجيل الدخول، يرجى التحقق من البريد الإلكتروني وكلمة المرور",
+      "passwordFormat": "يجب أن تحتوي كلمة المرور على أحرف وأرقام",
+      "passwordMaxLength": "يجب ألا تتجاوز كلمة المرور 64 حرفًا",
+      "passwordMinLength": "يجب أن تتكون كلمة المرور من 8 أحرف على الأقل",
+      "passwordRequired": "يرجى إدخال كلمة المرور",
+      "usernameRequired": "يرجى إدخال اسم المستخدم"
+    },
+    "resetPassword": {
+      "backToSignIn": "العودة إلى تسجيل الدخول",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "تأكيد كلمة المرور الجديدة",
+      "confirmPasswordRequired": "يرجى تأكيد كلمة المرور الجديدة",
+      "description": "يرجى إدخال كلمة المرور الجديدة",
+      "error": "فشل إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور، يرجى المحاولة مرة أخرى",
+      "invalidToken": "رابط إعادة التعيين غير صالح أو منتهي الصلاحية",
+      "newPasswordPlaceholder": "أدخل كلمة المرور الجديدة",
+      "passwordMismatch": "كلمتا المرور غير متطابقتين",
+      "submit": "إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور",
+      "success": "تمت إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور بنجاح، يرجى تسجيل الدخول باستخدام كلمة المرور الجديدة",
+      "title": "إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور"
+    },
+    "signin": {
+      "backToEmail": "العودة لتعديل البريد الإلكتروني",
+      "continueWithApple": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Apple",
+      "continueWithAuth0": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Auth0",
+      "continueWithAuthelia": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Authelia",
+      "continueWithAuthentik": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Authentik",
+      "continueWithCasdoor": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Casdoor",
+      "continueWithCloudflareZeroTrust": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Cloudflare Zero Trust",
+      "continueWithCognito": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام AWS Cognito",
+      "continueWithFeishu": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Feishu",
+      "continueWithGithub": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام GitHub",
+      "continueWithGoogle": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Google",
+      "continueWithKeycloak": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Keycloak",
+      "continueWithLogto": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Logto",
+      "continueWithMicrosoft": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Microsoft",
+      "continueWithOIDC": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام OIDC",
+      "continueWithOkta": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Okta",
+      "continueWithWechat": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام WeChat",
+      "continueWithZitadel": "تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Zitadel",
+      "emailPlaceholder": "يرجى إدخال عنوان البريد الإلكتروني",
+      "emailStep": {
+        "subtitle": "يرجى إدخال بريدك الإلكتروني للمتابعة",
+        "title": "تسجيل الدخول"
+      },
+      "error": "فشل تسجيل الدخول، يرجى التحقق من البريد الإلكتروني وكلمة المرور",
+      "forgotPassword": "هل نسيت كلمة المرور؟",
+      "forgotPasswordError": "فشل إرسال رابط إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور",
+      "forgotPasswordSent": "تم إرسال رابط إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور، يرجى التحقق من بريدك الإلكتروني",
+      "magicLinkButton": "إرسال رابط تسجيل الدخول",
+      "magicLinkError": "فشل إرسال رابط تسجيل الدخول، يرجى المحاولة لاحقًا",
+      "magicLinkSent": "تم إرسال رابط تسجيل الدخول، يرجى التحقق من بريدك الإلكتروني",
+      "nextStep": "الخطوة التالية",
+      "noAccount": "ليس لديك حساب؟",
+      "orContinueWith": "أو المتابعة باستخدام",
+      "passwordPlaceholder": "يرجى إدخال كلمة المرور",
+      "passwordStep": {
+        "subtitle": "يرجى إدخال كلمة المرور للمتابعة"
+      },
+      "signupLink": "سجّل الآن",
+      "socialError": "فشل تسجيل الدخول عبر الشبكات الاجتماعية، يرجى المحاولة مرة أخرى",
+      "socialOnlyHint": "تم تسجيل هذا البريد الإلكتروني باستخدام حساب اجتماعي، يرجى تسجيل الدخول باستخدامه",
+      "submit": "تسجيل الدخول"
+    },
+    "signup": {
+      "emailPlaceholder": "يرجى إدخال عنوان البريد الإلكتروني",
+      "error": "فشل التسجيل، يرجى المحاولة مرة أخرى",
+      "firstNamePlaceholder": "الاسم الأول",
+      "hasAccount": "هل لديك حساب؟",
+      "lastNamePlaceholder": "اسم العائلة",
+      "passwordPlaceholder": "يرجى إدخال كلمة المرور",
+      "signinLink": "تسجيل الدخول الآن",
+      "submit": "تسجيل",
+      "subtitle": "انضم إلى مجتمع LobeChat",
+      "success": "تم التسجيل بنجاح! يرجى التحقق من بريدك الإلكتروني لتأكيد الحساب",
+      "title": "إنشاء حساب",
+      "usernamePlaceholder": "يرجى إدخال اسم المستخدم"
+    },
+    "verifyEmail": {
+      "backToSignIn": "العودة إلى تسجيل الدخول",
+      "checkSpam": "إذا لم تتلقَ البريد الإلكتروني، يرجى التحقق من مجلد الرسائل غير المرغوب فيها",
+      "descriptionPrefix": "لقد أرسلنا رسالة تحقق إلى",
+      "descriptionSuffix": "",
+      "resend": {
+        "button": "إعادة إرسال رسالة التحقق",
+        "error": "فشل الإرسال، يرجى المحاولة لاحقًا",
+        "noEmail": "عنوان البريد الإلكتروني مفقود",
+        "success": "تمت إعادة إرسال رسالة التحقق، يرجى التحقق من بريدك الإلكتروني"
+      },
+      "title": "تحقق من بريدك الإلكتروني"
+    }
+  },
   "date": {
     "prevMonth": "الشهر الماضي",
     "recent30Days": "آخر 30 يومًا"
@@ -86,16 +185,31 @@
   "loginOrSignup": "تسجيل الدخول / الاشتراك",
   "profile": {
     "avatar": "الصورة الشخصية",
+    "cancel": "إلغاء",
+    "changePassword": "إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور",
     "email": "عنوان البريد الإلكتروني",
+    "fullName": "الاسم الكامل",
+    "fullNameInputHint": "يرجى إدخال الاسم الكامل الجديد",
+    "password": "كلمة المرور",
+    "resetPasswordError": "فشل إرسال رابط إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور",
+    "resetPasswordSent": "تم إرسال رابط إعادة تعيين كلمة المرور، يرجى التحقق من بريدك الإلكتروني",
+    "save": "حفظ",
     "sso": {
+      "link": {
+        "button": "ربط الحساب",
+        "success": "تم ربط الحساب بنجاح"
+      },
       "loading": "جارٍ تحميل الحسابات المرتبطة من طرف ثالث",
       "providers": "الحسابات المتصلة",
       "unlink": {
-        "description": "بعد unlink ، لن تتمكن من تسجيل الدخول باستخدام حساب {{provider}} \"{{providerAccountId}}\". إذا كنت بحاجة إلى إعادة ربط حساب {{provider}} بالحساب الحالي، يرجى التأكد من أن عنوان البريد الإلكتروني لحساب {{provider}} هو {{email}}، وسنقوم بربطه تلقائيًا بالحساب المسجل الدخول عند تسجيل الدخول.",
+        "description": "بعد إلغاء الربط، لن تتمكن من تسجيل الدخول باستخدام حساب {{provider}} \"{{providerAccountId}}\". إذا كنت ترغب في ربط حساب {{provider}} بهذا الحساب مرة أخرى، يرجى التأكد من أن عنوان البريد الإلكتروني لحساب {{provider}} هو {{email}}، وسنقوم بربطه تلقائيًا عند تسجيل الدخول.",
         "forbidden": "يجب أن تحتفظ بحساب طرف ثالث واحد على الأقل مرتبطًا.",
         "title": "هل تريد فصل حساب الطرف الثالث {{provider}}؟"
       }
     },
+    "title": "تفاصيل الملف الشخصي",
+    "updateAvatar": "تحديث الصورة الشخصية",
+    "updateFullName": "تحديث الاسم الكامل",
     "username": "اسم المستخدم"
   },
   "signout": "تسجيل الخروج",

locales/ar/chat.json

@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@
       "desc": "استنادًا إلى آلية تفكير كلود (Claude Thinking) المحدودة (<1>اعرف المزيد</1>)، عند التفعيل، سيتم تعطيل حد عدد الرسائل التاريخية تلقائيًا",
       "title": "تفعيل التفكير العميق"
     },
+    "imageAspectRatio": {
+      "title": "نسبة العرض إلى الارتفاع للصورة"
+    },
+    "imageResolution": {
+      "title": "دقة الصورة"
+    },
     "reasoningBudgetToken": {
       "title": "استهلاك توكن التفكير"
     },
@@ -65,6 +71,9 @@
     "thinking": {
       "title": "مفتاح التفكير العميق"
     },
+    "thinkingLevel": {
+      "title": "مستوى التفكير"
+    },
     "title": "وظائف توسيع النموذج",
     "urlContext": {
       "desc": "عند التفعيل، سيتم تحليل روابط الويب تلقائيًا للحصول على محتوى السياق الفعلي للصفحة",
@@ -330,6 +339,11 @@
     "screenshot": "لقطة شاشة",
     "settings": "إعدادات التصدير",
     "text": "نص",
+    "widthMode": {
+      "label": "وضع العرض",
+      "narrow": "وضع الشاشة الضيقة",
+      "wide": "وضع الشاشة الواسعة"
+    },
     "withBackground": "تضمين صورة الخلفية",
     "withFooter": "تضمين تذييل",
     "withPluginInfo": "تضمين معلومات البرنامج المساعد",
@@ -391,6 +405,7 @@
       "rejectReasonPlaceholder": "إدخال سبب الرفض سيساعد الوكيل على الفهم وتحسين الإجراءات المستقبلية",
       "rejectTitle": "رفض استدعاء الأداة هذه المرة",
       "rejectedWithReason": "تم رفض استدعاء الأداة هذه المرة بشكل يدوي: {{reason}}",
+      "toolAbort": "تم إلغاء استدعاء الأداة من قبل المستخدم",
       "toolRejected": "تم رفض استدعاء الأداة هذه المرة بشكل يدوي"
     }
   },

locales/ar/common.json

@@ -135,6 +135,27 @@
     }
   },
   "close": "إغلاق",
+  "cmdk": {
+    "about": "حول",
+    "communitySupport": "دعم المجتمع",
+    "discover": "استكشاف",
+    "knowledgeBase": "قاعدة المعرفة",
+    "navigate": "التنقل",
+    "newAgent": "إنشاء مساعد جديد",
+    "noResults": "لم يتم العثور على نتائج",
+    "openSettings": "فتح الإعدادات",
+    "painting": "الرسم بالذكاء الاصطناعي",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "أدخل أمرًا أو ابحث...",
+    "settings": "الإعدادات",
+    "starOnGitHub": "قيّمنا على GitHub",
+    "submitIssue": "إرسال مشكلة",
+    "theme": "السمة",
+    "themeAuto": "اتباع النظام",
+    "themeDark": "الوضع الداكن",
+    "themeLight": "الوضع الفاتح",
+    "toOpen": "فتح",
+    "toSelect": "تحديد"
+  },
   "confirm": "تأكيد",
   "contact": "اتصل بنا",
   "copy": "نسخ",
@@ -283,6 +304,7 @@
     "business": "شراكات تجارية",
     "support": "الدعم عبر البريد الإلكتروني"
   },
+  "new": "جديد",
   "oauth": "تسجيل الدخول SSO",
   "officialSite": "الموقع الرسمي",
   "ok": "موافق",

