🔖 chore(release): v1.143.1 [skip ci]

### [Version 1.143.1](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v1.143.0...v1.143.1) <sup>Released on **2025-12-02**</sup> #### 🐛 Bug Fixes - **misc**: Deepseek interleaved thinking. <br/> <details> <summary><kbd>Improvements and Fixes</kbd></summary> #### What's fixed * **misc**: Deepseek interleaved thinking, closes [#10550](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10550) ([73f3066](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/73f3066)) </details> <div align="right"> [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-BACK_TO_TOP-151515?style=flat-square)](#readme-top) </div>
🐛 fix: deepseek interleaved thinking (#10550 )
2026-06-14 19:50:09 +00:00 · 2025-12-02 07:31:05 +00:00 · 2025-12-02 15:19:31 +08:00 · 2025-12-01 03:01:34 +00:00 · 2025-12-01 03:00:20 +00:00 · 2025-12-01 09:57:10 +08:00
90 changed files with 725 additions and 357 deletions
@@ -13,6 +13,17 @@
 # Default is '0' (enabled)
 # ENABLED_CSP=1

+# SSRF Protection Settings
+# Set to '1' to allow connections to private IP addresses (disable SSRF protection)
+# WARNING: Only enable this in trusted environments
+# Default is '0' (SSRF protection enabled)
+# SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS=0
+
+# Whitelist of allowed private IP addresses (comma-separated)
+# Only takes effect when SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS is '0'
+# Example: Allow specific internal servers while keeping SSRF protection
+# SSRF_ALLOW_IP_ADDRESS_LIST=192.168.1.100,10.0.0.50
+
 ########################################
 ########## AI Provider Service #########
 ########################################
@@ -2,6 +2,81 @@

 # Changelog

+### [Version 1.143.1](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v1.143.0...v1.143.1)
+
+<sup>Released on **2025-12-02**</sup>
+
+#### 🐛 Bug Fixes
+
+- **misc**: Deepseek interleaved thinking.
+
+<br/>
+
+<details>
+<summary><kbd>Improvements and Fixes</kbd></summary>
+
+#### What's fixed
+
+- **misc**: Deepseek interleaved thinking, closes [#10550](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10550) ([73f3066](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/73f3066))
+
+</details>
+
+<div align="right">
+
+[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-BACK_TO_TOP-151515?style=flat-square)](#readme-top)
+
+</div>
+
+## [Version 1.143.0](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v1.142.9...v1.143.0)
+
+<sup>Released on **2025-12-01**</sup>
+
+#### ✨ Features
+
+- **misc**: Support DeepSeek Interleaved thinking.
+
+<br/>
+
+<details>
+<summary><kbd>Improvements and Fixes</kbd></summary>
+
+#### What's improved
+
+- **misc**: Support DeepSeek Interleaved thinking, closes [#10478](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10478) [#10219](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10219) [#10152](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10152) ([aee5d71](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/aee5d71))
+
+</details>
+
+<div align="right">
+
+[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-BACK_TO_TOP-151515?style=flat-square)](#readme-top)
+
+</div>
+
+### [Version 1.142.9](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v1.142.8...v1.142.9)
+
+<sup>Released on **2025-11-02**</sup>
+
+#### 🐛 Bug Fixes
+
+- **misc**: OIDC error when connecting to self-host instance.
+
+<br/>
+
+<details>
+<summary><kbd>Improvements and Fixes</kbd></summary>
+
+#### What's fixed
+
+- **misc**: OIDC error when connecting to self-host instance, closes [#9916](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/9916) ([2e2b9c4](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/2e2b9c4))
+
+</details>
+
+<div align="right">
+
+[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-BACK_TO_TOP-151515?style=flat-square)](#readme-top)
+
+</div>
+
 ### [Version 1.142.8](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v1.142.7...v1.142.8)

 <sup>Released on **2025-10-30**</sup>
@@ -381,14 +381,14 @@ In addition, these plugins are not limited to news aggregation, but can also ext