locales/ar/error.json

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
       "SPII": "قد يحتوي المحتوى على معلومات شخصية حساسة. لحماية الخصوصية، يرجى إزالة المعلومات الحساسة ثم المحاولة مرة أخرى.",
       "default": "تم حظر المحتوى: {{blockReason}}. يرجى تعديل طلبك ثم المحاولة مرة أخرى."
     },
-    "InsufficientQuota": "عذرًا، لقد reached الحد الأقصى للحصة (quota) لهذه المفتاح، يرجى التحقق من رصيد الحساب الخاص بك أو زيادة حصة المفتاح ثم المحاولة مرة أخرى",
+    "InsufficientQuota": "عذرًا، لقد تم الوصول إلى الحد الأقصى لحصة المفتاح (quota). يرجى التحقق من رصيد الحساب أو زيادة حصة المفتاح ثم المحاولة مرة أخرى.",
     "InvalidAccessCode": "كلمة المرور غير صحيحة أو فارغة، يرجى إدخال كلمة مرور الوصول الصحيحة أو إضافة مفتاح API مخصص",
     "InvalidBedrockCredentials": "فشلت مصادقة Bedrock، يرجى التحقق من AccessKeyId/SecretAccessKey وإعادة المحاولة",
     "InvalidClerkUser": "عذرًا، لم تقم بتسجيل الدخول بعد، يرجى تسجيل الدخول أو التسجيل للمتابعة",
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
     "PluginServerError": "خطأ في استجابة الخادم لطلب الإضافة، يرجى التحقق من ملف وصف الإضافة وتكوين الإضافة وتنفيذ الخادم وفقًا لمعلومات الخطأ أدناه",
     "PluginSettingsInvalid": "تحتاج هذه الإضافة إلى تكوين صحيح قبل الاستخدام، يرجى التحقق من صحة تكوينك",
     "ProviderBizError": "طلب خدمة {{provider}} خاطئ، يرجى التحقق من المعلومات التالية أو إعادة المحاولة",
-    "QuotaLimitReached": "عذرًا، لقد reached الحد الأقصى من استخدام الرموز أو عدد الطلبات لهذا المفتاح. يرجى زيادة حصة هذا المفتاح أو المحاولة لاحقًا.",
+    "QuotaLimitReached": "عذرًا، لقد تم الوصول إلى الحد الأقصى لاستخدام الرموز (Token) أو عدد الطلبات لهذا المفتاح. يرجى زيادة حصة المفتاح أو المحاولة لاحقًا.",
     "StreamChunkError": "خطأ في تحليل كتلة الرسالة لطلب التدفق، يرجى التحقق مما إذا كانت واجهة برمجة التطبيقات الحالية تتوافق مع المعايير، أو الاتصال بمزود واجهة برمجة التطبيقات الخاصة بك للاستفسار.",
     "SubscriptionKeyMismatch": "نعتذر، بسبب عطل عرضي في النظام، فإن استخدام الاشتراك الحالي غير فعال مؤقتًا. يرجى النقر على الزر أدناه لاستعادة الاشتراك، أو مراسلتنا عبر البريد الإلكتروني للحصول على الدعم.",
     "SubscriptionPlanLimit": "لقد استنفدت نقاط اشتراكك، ولا يمكنك استخدام هذه الميزة. يرجى الترقية إلى خطة أعلى، أو تكوين واجهة برمجة التطبيقات للنموذج المخصص للاستمرار في الاستخدام",

locales/ar/file.json

@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@
   },
   "documentList": {
     "copyContent": "نسخ المحتوى الكامل",
-    "documentCount": "إجمالي {{count}} مستند",
     "duplicate": "إنشاء نسخة",
-    "empty": "لا توجد مستندات حاليًا، انقر على الزر أعلاه لإنشاء أول مستند لك",
+    "empty": "لا توجد مستندات حالياً، انقر على الزر أعلاه لإنشاء أول مستند لك",
     "noResults": "لم يتم العثور على مستندات مطابقة",
-    "selectNote": "اختر مستندًا للبدء في التحرير",
+    "pageCount": "إجمالي {{count}} مستند",
+    "selectNote": "اختر مستندًا لبدء التحرير",
     "untitled": "بدون عنوان"
   },
   "empty": "لا توجد ملفات/مجلدات تم تحميلها بعد",
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
       "uploadFile": "رفع ملف",
       "uploadFolder": "رفع مجلد"
     },
-    "newDocumentButton": "مستند جديد",
     "newNoteDialog": {
       "cancel": "إلغاء",
       "editTitle": "تحرير المستند",
@@ -83,14 +82,15 @@
       "title": "مستند جديد",
       "updateSuccess": "تم تحديث المستند بنجاح"
     },
+    "newPageButton": "إنشاء مستند جديد",
     "uploadButton": "رفع"
   },
   "home": {
     "getStarted": "ابدأ الآن",
     "greeting": "ابدأ",
     "quickActions": "إجراءات سريعة",
-    "recentDocuments": "المستندات الأخيرة",
     "recentFiles": "الملفات الأخيرة",
+    "recentPages": "الصفحات الأخيرة",
     "subtitle": "مرحبًا بك في قاعدة المعرفة، ابدأ من هنا لإدارة مستنداتك وملاحظاتك",
     "uploadEntries": {
       "files": {
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@
       "knowledgeBase": {
         "title": "قاعدة معرفة جديدة"
       },
-      "newDocument": {
-        "title": "مستند جديد"
+      "newPage": {
+        "title": "إنشاء مستند جديد"
       }
     }
   },
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@
     "title": "المكتبة المعرفية"
   },
   "menu": {
-    "allDocuments": "جميع المستندات",
-    "allFiles": "جميع الملفات"
+    "allFiles": "جميع الملفات",
+    "allPages": "جميع المستندات"
   },
   "networkError": "فشل في الحصول على قاعدة المعرفة، يرجى التحقق من اتصال الشبكة ثم إعادة المحاولة",
   "notSupportGuide": {
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@
     "downloadFile": "تحميل الملف",
     "unsupportedFileAndContact": "هذا التنسيق من الملفات غير مدعوم للمعاينة عبر الإنترنت، إذا كان لديك طلب للمعاينة، فلا تتردد في <1>إبلاغنا</1>"
   },
-  "searchDocumentPlaceholder": "ابحث في المستندات",
   "searchFilePlaceholder": "بحث عن ملف",
+  "searchPagePlaceholder": "ابحث في المستندات",
   "tab": {
     "all": "الكل",
     "audios": "الصوتيات",
@@ -156,9 +156,7 @@
     "websites": "المواقع"
   },
   "title": "قاعدة المعرفة",
-  "toggleLeftPanel": {
-    "title": "عرض/إخفاء اللوحة الجانبية اليسرى"
-  },
+  "toggleLeftPanel": "إظهار/إخفاء اللوحة الجانبية اليسرى",
   "uploadDock": {
     "body": {
       "collapse": "طي",

locales/ar/hotkey.json

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
     "desc": "مسح الرسائل والملفات المرفوعة في المحادثة الحالية",
     "title": "مسح رسائل المحادثة"
   },
+  "commandPalette": {
+    "desc": "افتح لوحة الأوامر العامة للوصول السريع إلى الميزات",
+    "title": "لوحة الأوامر"
+  },
   "deleteAndRegenerateMessage": {
     "desc": "حذف الرسالة الأخيرة وإعادة إنشائها",
     "title": "حذف وإعادة إنشاء"

locales/ar/image.json

@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@
         "standard": "عادي"
       }
     },
+    "resolution": {
+      "label": "الدقة",
+      "options": {
+        "1K": "1K",
+        "2K": "2K",
+        "4K": "4K"
+      }
+    },
     "seed": {
       "label": "البذرة",
       "random": "بذرة عشوائية"

locales/ar/marketAuth.json

@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
 {
+  "authorize": {
+    "cancel": "إلغاء",
+    "confirm": "تأكيد التفويض",
+    "description": {
+      "and": "و",
+      "prefix": "بالنقر على تأكيد التفويض، فإنك توافق على",
+      "privacy": "سياسة الخصوصية",
+      "terms": "شروط الخدمة"
+    },
+    "title": "تأكيد التفويض"
+  },
   "callback": {
     "buttons": {
       "close": "إغلاق النافذة"
@@ -33,8 +44,10 @@
     "stateMissing": "لم يتم العثور على حالة التفويض، يرجى المحاولة مرة أخرى."
   },
   "messages": {
+    "authorized": "تم تفويض خدمة LobeHub بنجاح",
     "loading": "جارٍ بدء عملية التفويض...",
     "success": {
+      "cloudMcpInstall": "تم التفويض بنجاح! يمكنك الآن تثبيت إضافة Cloud MCP.",
       "submit": "تم التفويض بنجاح! يمكنك الآن نشر المساعد.",
       "upload": "تم التفويض بنجاح! يمكنك الآن نشر إصدار جديد."
     }

locales/ar/modelProvider.json

@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@
   },
   "list": {
     "title": {
+      "custom": "لم يتم تفعيل مزود الخدمة المخصص",
       "disabled": "مزود الخدمة غير مفعل",
       "enabled": "مزود الخدمة مفعل"
     }
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@
     "addCustomProvider": "إضافة مزود خدمة مخصص",
     "all": "الكل",
     "list": {
+      "custom": "المزود المخصص غير مفعل",
       "disabled": "غير مفعل",
       "disabledActions": {
         "sort": "طريقة الترتيب",
@@ -295,7 +297,7 @@
       },
       "helpDoc": "دليل التكوين",
       "responsesApi": {
-        "desc": "استخدام معيار طلبات الجيل الجديد من OpenAI، لفتح ميزات متقدمة مثل سلسلة التفكير",
+        "desc": "يعتمد تنسيق طلب الجيل الجديد من OpenAI، لتمكين ميزات متقدمة مثل سلسلة التفكير (مدعومة فقط من نماذج OpenAI)",
         "title": "استخدام معيار Responses API"
       },
       "waitingForMore": "المزيد من النماذج قيد <1>التخطيط للإدماج</1>، يرجى الانتظار"

locales/ar/models.json

@@ -83,21 +83,12 @@
   "DeepSeek-V3-Fast": {
     "description": "مزود النموذج: منصة sophnet. DeepSeek V3 Fast هو النسخة السريعة عالية TPS من إصدار DeepSeek V3 0324، غير مكوّن بالكامل، يتمتع بقدرات برمجية ورياضية أقوى واستجابة أسرع!"
   },
-  "DeepSeek-V3.1": {
-    "description": "DeepSeek-V3.1 - وضع عدم التفكير؛ DeepSeek-V3.1 هو نموذج استدلال هجين جديد من DeepSeek يدعم وضعين للاستدلال: التفكير وعدم التفكير، مع كفاءة تفكير أعلى مقارنة بـ DeepSeek-R1-0528. بعد تحسين ما بعد التدريب، تحسنت بشكل كبير أداء استخدام أدوات الوكيل ومهام الوكيل الذكي."
-  },
   "DeepSeek-V3.1-Fast": {
     "description": "DeepSeek V3.1 Fast هو النسخة عالية الأداء من DeepSeek V3.1 مع معدل معاملات في الثانية (TPS) مرتفع. وضع التفكير الهجين: من خلال تغيير قالب المحادثة، يمكن لنموذج واحد دعم وضعي التفكير وعدم التفكير في نفس الوقت. استدعاء أدوات أكثر ذكاءً: بفضل تحسين ما بعد التدريب، تحسن أداء النموذج بشكل ملحوظ في استخدام الأدوات ومهام الوكيل."
   },
   "DeepSeek-V3.1-Think": {
     "description": "DeepSeek-V3.1 - وضع التفكير؛ DeepSeek-V3.1 هو نموذج استدلال هجين جديد من DeepSeek يدعم وضعين للاستدلال: التفكير وعدم التفكير، مع كفاءة تفكير أعلى مقارنة بـ DeepSeek-R1-0528. بعد تحسين ما بعد التدريب، تحسنت بشكل كبير أداء استخدام أدوات الوكيل ومهام الوكيل الذكي."
   },
-  "DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp": {
-    "description": "DeepSeek V3.2 هو أحدث نموذج عام أصدرته DeepSeek، يدعم بنية استدلال هجينة، ويتميز بقدرات وكيل أقوى."
-  },
-  "DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp-Think": {
-    "description": "وضع التفكير في DeepSeek V3.2. قبل إخراج الإجابة النهائية، يقوم النموذج أولاً بإخراج سلسلة من الأفكار لتحسين دقة الإجابة النهائية."
-  },
   "Doubao-lite-128k": {
     "description": "Doubao-lite يتميز بسرعة استجابة فائقة وقيمة أفضل مقابل المال، ويوفر خيارات أكثر مرونة للعملاء في سيناريوهات مختلفة. يدعم الاستدلال والتخصيص مع نافذة سياق 128k."
   },
@@ -236,6 +227,9 @@
   "MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M1-80k": {
     "description": "MiniMax-M1 هو نموذج استدلال كبير الحجم مفتوح المصدر يعتمد على الانتباه المختلط، يحتوي على 456 مليار معلمة، حيث يمكن لكل رمز تفعيل حوالي 45.9 مليار معلمة. يدعم النموذج أصلاً سياقًا فائق الطول يصل إلى مليون رمز، ومن خلال آلية الانتباه السريع، يوفر 75% من العمليات الحسابية العائمة في مهام التوليد التي تصل إلى 100 ألف رمز مقارنة بـ DeepSeek R1. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يعتمد MiniMax-M1 على بنية MoE (الخبراء المختلطون)، ويجمع بين خوارزمية CISPO وتصميم الانتباه المختلط لتدريب تعلم معزز فعال، محققًا أداءً رائدًا في الصناعة في استدلال الإدخالات الطويلة وسيناريوهات هندسة البرمجيات الحقيقية."
   },
+  "MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M2": {
+    "description": "MiniMax-M2 يعيد تعريف الكفاءة للوكيل الذكي. إنه نموذج MoE مدمج وسريع وفعّال من حيث التكلفة، يحتوي على 230 مليار معلمة إجمالية و10 مليارات معلمة نشطة، وقد صُمم لتحقيق أداء رفيع المستوى في مهام الترميز والوكالة، مع الحفاظ على ذكاء عام قوي. بفضل 10 مليارات معلمة نشطة فقط، يقدم MiniMax-M2 أداءً يُضاهي النماذج الضخمة، مما يجعله خيارًا مثاليًا للتطبيقات عالية الكفاءة."
+  },
   "Moonshot-Kimi-K2-Instruct": {
     "description": "يحتوي على 1 تريليون معلمة و32 مليار معلمة مفعلة. من بين النماذج غير المعتمدة على التفكير، يحقق مستويات متقدمة في المعرفة الحديثة، الرياضيات والبرمجة، ويتفوق في مهام الوكيل العامة. تم تحسينه بعناية لمهام الوكيل، لا يجيب فقط على الأسئلة بل يتخذ إجراءات. مثالي للدردشة العفوية، التجارب العامة والوكيل، وهو نموذج سريع الاستجابة لا يتطلب تفكيرًا طويلًا."
   },
@@ -717,25 +711,31 @@
     "description": "Claude 3 Opus هو أذكى نموذج من Anthropic، يقدم أداءً رائدًا في السوق للمهام المعقدة للغاية. يتميز بسلاسة استثنائية وفهم شبيه بالبشر للتعامل مع المطالبات المفتوحة والسيناريوهات غير المسبوقة."
   },
   "anthropic/claude-3.5-haiku": {
-    "description": "Claude 3.5 Haiku هو الجيل التالي من أسرع نماذجنا. يتمتع بسرعة مماثلة لـ Claude 3 Haiku، مع تحسينات في كل مجموعة مهارات، وتفوق في العديد من اختبارات الذكاء على أكبر نموذج لدينا من الجيل السابق Claude 3 Opus."
+    "description": "يتميز Claude 3.5 Haiku بقدرات محسّنة في السرعة ودقة البرمجة واستخدام الأدوات. مناسب للسيناريوهات التي تتطلب سرعة عالية وتفاعلًا فعالًا مع الأدوات."
   },
   "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet": {
-    "description": "Claude 3.5 Sonnet يحقق توازنًا مثاليًا بين الذكاء والسرعة، خاصة لأعباء العمل المؤسسية. يقدم أداءً قويًا بتكلفة أقل مقارنة بالمنافسين، ومصمم لتحمل عالي في نشرات الذكاء الاصطناعي على نطاق واسع."
+    "description": "Claude 3.5 Sonnet هو نموذج سريع وفعّال من عائلة Sonnet، يوفر أداءً أفضل في البرمجة والاستدلال، وسيتم استبدال بعض نسخه تدريجيًا بـ Sonnet 3.7 وما بعده."
   },
   "anthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet": {
-    "description": "Claude 3.7 Sonnet هو أول نموذج استدلال مختلط، وأذكى نموذج حتى الآن من Anthropic. يقدم أداءً متقدمًا في الترميز، وتوليد المحتوى، وتحليل البيانات، ومهام التخطيط، مبنيًا على قدرات الهندسة البرمجية واستخدام الحاسوب في سلفه Claude 3.5 Sonnet."
+    "description": "Claude 3.7 Sonnet هو إصدار مطوّر من سلسلة Sonnet، يتمتع بقدرات استدلال وبرمجة أقوى، ومناسب للمهام المعقدة على مستوى المؤسسات."
+  },
+  "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5": {
+    "description": "Claude Haiku 4.5 هو نموذج عالي الأداء من Anthropic يتميز بزمن استجابة منخفض جدًا مع الحفاظ على دقة عالية."
   },
   "anthropic/claude-opus-4": {
-    "description": "Claude Opus 4 هو أقوى نموذج حتى الآن من Anthropic، وأفضل نموذج ترميز في العالم، متصدرًا في اختبارات SWE-bench (72.5%) وTerminal-bench (43.2%). يوفر أداءً مستمرًا للمهام الطويلة التي تتطلب تركيزًا وجهدًا وآلاف الخطوات، قادرًا على العمل لساعات متواصلة، مما يوسع بشكل كبير قدرات وكلاء الذكاء الاصطناعي."
+    "description": "Opus 4 هو النموذج الرائد من Anthropic، مصمم خصيصًا للمهام المعقدة والتطبيقات المؤسسية."
   },
   "anthropic/claude-opus-4.1": {
-    "description": "Claude Opus 4.1 هو بديل جاهز للاستخدام لـ Opus 4، يقدم أداءً ودقة ممتازة في مهام الترميز والوكالة العملية. يرفع أداء الترميز المتقدم إلى 74.5% في SWE-bench Verified، ويتعامل مع المشكلات المعقدة متعددة الخطوات بدقة واهتمام أكبر بالتفاصيل."
+    "description": "Opus 4.1 هو نموذج متقدم من Anthropic، محسن للبرمجة، الاستدلال المعقد، والمهام المستمرة."
+  },
+  "anthropic/claude-opus-4.5": {
+    "description": "Claude Opus 4.5 هو النموذج الرائد من Anthropic، يجمع بين الذكاء الفائق والأداء القابل للتوسع، مما يجعله مناسبًا للمهام المعقدة التي تتطلب أعلى مستويات الجودة في الاستجابة والقدرة على الاستدلال."
   },
   "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4": {
-    "description": "Claude Sonnet 4 يحسن بشكل كبير على قدرات Sonnet 3.7 الرائدة في الصناعة، ويظهر أداءً ممتازًا في الترميز، محققًا 72.7% في SWE-bench. يوازن النموذج بين الأداء والكفاءة، مناسب للحالات الداخلية والخارجية، ويحقق تحكمًا أكبر في التنفيذ من خلال قابلية تحكم محسنة."
+    "description": "Claude Sonnet 4 هو إصدار الاستدلال الهجين من Anthropic، يجمع بين قدرات التفكير وغير التفكير."
   },
   "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5": {
-    "description": "كلود سونيت 4.5 هو أذكى نموذج قدمته شركة أنثروبيك حتى الآن."
+    "description": "Claude Sonnet 4.5 هو أحدث نموذج استدلال هجين من Anthropic، محسن للاستدلال المعقد والبرمجة."
   },
   "ascend-tribe/pangu-pro-moe": {
     "description": "Pangu-Pro-MoE 72B-A16B هو نموذج لغة ضخم نادر التنشيط يحتوي على 72 مليار معلمة و16 مليار معلمة نشطة، يعتمد على بنية الخبراء المختلطين المجمعة (MoGE). في مرحلة اختيار الخبراء، يتم تجميع الخبراء وتقيد تنشيط عدد متساوٍ من الخبراء داخل كل مجموعة لكل رمز، مما يحقق توازنًا في تحميل الخبراء ويعزز بشكل كبير كفاءة نشر النموذج على منصة Ascend."
@@ -758,6 +758,9 @@
   "baidu/ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B": {
     "description": "ERNIE-4.5-300B-A47B هو نموذج لغة ضخم يعتمد على بنية الخبراء المختلطين (MoE) تم تطويره بواسطة شركة بايدو. يحتوي النموذج على 300 مليار معلمة إجمالاً، لكنه ينشط فقط 47 مليار معلمة لكل رمز أثناء الاستدلال، مما يوازن بين الأداء القوي والكفاءة الحسابية. كأحد النماذج الأساسية في سلسلة ERNIE 4.5، يظهر أداءً متميزًا في مهام فهم النصوص، التوليد، الاستدلال، والبرمجة. يستخدم النموذج طريقة تدريب مسبق مبتكرة متعددة الوسائط ومتغايرة تعتمد على MoE، من خلال التدريب المشترك للنصوص والوسائط البصرية، مما يعزز قدراته الشاملة، خاصة في الالتزام بالتعليمات وتذكر المعرفة العالمية."
   },
+  "baidu/ernie-5.0-thinking-preview": {
+    "description": "ERNIE 5.0 Thinking Preview هو نموذج Wenxin متعدد الوسائط من الجيل الجديد من Baidu، بارع في الفهم متعدد الوسائط، اتباع التعليمات، الإبداع، الأسئلة والأجوبة الواقعية، واستخدام الأدوات."
+  },
   "c4ai-aya-expanse-32b": {
     "description": "Aya Expanse هو نموذج متعدد اللغات عالي الأداء بسعة 32B، يهدف إلى تحدي أداء النماذج أحادية اللغة من خلال تحسين التعليمات، وتداول البيانات، وتدريب التفضيلات، وابتكارات دمج النماذج. يدعم 23 لغة."
   },
@@ -818,6 +821,9 @@
   "claude-opus-4-20250514": {
     "description": "Claude Opus 4 هو أقوى نموذج من Anthropic لمعالجة المهام المعقدة للغاية. إنه يتفوق في الأداء والذكاء والسلاسة والفهم."
   },
+  "claude-opus-4-5-20251101": {
+    "description": "Claude Opus 4.5 هو النموذج الرائد من Anthropic، يجمع بين الذكاء الفائق والأداء القابل للتوسع، مما يجعله مناسبًا للمهام المعقدة التي تتطلب أعلى مستويات الجودة في الاستجابة والقدرة على الاستدلال."
+  },
   "claude-sonnet-4-20250514": {