 <!-- PLUGIN LIST -->

-| Recent Submits                                                                                                               | Description                                                                                                                               |
-| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| [Shopping tools](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/ShoppingTools)<br/><sup>By **shoppingtools** on **2025-10-27**</sup>   | Search for products on eBay & AliExpress, find eBay events & coupons. Get prompt examples.<br/>`shopping` `e-bay` `ali-express` `coupons` |
-| [PortfolioMeta](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/StockData)<br/><sup>By **portfoliometa** on **2025-09-27**</sup>        | Analyze stocks and get comprehensive real-time investment data and analytics.<br/>`stock`                                                 |
-| [Web](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/web)<br/><sup>By **Proghit** on **2025-01-24**</sup>                              | Smart web search that reads and analyzes pages to deliver comprehensive answers from Google results.<br/>`web` `search`                   |
-| [Bing_websearch](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/Bingsearch-identifier)<br/><sup>By **FineHow** on **2024-12-22**</sup> | Search for information from the internet base BingApi<br/>`bingsearch`                                                                    |
+| Recent Submits                                                                                                             | Description                                                                                                                               |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [PortfolioMeta](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/StockData)<br/><sup>By **portfoliometa** on **2025-11-28**</sup>      | Analyze stocks and get comprehensive real-time investment data and analytics.<br/>`stock`                                                 |
+| [SEO](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/SEO)<br/><sup>By **orrenprunckun** on **2025-11-14**</sup>                      | Enter any URL and keyword and get an On-Page SEO analysis & insights!<br/>`seo`                                                           |
+| [Shopping tools](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/ShoppingTools)<br/><sup>By **shoppingtools** on **2025-10-27**</sup> | Search for products on eBay & AliExpress, find eBay events & coupons. Get prompt examples.<br/>`shopping` `e-bay` `ali-express` `coupons` |
+| [Web](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/web)<br/><sup>By **Proghit** on **2025-01-24**</sup>                            | Smart web search that reads and analyzes pages to deliver comprehensive answers from Google results.<br/>`web` `search`                   |

-> 📊 Total plugins: [<kbd>**42**</kbd>](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugins)
+> 📊 Total plugins: [<kbd>**41**</kbd>](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugins)

 <!-- PLUGIN LIST -->

@@ -374,14 +374,14 @@ LobeChat 的插件生态系统是其核心功能的重要扩展，它极大地

 <!-- PLUGIN LIST -->

-| 最近新增                                                                                                                   | 描述                                                                                                               |
-| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| [购物工具](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/ShoppingTools)<br/><sup>By **shoppingtools** on **2025-10-27**</sup>       | 在 eBay 和 AliExpress 上搜索产品，查找 eBay 活动和优惠券。获取快速示例。<br/>`购物` `e-bay` `ali-express` `优惠券` |
-| [PortfolioMeta](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/StockData)<br/><sup>By **portfoliometa** on **2025-09-27**</sup>      | 分析股票并获取全面的实时投资数据和分析。<br/>`股票`                                                                |
-| [网页](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/web)<br/><sup>By **Proghit** on **2025-01-24**</sup>                           | 智能网页搜索，读取和分析页面，以提供来自 Google 结果的全面答案。<br/>`网页` `搜索`                                 |
-| [必应网页搜索](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/Bingsearch-identifier)<br/><sup>By **FineHow** on **2024-12-22**</sup> | 通过 BingApi 搜索互联网上的信息<br/>`bingsearch`                                                                   |
+| 最近新增                                                                                                              | 描述                                                                                                               |
+| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| [PortfolioMeta](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/StockData)<br/><sup>By **portfoliometa** on **2025-11-28**</sup> | 分析股票并获取全面的实时投资数据和分析。<br/>`股票`                                                                |
+| [SEO](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/SEO)<br/><sup>By **orrenprunckun** on **2025-11-14**</sup>                 | 输入任何 URL 和关键词，获取页面 SEO 分析和见解！<br/>`seo`                                                         |
+| [购物工具](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/ShoppingTools)<br/><sup>By **shoppingtools** on **2025-10-27**</sup>  | 在 eBay 和 AliExpress 上搜索产品，查找 eBay 活动和优惠券。获取快速示例。<br/>`购物` `e-bay` `ali-express` `优惠券` |
+| [网页](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugin/web)<br/><sup>By **Proghit** on **2025-01-24**</sup>                      | 智能网页搜索，读取和分析页面，以提供来自 Google 结果的全面答案。<br/>`网页` `搜索`                                 |

-> 📊 Total plugins: [<kbd>**42**</kbd>](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugins)
+> 📊 Total plugins: [<kbd>**41**</kbd>](https://lobechat.com/discover/plugins)

 <!-- PLUGIN LIST -->

@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
 [
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "features": ["Support DeepSeek Interleaved thinking."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-12-01",
+    "version": "1.143.0"
+  },
+  {
+    "children": {
+      "fixes": ["OIDC error when connecting to self-host instance."]
+    },
+    "date": "2025-11-02",
+    "version": "1.142.9"
+  },
  {
    "children": {},
    "date": "2025-10-30",
@@ -127,16 +127,62 @@ For specific content, please refer to the [Feature Flags](/docs/self-hosting/adv
 ### `SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS`