     "description": "كلود سونيت 4 يمكنه إنتاج استجابات شبه فورية أو تفكير تدريجي مطول، حيث يمكن للمستخدم رؤية هذه العمليات بوضوح."
   },
@@ -866,6 +872,9 @@
   "codex-mini-latest": {
     "description": "codex-mini-latest هو نسخة محسنة من o4-mini، مخصصة لـ Codex CLI. بالنسبة للاستخدام المباشر عبر API، نوصي بالبدء من gpt-4.1."
   },
+  "cogito-2.1:671b": {
+    "description": "Cogito v2.1 671B هو نموذج لغة مفتوح المصدر من الولايات المتحدة ومتاح للاستخدام التجاري المجاني، يتميز بأداء يقارن بأفضل النماذج، وكفاءة استدلال أعلى، وسياق طويل يصل إلى 128k، وقدرات شاملة قوية."
+  },
   "cogview-4": {
     "description": "CogView-4 هو أول نموذج مفتوح المصدر من Zhipu يدعم توليد الحروف الصينية، مع تحسينات شاملة في فهم المعاني، وجودة توليد الصور، وقدرات توليد النصوص باللغتين الصينية والإنجليزية، ويدعم إدخال ثنائي اللغة بأي طول، وقادر على توليد صور بأي دقة ضمن النطاق المحدد."
   },
@@ -1136,6 +1145,9 @@
   "deepseek-vl2-small": {
     "description": "DeepSeek VL2 Small، نسخة خفيفة متعددة الوسائط، مناسبة للبيئات ذات الموارد المحدودة وسيناريوهات الحمل العالي."
   },
+  "deepseek/deepseek-chat": {
+    "description": "DeepSeek-V3 هو نموذج استدلال هجين عالي الأداء من فريق DeepSeek، مناسب للمهام المعقدة وتكامل الأدوات."
+  },
   "deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3-0324": {
     "description": "DeepSeek V3 هو نموذج مختلط خبير يحتوي على 685B من المعلمات، وهو أحدث إصدار من سلسلة نماذج الدردشة الرائدة لفريق DeepSeek.\n\nيستفيد من نموذج [DeepSeek V3](/deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3) ويظهر أداءً ممتازًا في مجموعة متنوعة من المهام."
   },
@@ -1143,19 +1155,19 @@
     "description": "DeepSeek V3 هو نموذج مختلط خبير يحتوي على 685B من المعلمات، وهو أحدث إصدار من سلسلة نماذج الدردشة الرائدة لفريق DeepSeek.\n\nيستفيد من نموذج [DeepSeek V3](/deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3) ويظهر أداءً ممتازًا في مجموعة متنوعة من المهام."
   },
   "deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3.1": {
-    "description": "DeepSeek-V3.1 هو نموذج استدلال هجين كبير يدعم سياق طويل يصل إلى 128K وتبديل أوضاع فعال، ويحقق أداءً وسرعة ممتازة في استدعاء الأدوات، وتوليد الأكواد، والمهام الاستدلالية المعقدة."
+    "description": "DeepSeek-V3.1 هو نموذج استدلال هجين طويل السياق من DeepSeek، يدعم أوضاع التفكير وغير التفكير وتكامل الأدوات."
   },
   "deepseek/deepseek-r1": {
     "description": "تم ترقية نموذج DeepSeek R1 إلى إصدار صغير جديد، الإصدار الحالي هو DeepSeek-R1-0528. في التحديث الأخير، حسّن DeepSeek R1 عمق الاستدلال وقدرته بشكل ملحوظ من خلال استغلال موارد حسابية متزايدة وإدخال آليات تحسين خوارزمية بعد التدريب. النموذج يحقق أداءً ممتازًا في تقييمات معيارية متعددة مثل الرياضيات، والبرمجة، والمنطق العام، وأداؤه العام يقترب الآن من النماذج الرائدة مثل O3 وGemini 2.5 Pro."
   },
   "deepseek/deepseek-r1-0528": {
-    "description": "DeepSeek-R1 يعزز بشكل كبير قدرة الاستدلال للنموذج حتى مع وجود بيانات تعليمية قليلة جدًا. قبل إخراج الإجابة النهائية، يقوم النموذج أولاً بإخراج سلسلة من التفكير لتحسين دقة الإجابة النهائية."
+    "description": "DeepSeek R1 0528 هو إصدار محدث من DeepSeek، يركز على المصدر المفتوح وعمق الاستدلال."
   },
   "deepseek/deepseek-r1-0528:free": {
     "description": "DeepSeek-R1 يعزز بشكل كبير قدرة الاستدلال للنموذج حتى مع وجود بيانات تعليمية قليلة جدًا. قبل إخراج الإجابة النهائية، يقوم النموذج أولاً بإخراج سلسلة من التفكير لتحسين دقة الإجابة النهائية."
   },
   "deepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-70b": {
-    "description": "DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B هو نسخة مكثفة وأكثر كفاءة من نموذج Llama 70B. يحافظ على أداء قوي في مهام توليد النصوص مع تقليل استهلاك الحوسبة لتسهيل النشر والبحث. يتم تشغيله بواسطة Groq باستخدام وحدة معالجة اللغة المخصصة (LPU) لتوفير استدلال سريع وفعال."
+    "description": "DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 70B هو نموذج لغوي ضخم مبني على Llama3.3 70B، وقد تم تحسينه باستخدام نتائج DeepSeek R1، ليحقق أداءً تنافسيًا يعادل النماذج الرائدة الكبيرة."
   },
   "deepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-8b": {
     "description": "DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 8B هو نموذج لغوي كبير مكرر يعتمد على Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct، تم تدريبه باستخدام مخرجات DeepSeek R1."
@@ -1172,6 +1184,9 @@
   "deepseek/deepseek-r1:free": {
     "description": "DeepSeek-R1 يعزز بشكل كبير من قدرة النموذج على الاستدلال في ظل وجود بيانات محدودة جدًا. قبل تقديم الإجابة النهائية، يقوم النموذج أولاً بإخراج سلسلة من التفكير لتحسين دقة الإجابة النهائية."
   },
+  "deepseek/deepseek-reasoner": {
+    "description": "DeepSeek-V3 Thinking (reasoner) هو نموذج استدلال تجريبي من DeepSeek، مناسب للمهام الاستدلالية عالية التعقيد."
+  },
   "deepseek/deepseek-v3": {
     "description": "نموذج لغة كبير عام سريع مع قدرات استدلال محسنة."
   },
@@ -1478,9 +1493,6 @@
   "gemini-2.0-flash-lite-001": {
     "description": "نموذج جمنّي 2.0 فلاش هو نسخة معدلة، تم تحسينها لتحقيق الكفاءة من حيث التكلفة والحد من التأخير."
   },
-  "gemini-2.0-flash-preview-image-generation": {
-    "description": "نموذج معاينة Gemini 2.0 Flash، يدعم توليد الصور"
-  },
   "gemini-2.5-flash": {
     "description": "Gemini 2.5 Flash هو نموذج Google الأكثر فعالية من حيث التكلفة، ويوفر وظائف شاملة."
   },
@@ -1508,9 +1520,6 @@
   "gemini-2.5-flash-preview-04-17": {
     "description": "معاينة فلاش جمنّي 2.5 هي النموذج الأكثر كفاءة من جوجل، حيث تقدم مجموعة شاملة من الميزات."
   },
-  "gemini-2.5-flash-preview-05-20": {
-    "description": "Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview هو نموذج Google الأكثر فعالية من حيث التكلفة، يقدم وظائف شاملة."
-  },
   "gemini-2.5-flash-preview-09-2025": {
     "description": "إصدار معاينة (25 سبتمبر 2025) من Gemini 2.5 Flash"
   },
@@ -1526,6 +1535,15 @@
   "gemini-2.5-pro-preview-06-05": {
     "description": "جيميني 2.5 برو بريڤيو هو أحدث نموذج تفكيري من جوجل، قادر على استنتاج حلول للمشكلات المعقدة في مجالات البرمجة، الرياضيات، والعلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات (STEM)، بالإضافة إلى تحليل مجموعات بيانات كبيرة، قواعد بيانات البرمجة، والوثائق باستخدام سياق طويل."
   },
+  "gemini-3-pro-image-preview": {
+    "description": "Gemini 3 Pro Image (Nano Banana Pro) هو نموذج توليد صور من Google، يدعم أيضًا المحادثات متعددة الوسائط."
+  },
+  "gemini-3-pro-image-preview:image": {
+    "description": "Gemini 3 Pro Image (Nano Banana Pro) هو نموذج توليد صور من Google، يدعم أيضًا المحادثات متعددة الوسائط."
+  },
+  "gemini-3-pro-preview": {
+    "description": "Gemini 3 Pro هو أفضل نموذج لفهم الوسائط المتعددة عالميًا، وأقوى نموذج ذكي من Google حتى الآن، يوفر تأثيرات بصرية غنية وتفاعلية عميقة، وكل ذلك مبني على قدرات استدلال متقدمة."
+  },
   "gemini-flash-latest": {
     "description": "أحدث إصدار من Gemini Flash"
   },
@@ -1649,8 +1667,11 @@
   "glm-zero-preview": {
     "description": "يمتلك GLM-Zero-Preview قدرة قوية على الاستدلال المعقد، ويظهر أداءً ممتازًا في مجالات الاستدلال المنطقي، والرياضيات، والبرمجة."
   },
+  "global.anthropic.claude-opus-4-5-20251101-v1:0": {
+    "description": "Claude Opus 4.5 هو النموذج الرائد من Anthropic، يجمع بين الذكاء الفائق والأداء القابل للتوسع، مما يجعله مناسبًا للمهام المعقدة التي تتطلب أعلى مستويات الجودة في الاستجابة والقدرة على الاستدلال."
+  },
   "google/gemini-2.0-flash": {
-    "description": "Gemini 2.0 Flash يقدم ميزات الجيل التالي وتحسينات تشمل سرعة فائقة، استخدام أدوات مدمجة، توليد متعدد الوسائط، ونافذة سياق تصل إلى مليون رمز."
+    "description": "Gemini 2.0 Flash هو نموذج استدلال عالي الأداء من Google، مناسب للمهام متعددة الوسائط الممتدة."
   },
   "google/gemini-2.0-flash-001": {
     "description": "Gemini 2.0 Flash يقدم ميزات وتحسينات من الجيل التالي، بما في ذلك سرعة فائقة، واستخدام أدوات أصلية، وتوليد متعدد الوسائط، ونافذة سياق تصل إلى 1M توكن."
@@ -1661,14 +1682,23 @@
   "google/gemini-2.0-flash-lite": {
     "description": "Gemini 2.0 Flash Lite يقدم ميزات الجيل التالي وتحسينات تشمل سرعة فائقة، استخدام أدوات مدمجة، توليد متعدد الوسائط، ونافذة سياق تصل إلى مليون رمز."
   },
+  "google/gemini-2.0-flash-lite-001": {
+    "description": "Gemini 2.0 Flash Lite هو إصدار خفيف من عائلة Gemini، لا يفعل وضع التفكير افتراضيًا لتحسين الأداء من حيث التأخير والتكلفة، ويمكن تفعيله عبر المعلمات."
+  },
   "google/gemini-2.5-flash": {
-    "description": "Gemini 2.5 Flash هو نموذج تفكيري يقدم قدرات شاملة ممتازة. مصمم لتحقيق توازن بين السعر والأداء، ويدعم متعدد الوسائط ونافذة سياق تصل إلى مليون رمز."
+    "description": "سلسلة Gemini 2.5 Flash (Lite/Pro/Flash) هي نماذج استدلال من Google تتراوح من تأخير منخفض إلى أداء عالٍ."
+  },
+  "google/gemini-2.5-flash-image": {
+    "description": "Gemini 2.5 Flash Image (Nano Banana) هو نموذج توليد صور من Google، يدعم أيضًا المحادثات متعددة الوسائط."
+  },
+  "google/gemini-2.5-flash-image-free": {
+    "description": "الإصدار المجاني من Gemini 2.5 Flash Image، يدعم توليد الوسائط المتعددة بحدود استخدام معينة."
   },
   "google/gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview": {
     "description": "نموذج تجريبي Gemini 2.5 Flash، يدعم توليد الصور."
   },
   "google/gemini-2.5-flash-lite": {
-    "description": "Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite هو نموذج متوازن ومنخفض التأخير مع ميزانية تفكير قابلة للتكوين واتصال بالأدوات (مثل البحث في Google والتنفيذ البرمجي). يدعم مدخلات متعددة الوسائط ويوفر نافذة سياق تصل إلى مليون رمز."
+    "description": "Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite هو إصدار خفيف من Gemini 2.5، محسن من حيث التأخير والتكلفة، مناسب للسيناريوهات ذات الإنتاجية العالية."
   },
   "google/gemini-2.5-flash-preview": {
     "description": "Gemini 2.5 Flash هو النموذج الرائد الأكثر تقدمًا من Google، مصمم للاستدلال المتقدم، الترميز، المهام الرياضية والعلمية. يحتوي على قدرة \"التفكير\" المدمجة، مما يمكّنه من تقديم استجابات بدقة أعلى ومعالجة سياقات أكثر تفصيلاً.\n\nملاحظة: يحتوي هذا النموذج على نوعين: التفكير وغير التفكير. تختلف تسعير الإخراج بشكل ملحوظ بناءً على ما إذا كانت قدرة التفكير مفعلة. إذا اخترت النوع القياسي (بدون لاحقة \" :thinking \")، سيتجنب النموذج بشكل صريح توليد رموز التفكير.\n\nلاستغلال قدرة التفكير واستقبال رموز التفكير، يجب عليك اختيار النوع \" :thinking \"، مما سيؤدي إلى تسعير إخراج تفكير أعلى.\n\nبالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن تكوين Gemini 2.5 Flash من خلال معلمة \"الحد الأقصى لعدد رموز الاستدلال\"، كما هو موضح في الوثائق (https://openrouter.ai/docs/use-cases/reasoning-tokens#max-tokens-for-reasoning)."
@@ -1677,11 +1707,26 @@
     "description": "Gemini 2.5 Flash هو النموذج الرائد الأكثر تقدمًا من Google، مصمم للاستدلال المتقدم، الترميز، المهام الرياضية والعلمية. يحتوي على قدرة \"التفكير\" المدمجة، مما يمكّنه من تقديم استجابات بدقة أعلى ومعالجة سياقات أكثر تفصيلاً.\n\nملاحظة: يحتوي هذا النموذج على نوعين: التفكير وغير التفكير. تختلف تسعير الإخراج بشكل ملحوظ بناءً على ما إذا كانت قدرة التفكير مفعلة. إذا اخترت النوع القياسي (بدون لاحقة \" :thinking \")، سيتجنب النموذج بشكل صريح توليد رموز التفكير.\n\nلاستغلال قدرة التفكير واستقبال رموز التفكير، يجب عليك اختيار النوع \" :thinking \"، مما سيؤدي إلى تسعير إخراج تفكير أعلى.\n\nبالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن تكوين Gemini 2.5 Flash من خلال معلمة \"الحد الأقصى لعدد رموز الاستدلال\"، كما هو موضح في الوثائق (https://openrouter.ai/docs/use-cases/reasoning-tokens#max-tokens-for-reasoning)."
   },
   "google/gemini-2.5-pro": {
-    "description": "Gemini 2.5 Pro هو نموذج Gemini المتقدم للاستدلال، قادر على حل المشكلات المعقدة. يحتوي على نافذة سياق تصل إلى مليوني رمز، ويدعم مدخلات متعددة الوسائط تشمل النصوص، الصور، الصوت، الفيديو، ومستندات PDF."
+    "description": "Gemini 2.5 Pro هو نموذج استدلال رائد من Google، يدعم السياق الطويل والمهام المعقدة."
+  },
+  "google/gemini-2.5-pro-free": {
+    "description": "الإصدار المجاني من Gemini 2.5 Pro، يدعم سياق طويل متعدد الوسائط بحدود استخدام معينة، مناسب للتجربة وسير العمل الخفيف."
   },
   "google/gemini-2.5-pro-preview": {
     "description": "معاينة Gemini 2.5 Pro هي أحدث نموذج تفكيري من Google، قادر على استنتاج المشكلات المعقدة في مجالات البرمجة والرياضيات والعلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات (STEM)، بالإضافة إلى استخدام سياق طويل لتحليل مجموعات البيانات الكبيرة، وقواعد الشيفرة، والوثائق."
   },
+  "google/gemini-3-pro-image-preview": {
+    "description": "Gemini 3 Pro Image (Nano Banana Pro) هو نموذج توليد الصور من Google، ويدعم المحادثات متعددة الوسائط."
+  },
+  "google/gemini-3-pro-image-preview-free": {
+    "description": "الإصدار المجاني من Gemini 3 Pro Image، يدعم توليد الوسائط المتعددة بحدود استخدام معينة."
+  },
+  "google/gemini-3-pro-preview": {
+    "description": "Gemini 3 Pro هو الجيل التالي من نماذج الاستدلال متعددة الوسائط من سلسلة Gemini، قادر على فهم النصوص، الصوت، الصور، الفيديو وغيرها، ويعالج المهام المعقدة ومستودعات الشيفرة الكبيرة."
+  },
+  "google/gemini-3-pro-preview-free": {
+    "description": "الإصدار المجاني من Gemini 3 Pro Preview، يتمتع بنفس قدرات الفهم والاستدلال متعددة الوسائط مثل الإصدار القياسي، لكنه يخضع لقيود الاستخدام المجاني ومعدل الاستجابة، مما يجعله مناسبًا للتجربة والاستخدام منخفض التكرار."
+  },
   "google/gemini-embedding-001": {
     "description": "نموذج تضمين متقدم يقدم أداءً ممتازًا في مهام اللغة الإنجليزية، متعددة اللغات، والبرمجة."
   },
@@ -1907,6 +1952,12 @@
   "grok-4-0709": {
     "description": "Grok 4 من xAI، يتمتع بقدرات استدلال قوية."
   },
+  "grok-4-1-fast-non-reasoning": {
+    "description": "نموذج متعدد الوسائط متقدم، مُحسَّن خصيصًا لاستدعاء أدوات الوكلاء عالية الأداء."
+  },
+  "grok-4-1-fast-reasoning": {
+    "description": "نموذج متعدد الوسائط متقدم، مُحسَّن خصيصًا لاستدعاء أدوات الوكلاء عالية الأداء."
+  },
   "grok-4-fast-non-reasoning": {
     "description": "نحن سعداء بإصدار Grok 4 Fast، وهو أحدث تقدم لدينا في نماذج الاستدلال ذات التكلفة الفعالة."
   },
@@ -2051,21 +2102,36 @@
   "inception/mercury-coder-small": {
     "description": "Mercury Coder Small هو الخيار المثالي لمهام توليد الكود، وتصحيح الأخطاء، وإعادة الهيكلة، مع أدنى تأخير."
   },
-  "inclusionAI/Ling-1T": {
-    "description": "Ling-1T هو أول نموذج رائد من سلسلة \"Ling 2.0\" غير المعتمد على التفكير، يحتوي على تريليون معلمة إجمالية و50 مليار معلمة نشطة لكل رمز. تم بناؤه على بنية Ling 2.0، ويهدف إلى تجاوز حدود الاستدلال الفعال والإدراك القابل للتوسع. تم تدريب Ling-1T-base على أكثر من 200 تريليون رمز عالي الجودة وغني بالاستدلال."
-  },
   "inclusionAI/Ling-flash-2.0": {
     "description": "Ling-flash-2.0 هو النموذج الثالث في سلسلة بنية Ling 2.0 التي أصدرها فريق Bailing في مجموعة Ant. هو نموذج خبراء مختلط (MoE) بحجم إجمالي 100 مليار معلمة، لكنه ينشط فقط 6.1 مليار معلمة لكل رمز (غير متضمنة تمثيلات الكلمات 4.8 مليار). كنموذج خفيف الوزن، أظهر Ling-flash-2.0 أداءً يضاهي أو يتفوق على نماذج كثيفة بحجم 40 مليار معلمة ونماذج MoE أكبر في عدة تقييمات موثوقة. يهدف النموذج إلى استكشاف مسارات عالية الكفاءة من خلال تصميم معماري واستراتيجيات تدريب متقدمة، في ظل القناعة بأن \"النموذج الكبير يعني معلمات كثيرة\"."
   },
   "inclusionAI/Ling-mini-2.0": {
     "description": "Ling-mini-2.0 هو نموذج لغة كبير صغير الحجم وعالي الأداء مبني على بنية MoE. يحتوي على 16 مليار معلمة إجمالية، لكنه ينشط فقط 1.4 مليار معلمة لكل رمز (غير متضمنة التضمين 789 مليون)، مما يحقق سرعة توليد عالية جدًا. بفضل تصميم MoE الفعال وبيانات تدريب ضخمة وعالية الجودة، رغم تنشيط معلمات قليلة، يظهر Ling-mini-2.0 أداءً متقدمًا في المهام اللاحقة يضاهي نماذج LLM كثيفة أقل من 10 مليارات معلمة ونماذج MoE أكبر."
   },
-  "inclusionAI/Ring-1T": {
-    "description": "Ring-1T هو نموذج تفكير مفتوح المصدر بحجم تريليون معلمة، أطلقه فريق Bailing. يعتمد على بنية Ling 2.0 ونموذج Ling-1T-base، ويحتوي على تريليون معلمة إجمالية و50 مليار معلمة نشطة، ويدعم نافذة سياق تصل إلى 128 ألف. تم تحسينه من خلال تعلم التعزيز القابل للتحقق على نطاق واسع."
-  },
   "inclusionAI/Ring-flash-2.0": {
     "description": "Ring-flash-2.0 هو نموذج تفكير عالي الأداء محسّن بعمق بناءً على Ling-flash-2.0-base. يستخدم بنية خبراء مختلط (MoE) بحجم إجمالي 100 مليار معلمة، لكنه ينشط فقط 6.1 مليار معلمة في كل استدلال. يحل النموذج من خلال خوارزمية icepop المبتكرة مشكلة عدم استقرار نماذج MoE الكبيرة في تدريب التعلم المعزز (RL)، مما يسمح بتحسين مستمر لقدرات الاستدلال المعقدة خلال التدريب طويل الأمد. حقق Ring-flash-2.0 تقدمًا ملحوظًا في مسابقات الرياضيات، توليد الشيفرة، والاستدلال المنطقي، متفوقًا على أفضل النماذج الكثيفة التي تقل عن 40 مليار معلمة، وقريبًا من نماذج MoE مفتوحة المصدر الأكبر ونماذج التفكير عالية الأداء المغلقة المصدر. رغم تركيزه على الاستدلال المعقد، يظهر أداءً ممتازًا في مهام الكتابة الإبداعية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، وبفضل تصميمه المعماري الفعال، يوفر Ring-flash-2.0 أداءً قويًا مع استدلال عالي السرعة، مما يقلل بشكل كبير من تكلفة نشر نماذج التفكير في بيئات ذات حمل عالٍ."
   },
+  "inclusionai/ling-1t": {
+    "description": "Ling-1T هو نموذج MoE بسعة 1 تريليون من inclusionAI، محسن للمهام الاستدلالية المكثفة والسياقات الواسعة."
+  },
+  "inclusionai/ling-flash-2.0": {
+    "description": "Ling-flash-2.0 هو نموذج MoE من inclusionAI، محسن من حيث الكفاءة وأداء الاستدلال، مناسب للمهام المتوسطة إلى الكبيرة."
+  },
+  "inclusionai/ling-mini-2.0": {
+    "description": "Ling-mini-2.0 هو نموذج MoE خفيف الوزن من inclusionAI، يقلل التكاليف بشكل كبير مع الحفاظ على قدرات الاستدلال."
+  },
+  "inclusionai/ming-flash-omini-preview": {
+    "description": "Ming-flash-omni Preview هو نموذج متعدد الوسائط من inclusionAI، يدعم إدخال الصوت، الصور والفيديو، مع تحسينات في عرض الصور والتعرف على الصوت."
+  },
+  "inclusionai/ring-1t": {
+    "description": "Ring-1T هو نموذج MoE بسعة تريليون من inclusionAI، مصمم للمهام الاستدلالية واسعة النطاق والبحثية."
+  },
+  "inclusionai/ring-flash-2.0": {
+    "description": "Ring-flash-2.0 هو إصدار من نموذج Ring من inclusionAI موجه لسيناريوهات الإنتاجية العالية، يركز على السرعة وكفاءة التكلفة."
+  },
+  "inclusionai/ring-mini-2.0": {
+    "description": "Ring-mini-2.0 هو إصدار خفيف الوزن عالي الإنتاجية من نموذج MoE من inclusionAI، مخصص لسيناريوهات التوازي العالي."
+  },
   "internlm/internlm2_5-7b-chat": {
     "description": "InternLM2.5 يوفر حلول حوار ذكية في عدة سيناريوهات."
   },
@@ -2117,6 +2183,12 @@
   "kimi-k2-instruct": {
     "description": "Kimi K2 Instruct، نموذج الاستدلال الرسمي من Kimi، يدعم السياق الطويل، البرمجة، الأسئلة والأجوبة، وغيرها من السيناريوهات."
   },
+  "kimi-k2-thinking": {
+    "description": "نموذج kimi-k2-thinking من تطوير Moonshot AI، يتمتع بقدرات عامة في التفكير والاستدلال، ويتقن الاستدلال العميق ويمكنه استخدام الأدوات عبر خطوات متعددة لحل مختلف المشكلات المعقدة."
+  },
+  "kimi-k2-thinking-turbo": {
+    "description": "الإصدار السريع من نموذج التفكير طويل المدى K2، يدعم سياق 256k، بارع في الاستدلال العميق، وسرعة إخراج تصل إلى 60-100 رمز في الثانية."
+  },
   "kimi-k2-turbo-preview": {
     "description": "kimi-k2 هو نموذج أساسي بمعمارية MoE يتمتع بقدرات قوية للغاية في البرمجة وقدرات الوكيل (Agent)، بإجمالي معلمات يبلغ 1 تريليون والمعلمات المُفعَّلة 32 مليار. في اختبارات الأداء المعيارية للفئات الرئيسية مثل الاستدلال المعرفي العام والبرمجة والرياضيات والوكلاء (Agent)، تفوق أداء نموذج K2 على النماذج المفتوحة المصدر السائدة الأخرى."
   },
@@ -2129,6 +2201,9 @@
   "kimi-thinking-preview": {
     "description": "نموذج kimi-thinking-preview هو نموذج تفكير متعدد الوسائط يتمتع بقدرات استدلال متعددة الوسائط وعامة، مقدم من الجانب المظلم للقمر، يتقن الاستدلال العميق ويساعد في حل المزيد من المسائل الصعبة."
   },
+  "kuaishou/kat-coder-pro-v1": {
+    "description": "KAT-Coder-Pro-V1 (مجاني لفترة محدودة) يركز على فهم الشيفرة والبرمجة التلقائية، مخصص لمهام البرمجة الفعالة."
+  },
   "learnlm-1.5-pro-experimental": {
     "description": "LearnLM هو نموذج لغوي تجريبي محدد المهام، تم تدريبه ليتماشى مع مبادئ علوم التعلم، يمكنه اتباع التعليمات النظامية في سيناريوهات التعليم والتعلم، ويعمل كمدرب خبير."
   },
@@ -2225,6 +2300,9 @@
   "megrez-3b-instruct": {
     "description": "Megrez 3B Instruct هو نموذج صغير الحجم وعالي الكفاءة أطلقته شركة Wuwen Xinqiong."
   },
+  "meituan/longcat-flash-chat": {
+    "description": "نموذج أساسي غير تأملي مفتوح المصدر من Meituan، مُحسَّن للتفاعل الحواري ومهام الوكلاء الذكيين، ويتميز في استدعاء الأدوات وسيناريوهات التفاعل المعقدة متعددة الجولات."
+  },
   "meta-llama-3-70b-instruct": {
     "description": "نموذج قوي بحجم 70 مليار معلمة يتفوق في التفكير، والترميز، وتطبيقات اللغة الواسعة."
   },
@@ -2456,6 +2534,12 @@
   "minimax-m2": {
     "description": "MiniMax M2 هو نموذج لغوي كبير وفعّال، تم تطويره خصيصًا لتلبية احتياجات الترميز وتدفقات عمل الوكلاء."
   },
+  "minimax/minimax-m2": {
+    "description": "MiniMax-M2 هو نموذج عالي الكفاءة في البرمجة ومهام الوكلاء، مناسب لمجموعة متنوعة من السيناريوهات الهندسية."
+  },
+  "minimaxai/minimax-m2": {
+    "description": "MiniMax-M2 هو نموذج خبراء مختلط (MoE) مدمج وسريع وفعّال من حيث التكلفة، يحتوي على 230 مليار معلمة إجمالية و10 مليارات معلمة نشطة، صُمم لتحقيق أداء فائق في مهام الترميز والوكالة، مع الحفاظ على ذكاء عام قوي. يتميز هذا النموذج بأداء ممتاز في تحرير الملفات المتعددة، ودورة الترميز-التنفيذ-الإصلاح، والتحقق من الاختبارات والإصلاح، وسلاسل الأدوات المعقدة ذات الروابط الطويلة، مما يجعله خيارًا مثاليًا لسير عمل المطورين."
+  },
   "ministral-3b-latest": {
     "description": "Ministral 3B هو نموذج حافة عالمي المستوى من Mistral."
   },
@@ -2600,12 +2684,21 @@
   "moonshotai/kimi-k2": {
     "description": "Kimi K2 هو نموذج لغة كبير مختلط الخبراء (MoE) ضخم طورته Moonshot AI، يحتوي على تريليون معلمة إجمالية و32 مليار معلمة نشطة في كل تمرير أمامي. مُحسّن لقدرات الوكيل، بما في ذلك استخدام الأدوات المتقدمة، الاستدلال، وتركيب الكود."
   },
+  "moonshotai/kimi-k2-0711": {
+    "description": "Kimi K2 0711 هو إصدار Instruct من سلسلة Kimi، مناسب لسيناريوهات الشيفرة عالية الجودة واستدعاء الأدوات."
+  },
   "moonshotai/kimi-k2-0905": {
-    "description": "نموذج kimi-k2-0905-preview يدعم طول سياق 256k، يتمتع بقدرات ترميز وكيل أقوى، وجمالية وعملية أفضل في الشيفرة الأمامية، وفهم سياق محسن."
+    "description": "Kimi K2 0905 هو تحديث لسلسلة Kimi، يعزز السياق وقدرات الاستدلال، ومحسن لسيناريوهات البرمجة."
   },
   "moonshotai/kimi-k2-instruct-0905": {
     "description": "نموذج kimi-k2-0905-preview يدعم طول سياق 256k، يتمتع بقدرات ترميز وكيل أقوى، وجمالية وعملية أفضل في الشيفرة الأمامية، وفهم سياق محسن."
   },
+  "moonshotai/kimi-k2-thinking": {
+    "description": "Kimi K2 Thinking هو نموذج تفكير من Moonshot محسن لمهام الاستدلال العميق، يتمتع بقدرات وكيل عامة."
+  },
+  "moonshotai/kimi-k2-thinking-turbo": {
+    "description": "Kimi K2 Thinking Turbo هو الإصدار السريع من Kimi K2 Thinking، يقلل بشكل كبير من زمن الاستجابة مع الحفاظ على قدرات الاستدلال العميق."
+  },
   "morph/morph-v3-fast": {
     "description": "Morph يقدم نموذج ذكاء اصطناعي مخصص يطبق تغييرات الكود المقترحة من نماذج متقدمة مثل Claude أو GPT-4o على ملفات الكود الحالية بسرعة فائقة - أكثر من 4500 رمز في الثانية. يعمل كخطوة نهائية في سير عمل الترميز بالذكاء الاصطناعي. يدعم 16k رمز إدخال و16k رمز إخراج."
   },
@@ -2688,28 +2781,49 @@
     "description": "gpt-4-turbo من OpenAI يمتلك معرفة عامة واسعة وخبرة ميدانية، مما يمكنه من اتباع تعليمات اللغة الطبيعية المعقدة وحل المشكلات بدقة. تاريخ المعرفة حتى أبريل 2023، ونافذة سياق تصل إلى 128,000 رمز."
   },
   "openai/gpt-4.1": {
-    "description": "GPT 4.1 هو النموذج الرائد من OpenAI، مناسب للمهام المعقدة. مثالي لحل المشكلات متعددة المجالات."
+    "description": "سلسلة GPT-4.1 توفر سياقًا أوسع وقدرات أقوى في الهندسة والاستدلال."
   },
   "openai/gpt-4.1-mini": {
-    "description": "GPT 4.1 mini يوازن بين الذكاء والسرعة والتكلفة، مما يجعله نموذجًا جذابًا للعديد من حالات الاستخدام."
+    "description": "GPT-4.1 Mini يقدم زمن استجابة أقل وتكلفة أفضل، مناسب للمهام ذات السياق المتوسط."
   },
   "openai/gpt-4.1-nano": {
-    "description": "GPT-4.1 nano هو أسرع وأكفأ نموذج GPT 4.1 من حيث التكلفة."
+    "description": "GPT-4.1 Nano هو خيار منخفض التكلفة وزمن استجابة منخفض جدًا، مناسب للمحادثات القصيرة المتكررة أو سيناريوهات التصنيف."
   },
   "openai/gpt-4o": {
-    "description": "GPT-4o من OpenAI يمتلك معرفة عامة واسعة وخبرة ميدانية، قادر على اتباع تعليمات اللغة الطبيعية المعقدة وحل المشكلات بدقة. يقدم أداءً مماثلًا لـ GPT-4 Turbo عبر API أسرع وأرخص."
+    "description": "سلسلة GPT-4o هي نموذج Omni من OpenAI، يدعم إدخال نصوص + صور وإخراج نصي."
   },
   "openai/gpt-4o-mini": {
-    "description": "GPT-4o mini من OpenAI هو أصغر نموذج متقدم وأكثر كفاءة من حيث التكلفة. متعدد الوسائط (يقبل نصوصًا أو صورًا ويخرج نصًا)، وأكثر ذكاءً من gpt-3.5-turbo، مع سرعة مماثلة."
+    "description": "GPT-4o-mini هو النسخة الصغيرة والسريعة من GPT-4o، مناسب لسيناريوهات الوسائط المختلطة منخفضة التأخير."
   },
   "openai/gpt-5": {
-    "description": "GPT-5 هو النموذج الرائد من OpenAI، يتفوق في الاستدلال المعقد، المعرفة الواقعية الواسعة، المهام المكثفة للكود، والوكالة متعددة الخطوات."
+    "description": "GPT-5 هو نموذج عالي الأداء من OpenAI، مناسب لمجموعة واسعة من مهام الإنتاج والبحث."
+  },
+  "openai/gpt-5-chat": {
+    "description": "GPT-5 Chat هو إصدار فرعي من GPT-5 مُحسَّن لسيناريوهات المحادثة، يقلل من التأخير لتحسين تجربة التفاعل."
+  },
+  "openai/gpt-5-codex": {
+    "description": "GPT-5-Codex هو إصدار مُحسَّن من GPT-5 مخصص لسيناريوهات البرمجة، مناسب لسير عمل البرمجة على نطاق واسع."
   },
   "openai/gpt-5-mini": {
-    "description": "GPT-5 mini هو نموذج محسّن من حيث التكلفة، يقدم أداءً ممتازًا في مهام الاستدلال والدردشة. يوفر توازنًا مثاليًا بين السرعة والتكلفة والقدرة."
+    "description": "GPT-5 Mini هو النسخة المصغرة من عائلة GPT-5، مناسب للسيناريوهات منخفضة التكلفة وزمن الاستجابة."
   },
   "openai/gpt-5-nano": {
-    "description": "GPT-5 nano هو نموذج عالي الإنتاجية، يتفوق في المهام البسيطة مثل التعليمات أو التصنيف."
+    "description": "GPT-5 Nano هو النسخة فائقة الصغر من العائلة، مناسب للسيناريوهات التي تتطلب تكلفة وزمن استجابة منخفضين للغاية."
+  },
+  "openai/gpt-5-pro": {
+    "description": "GPT-5 Pro هو النموذج الرائد من OpenAI، يوفر قدرات استدلال وتوليد أكواد متقدمة ووظائف على مستوى المؤسسات، ويدعم التوجيه أثناء الاختبار واستراتيجيات أمان أكثر صرامة."
+  },
+  "openai/gpt-5.1": {
+    "description": "GPT-5.1 هو أحدث نموذج رائد في سلسلة GPT-5، يتميز بتحسينات ملحوظة في الاستدلال العام، اتباع التعليمات، وطبيعية الحوار، ومناسب لمجموعة واسعة من المهام."
+  },
+  "openai/gpt-5.1-chat": {
+    "description": "GPT-5.1 Chat هو عضو خفيف من عائلة GPT-5.1، مُحسَّن للمحادثات منخفضة التأخير مع الحفاظ على قدرات استدلال وتنفيذ تعليمات قوية."
+  },
+  "openai/gpt-5.1-codex": {
+    "description": "GPT-5.1-Codex هو إصدار مُحسَّن من GPT-5.1 مخصص لهندسة البرمجيات وسير عمل البرمجة، مناسب لإعادة هيكلة واسعة النطاق، تصحيح الأخطاء المعقدة، ومهام البرمجة الذاتية طويلة الأمد."
+  },
+  "openai/gpt-5.1-codex-mini": {
+    "description": "GPT-5.1-Codex-Mini هو النسخة الصغيرة والمعجلة من GPT-5.1-Codex، أكثر ملاءمة لسيناريوهات البرمجة الحساسة للتكلفة والتأخير."
   },
   "openai/gpt-oss-120b": {
     "description": "نموذج لغة كبير عام عالي الكفاءة، يتمتع بقدرات استدلال قوية وقابلة للتحكم."
@@ -2736,7 +2850,7 @@
     "description": "o3-mini عالي المستوى من حيث الاستدلال، يقدم ذكاءً عاليًا بنفس تكلفة وأهداف التأخير مثل o1-mini."
   },
   "openai/o4-mini": {
-    "description": "o4-mini من OpenAI يقدم استدلالًا سريعًا وفعالًا من حيث التكلفة، مع أداء ممتاز بالنسبة لحجمه، خاصة في الرياضيات (الأفضل في اختبار AIME)، الترميز، والمهام البصرية."
+    "description": "OpenAI o4-mini هو نموذج استدلال صغير وفعال من OpenAI، مناسب لسيناريوهات منخفضة التأخير."
   },
   "openai/o4-mini-high": {
     "description": "o4-mini إصدار عالي من حيث مستوى الاستدلال، تم تحسينه للاستدلال السريع والفعال، ويظهر كفاءة وأداء عاليين في المهام البرمجية والرؤية."
@@ -2940,7 +3054,7 @@
     "description": "نموذج قوي للبرمجة متوسطة الحجم، يدعم طول سياق يصل إلى 32K، بارع في البرمجة متعددة اللغات."
   },
   "qwen/qwen3-14b": {
-    "description": "Qwen3-14B هو نموذج لغوي سببي مكثف يحتوي على 14.8 مليار معلمة، مصمم للاستدلال المعقد والحوار الفعال. يدعم التبديل بسلاسة بين نمط \"التفكير\" المستخدم في الرياضيات، والبرمجة، والاستدلال المنطقي، ونمط \"غير التفكير\" المستخدم في الحوار العام. تم ضبط هذا النموذج ليكون مناسبًا للامتثال للتعليمات، واستخدام أدوات الوكلاء، والكتابة الإبداعية، واستخدامه عبر أكثر من 100 لغة ولهجة. يدعم بشكل أصلي معالجة 32K رمز، ويمكن توسيعها باستخدام التمديد القائم على YaRN إلى 131K رمز."
+    "description": "Qwen3-14B هو إصدار 14B من سلسلة Qwen، مناسب للاستدلال العام وسيناريوهات المحادثة."
   },
   "qwen/qwen3-14b:free": {
     "description": "Qwen3-14B هو نموذج لغوي سببي مكثف يحتوي على 14.8 مليار معلمة، مصمم للاستدلال المعقد والحوار الفعال. يدعم التبديل بسلاسة بين نمط \"التفكير\" المستخدم في الرياضيات، والبرمجة، والاستدلال المنطقي، ونمط \"غير التفكير\" المستخدم في الحوار العام. تم ضبط هذا النموذج ليكون مناسبًا للامتثال للتعليمات، واستخدام أدوات الوكلاء، والكتابة الإبداعية، واستخدامه عبر أكثر من 100 لغة ولهجة. يدعم بشكل أصلي معالجة 32K رمز، ويمكن توسيعها باستخدام التمديد القائم على YaRN إلى 131K رمز."
@@ -2948,6 +3062,12 @@
   "qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b": {
     "description": "Qwen3-235B-A22B هو نموذج مختلط خبير (MoE) يحتوي على 235 مليار معلمة تم تطويره بواسطة Qwen، حيث يتم تنشيط 22 مليار معلمة في كل تمرير للأمام. يدعم التبديل بسلاسة بين نمط \"التفكير\" المستخدم في الاستدلال المعقد، والرياضيات، ومهام البرمجة، ونمط \"غير التفكير\" المستخدم في الحوار العام. يظهر هذا النموذج قدرات استدلال قوية، ودعمًا للغات المتعددة (أكثر من 100 لغة ولهجة)، وقدرات متقدمة في الامتثال للتعليمات واستدعاء أدوات الوكلاء. يدعم بشكل أصلي معالجة نافذة سياق من 32K رمز، ويمكن توسيعها باستخدام التمديد القائم على YaRN إلى 131K رمز."
   },
+  "qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507": {
+    "description": "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507 هو إصدار Instruct من سلسلة Qwen3، يجمع بين دعم التعليمات متعددة اللغات وسيناريوهات السياق الطويل."
+  },
+  "qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-thinking-2507": {
+    "description": "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 هو إصدار Thinking من Qwen3، مُعزز لمهام الرياضيات المعقدة والاستدلال."
+  },
   "qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b:free": {
     "description": "Qwen3-235B-A22B هو نموذج مختلط خبير (MoE) يحتوي على 235 مليار معلمة تم تطويره بواسطة Qwen، حيث يتم تنشيط 22 مليار معلمة في كل تمرير للأمام. يدعم التبديل بسلاسة بين نمط \"التفكير\" المستخدم في الاستدلال المعقد، والرياضيات، ومهام البرمجة، ونمط \"غير التفكير\" المستخدم في الحوار العام. يظهر هذا النموذج قدرات استدلال قوية، ودعمًا للغات المتعددة (أكثر من 100 لغة ولهجة)، وقدرات متقدمة في الامتثال للتعليمات واستدعاء أدوات الوكلاء. يدعم بشكل أصلي معالجة نافذة سياق من 32K رمز، ويمكن توسيعها باستخدام التمديد القائم على YaRN إلى 131K رمز."
   },
@@ -2966,6 +3086,21 @@
   "qwen/qwen3-8b:free": {
     "description": "Qwen3-8B هو نموذج لغوي سببي مكثف يحتوي على 8.2 مليار معلمة، مصمم للمهام التي تتطلب استدلالًا مكثفًا والحوار الفعال. يدعم التبديل بسلاسة بين نمط \"التفكير\" المستخدم في الرياضيات والترميز والاستدلال المنطقي، ونمط \"غير التفكير\" المستخدم في الحوار العام. تم ضبط هذا النموذج ليكون مناسبًا للامتثال للتعليمات، ودمج الوكلاء، والكتابة الإبداعية، واستخدامه عبر أكثر من 100 لغة ولهجة. يدعم بشكل أصلي نافذة سياق من 32K رمز، ويمكن توسيعها إلى 131K رمز عبر YaRN."
   },
+  "qwen/qwen3-coder": {
+    "description": "Qwen3-Coder هو جزء من عائلة مولدات الأكواد في Qwen3، بارع في فهم وتوليد الأكواد داخل المستندات الطويلة."
+  },
+  "qwen/qwen3-coder-plus": {
+    "description": "Qwen3-Coder-Plus هو نموذج وكيل برمجي مُحسَّن خصيصًا من سلسلة Qwen، يدعم استدعاء أدوات أكثر تعقيدًا وجلسات طويلة الأمد."
+  },
+  "qwen/qwen3-max": {
+    "description": "Qwen3 Max هو النموذج المتقدم من سلسلة Qwen3، مناسب للاستدلال متعدد اللغات وتكامل الأدوات."
+  },
+  "qwen/qwen3-max-preview": {
+    "description": "Qwen3 Max (معاينة) هو إصدار Max من سلسلة Qwen، موجه للاستدلال المتقدم وتكامل الأدوات (نسخة تجريبية)."
+  },
+  "qwen/qwen3-vl-plus": {
+    "description": "Qwen3 VL-Plus هو الإصدار المعزز بصريًا من Qwen3، يعزز قدرات الاستدلال متعدد الوسائط ومعالجة الفيديو."
+  },
   "qwen2": {
     "description": "Qwen2 هو نموذج لغوي كبير من الجيل الجديد من Alibaba، يدعم أداءً ممتازًا لتلبية احتياجات التطبيقات المتنوعة."
   },
@@ -3260,9 +3395,6 @@
   "step-r1-v-mini": {
     "description": "هذا النموذج هو نموذج استدلال كبير يتمتع بقدرة قوية على فهم الصور، يمكنه معالجة المعلومات النصية والصورية، ويخرج نصوصًا بعد تفكير عميق. يظهر هذا النموذج أداءً بارزًا في مجال الاستدلال البصري، كما يمتلك قدرات رياضية، برمجية، ونصية من الدرجة الأولى. طول السياق هو 100k."
   },
-  "step3": {
-    "description": "Step3 هو نموذج متعدد الوسائط أطلقته Jiexue Xingchen، يتمتع بقدرات قوية في الفهم البصري."
-  },
   "stepfun-ai/step3": {
     "description": "Step3 هو نموذج استدلال متعدد الوسائط متقدم أصدرته شركة 阶跃星辰 (StepFun). بُني على بنية مزيج الخبراء (MoE) التي تضم 321 مليار معلمة إجمالية و38 مليار معلمة تنشيط. صُمم النموذج بنهج من الطرف إلى الطرف ليقلل تكلفة فك الترميز، مع تقديم أداء رائد في الاستدلال البصري-اللغوي. من خلال التصميم التعاوني لآلية انتباه تفكيك متعدد المصفوفات (MFA) وفصل الانتباه عن شبكة التغذية الأمامية (AFD)، يحافظ Step3 على كفاءة ممتازة على كل من المسرعات الرائدة والمسرعات منخفضة التكلفة. في مرحلة ما قبل التدريب عالج Step3 أكثر من 20 تريليون توكن نصي و4 تريليون توكن مختلط نص-صورة، مغطياً أكثر من عشر لغات. حقق النموذج أداءً متقدماً بين نماذج المصدر المفتوح في عدة معايير قياسية تشمل الرياضيات والبرمجة والمهام متعددة الوسائط."
   },
@@ -3344,6 +3476,9 @@
   "vercel/v0-1.5-md": {
     "description": "الوصول إلى النموذج خلف v0 لتوليد، إصلاح، وتحسين تطبيقات الويب الحديثة، مع استدلال مخصص للأطر المعينة ومعرفة حديثة."
   },
+  "volcengine/doubao-seed-code": {
+    "description": "Doubao-Seed-Code هو نموذج كبير من محرك Byte Volcano مُحسَّن لبرمجة الوكلاء (Agentic Programming)، ويؤدي أداءً ممتازًا في معايير متعددة للبرمجة والوكلاء، ويدعم سياقًا يصل إلى 256K."
+  },
   "wan2.2-t2i-flash": {
     "description": "نسخة Wanxiang 2.2 فائقة السرعة، أحدث نموذج حاليًا. تم تحسين الإبداع، الاستقرار، والواقعية بشكل شامل، مع سرعة توليد عالية وقيمة ممتازة مقابل التكلفة."
   },
@@ -3371,6 +3506,24 @@
   "wizardlm2:8x22b": {
     "description": "WizardLM 2 هو نموذج لغوي تقدمه Microsoft AI، يتميز بأداء ممتاز في الحوار المعقد، واللغات المتعددة، والاستدلال، والمساعدين الذكيين."
   },
+  "x-ai/grok-4": {
+    "description": "Grok 4 هو النموذج الرائد من xAI، يوفر قدرات استدلال قوية ودعمًا متعدد الوسائط."
+  },
+  "x-ai/grok-4-fast": {
+    "description": "Grok 4 Fast هو نموذج عالي الإنتاجية ومنخفض التكلفة من xAI (يدعم نافذة سياق 2M)، مناسب للسيناريوهات التي تتطلب تزامنًا عاليًا وسياقًا طويلًا."
+  },
+  "x-ai/grok-4-fast-non-reasoning": {
+    "description": "Grok 4 Fast (بدون استدلال) هو نموذج متعدد الوسائط عالي الإنتاجية ومنخفض التكلفة من xAI (يدعم نافذة سياق 2M)، موجه للسيناريوهات الحساسة للتأخير والتكلفة والتي لا تتطلب تفعيل الاستدلال داخل النموذج. يتوفر بجانب إصدار Grok 4 Fast مع الاستدلال، ويمكن تفعيل الاستدلال عند الحاجة عبر معامل reasoning enable في واجهة API. قد يتم استخدام المطالبات والإكمالات من قبل xAI أو OpenRouter لتحسين النماذج المستقبلية."
+  },
+  "x-ai/grok-4.1-fast": {
+    "description": "Grok 4.1 Fast هو نموذج عالي الإنتاجية ومنخفض التكلفة من xAI (يدعم نافذة سياق 2M)، مناسب للسيناريوهات التي تتطلب تزامنًا عاليًا وسياقًا طويلًا."
+  },
+  "x-ai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning": {
+    "description": "Grok 4.1 Fast (بدون استدلال) هو نموذج متعدد الوسائط عالي الإنتاجية ومنخفض التكلفة من xAI (يدعم نافذة سياق 2M)، موجه للسيناريوهات الحساسة للتأخير والتكلفة والتي لا تتطلب تفعيل الاستدلال داخل النموذج. يتوفر بجانب إصدار Grok 4.1 Fast مع الاستدلال، ويمكن تفعيل الاستدلال عند الحاجة عبر معامل reasoning enable في واجهة API. قد يتم استخدام المطالبات والإكمالات من قبل xAI أو OpenRouter لتحسين النماذج المستقبلية."
+  },
+  "x-ai/grok-code-fast-1": {
+    "description": "Grok Code Fast 1 هو نموذج سريع للبرمجة من xAI، ينتج أكواد قابلة للقراءة ومتوافقة مع متطلبات الهندسة."
+  },
   "x1": {
     "description": "سيتم ترقية نموذج Spark X1 بشكل أكبر، حيث ستحقق المهام العامة مثل الاستدلال، وتوليد النصوص، وفهم اللغة نتائج تتماشى مع OpenAI o1 و DeepSeek R1."
   },
@@ -3431,6 +3584,15 @@
   "yi-vision-v2": {
     "description": "نموذج مهام بصرية معقدة، يوفر فهمًا عالي الأداء وقدرات تحليلية بناءً على صور متعددة."
   },
+  "z-ai/glm-4.5": {
+    "description": "GLM 4.5 هو النموذج الرائد من Z.AI، يدعم أوضاع استدلال هجينة ومُحسَّن للمهام الهندسية وسياقات طويلة."
+  },
+  "z-ai/glm-4.5-air": {
+    "description": "GLM 4.5 Air هو النسخة الخفيفة من GLM 4.5، مناسب للسيناريوهات الحساسة للتكلفة مع الحفاظ على قدرات استدلال قوية."
+  },
+  "z-ai/glm-4.6": {
+    "description": "GLM 4.6 هو النموذج الرائد من Z.AI، يعزز طول السياق وقدرات الترميز."
+  },
   "zai-org/GLM-4.5": {
     "description": "GLM-4.5 هو نموذج أساسي مصمم لتطبيقات الوكلاء الذكية، يستخدم بنية Mixture-of-Experts (MoE). تم تحسينه بعمق في مجالات استدعاء الأدوات، تصفح الويب، هندسة البرمجيات، وبرمجة الواجهة الأمامية، ويدعم التكامل السلس مع وكلاء الكود مثل Claude Code وRoo Code. يستخدم وضع استدلال مختلط ليتكيف مع سيناريوهات الاستدلال المعقدة والاستخدام اليومي."
   },
@@ -3451,5 +3613,8 @@
   },
   "zai/glm-4.5v": {
     "description": "GLM-4.5V مبني على نموذج GLM-4.5-Air الأساسي، يرث التقنيات المثبتة من GLM-4.1V-Thinking، ويوسعها بفعالية من خلال بنية MoE القوية التي تضم 106 مليار معلمة."
+  },
+  "zenmux/auto": {
+    "description": "ميزة التوجيه التلقائي من ZenMux تختار تلقائيًا أفضل نموذج من حيث الأداء والتكلفة من بين النماذج المدعومة بناءً على محتوى طلبك."
   }
 }

locales/ar/plugin.json

@@ -1,4 +1,38 @@
 {
+  "builtins": {
+    "lobe-knowledge-base": {
+      "apiName": {
+        "readKnowledge": "قراءة محتوى قاعدة المعرفة",
+        "searchKnowledgeBase": "البحث في قاعدة المعرفة"
+      },
+      "title": "قاعدة المعرفة"
+    },
+    "lobe-local-system": {
+      "apiName": {
+        "editLocalFile": "تحرير الملف",
+        "getCommandOutput": "الحصول على مخرجات الكود",
+        "globLocalFiles": "البحث عن الملفات",
+        "grepContent": "البحث في المحتوى",
+        "killCommand": "إيقاف تنفيذ الكود",
+        "listLocalFiles": "عرض قائمة الملفات",
+        "moveLocalFiles": "نقل الملفات",
+        "readLocalFile": "قراءة محتوى الملف",
+        "renameLocalFile": "إعادة تسمية",
+        "runCommand": "تنفيذ الكود",
+        "searchLocalFiles": "البحث في الملفات",
+        "writeLocalFile": "كتابة إلى الملف"
+      },
+      "title": "النظام المحلي"
+    },
+    "lobe-web-browsing": {
+      "apiName": {
+        "crawlMultiPages": "قراءة محتوى عدة صفحات",
+        "crawlSinglePage": "قراءة محتوى الصفحة",
+        "search": "البحث في الصفحات"
+      },
+      "title": "البحث عبر الإنترنت"
+    }
+  },
   "confirm": "تأكيد",
   "debug": {
     "arguments": "معلمات الاستدعاء",
@@ -251,23 +285,6 @@
     "content": "جارٍ استدعاء الإضافة...",
     "plugin": "تشغيل الإضافة..."
   },
-  "localSystem": {
-    "apiName": {
-      "editLocalFile": "تحرير الملف",
-      "getCommandOutput": "الحصول على مخرجات الأوامر",
-      "globLocalFiles": "البحث عن الملفات المطابقة",
-      "grepContent": "البحث في المحتوى",
-      "killCommand": "إيقاف تنفيذ الأمر",
-      "listLocalFiles": "عرض قائمة الملفات",
-      "moveLocalFiles": "نقل الملفات",
-      "readLocalFile": "قراءة محتوى الملف",
-      "renameLocalFile": "إعادة تسمية",
-      "runCommand": "تشغيل الأمر",
-      "searchLocalFiles": "بحث في الملفات",
-      "writeLocalFile": "كتابة في الملف"
-    },
-    "title": "النظام المحلي"
-  },
   "mcpInstall": {
     "CHECKING_INSTALLATION": "جارٍ فحص بيئة التثبيت...",
     "COMPLETED": "اكتمل التثبيت",
@@ -375,11 +392,6 @@
     "warning": "⚠️ يرجى التأكد من ثقتك بمصدر هذه الإضافة، الإضافات الخبيثة قد تضر بأمان نظامك."
   },
   "search": {
-    "apiName": {
-      "crawlMultiPages": "قراءة محتوى عدة صفحات",
-      "crawlSinglePage": "قراءة محتوى الصفحة",
-      "search": "البحث في الصفحة"
-    },
     "config": {
       "addKey": "إضافة مفتاح",
       "close": "حذف",

locales/ar/providers.json

@@ -191,6 +191,9 @@
   "xinference": {
     "description": "Xorbits Inference (Xinference) هو منصة مفتوحة المصدر مصممة لتبسيط تشغيل ودمج نماذج الذكاء الاصطناعي المتنوعة. باستخدام Xinference، يمكنك تشغيل الاستدلال على نماذج LLM مفتوحة المصدر، ونماذج التضمين، والنماذج متعددة الوسائط سواء في السحابة أو في البيئات المحلية، وإنشاء تطبيقات ذكاء اصطناعي قوية."
   },
+  "zenmux": {
+    "description": "ZenMux هو منصة موحدة لتجميع خدمات الذكاء الاصطناعي، تدعم العديد من واجهات خدمات الذكاء الاصطناعي الرائدة مثل OpenAI وAnthropic وGoogle VertexAI. توفر قدرة توجيه مرنة تتيح لك التبديل وإدارة نماذج الذكاء الاصطناعي المختلفة بسهولة."
+  },
   "zeroone": {
     "description": "01.AI تركز على تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في عصر الذكاء الاصطناعي 2.0، وتعزز الابتكار والتطبيقات \"الإنسان + الذكاء الاصطناعي\"، باستخدام نماذج قوية وتقنيات ذكاء اصطناعي متقدمة لتعزيز إنتاجية البشر وتحقيق تمكين التكنولوجيا."
   },