 - Type: Optional
- Description: Allow to connect private IP address. In a trusted environment, it can be set to true to turn off SSRF protection.
+- Description: Controls whether to allow connections to private IP addresses. Set to `1` to disable SSRF protection and allow all private IP addresses. In a trusted environment (e.g., internal network), this can be enabled to allow access to internal resources.
 - Default: `0`
 - Example: `1` or `0`

+<Callout type="warning">
+  **Security Notice**: Enabling this option will disable SSRF protection and allow connections to private
+  IP addresses (127.0.0.0/8, 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, etc.). Only enable this in
+  trusted environments where you need to access internal network resources.
+</Callout>
+
+**Use Cases**:
+
+LobeChat performs SSRF security checks in the following scenarios:
+
+1. **Image/Video URL to Base64 Conversion**: When processing media messages (e.g., vision models, multimodal models), LobeChat converts image and video URLs to base64 format. This check prevents malicious users from accessing internal network resources.
+
+   Examples:
+
+   - Image: A user sends an image message with URL `http://192.168.1.100/admin/secrets.png`
+   - Video: A user sends a video message with URL `http://10.0.0.50/internal/meeting.mp4`
+
+   Without SSRF protection, these requests could expose internal network resources.
+
+2. **Web Crawler**: When using web crawling features to fetch external content.
+
+3. **Proxy Requests**: When proxying external API requests.
+
+**Configuration Examples**:
+
+```bash
+# Scenario 1: Public deployment (recommended)
+# Block all private IP addresses for security
+SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS=0
+
+# Scenario 2: Internal deployment
+# Allow all private IP addresses to access internal image servers
+SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS=1
+
+# Scenario 3: Hybrid deployment (most common)
+# Block private IPs by default, but allow specific trusted internal servers
+SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS=0
+SSRF_ALLOW_IP_ADDRESS_LIST=192.168.1.100,10.0.0.50
+```
+
 ### `SSRF_ALLOW_IP_ADDRESS_LIST`

 - Type: Optional
- Description: Allow private IP address list, multiple IP addresses are separated by commas. Only when `SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS` is `0`, it takes effect.
+- Description: Whitelist of allowed IP addresses, separated by commas. Only takes effect when `SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS` is `0`. Use this to allow specific internal IP addresses while keeping SSRF protection enabled for other private IPs.
 - Default: -
- Example: `198.18.1.62,224.0.0.3`
+- Example: `192.168.1.100,10.0.0.50,172.16.0.10`
+
+**Common Use Cases**:
+
+- Allow access to internal image storage server: `192.168.1.100`
+- Allow access to internal API gateway: `10.0.0.50`
+- Allow access to internal documentation server: `172.16.0.10`

 ### `ENABLE_AUTH_PROTECTION`

@@ -123,16 +123,61 @@ LobeChat 在部署时提供了一些额外的配置项，你可以使用环境
 ### `SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS`

 - 类型：可选
- 描述：是否允许连接私有 IP 地址。在可信环境中可以设置为 true 来关闭 SSRF 防护。
+- 描述：控制是否允许连接私有 IP 地址。设置为 `1` 时将关闭 SSRF 防护并允许所有私有 IP 地址。在可信环境（如内网部署）中，可以启用此选项以访问内部资源。
 - 默认值：`0`
- 示例：`1` or `0`
+- 示例：`1` 或 `0`
+
+<Callout type="warning">
+  **安全提示**：启用此选项将关闭 SSRF 防护，允许连接私有 IP 地址段（127.0.0.0/8、10.0.0.0/8、172.16.0.0/12、192.168.0.0/16
+  等）。仅在需要访问内网资源的可信环境中启用。
+</Callout>
+
+**应用场景**：
+
+LobeChat 会在以下场景执行 SSRF 安全检查：
+
+1. **图片 / 视频 URL 转 Base64**：在处理媒体消息时（例如视觉模型、多模态模型），LobeChat 会将图片和视频 URL 转换为 base64 格式。此检查可防止恶意用户通过媒体 URL 访问内网资源。
+
+   举例：
+
+   - 图片：用户发送图片消息，URL 为 `http://192.168.1.100/admin/secrets.png`
+   - 视频：用户发送视频消息，URL 为 `http://10.0.0.50/internal/meeting.mp4`
+
+   若无 SSRF 防护，这些请求可能导致内网资源泄露。
+
+2. **网页爬取**：使用网页爬取功能获取外部内容时。
+
+3. **代理请求**：代理外部 API 请求时。
+
+**配置示例**：
+
+```bash
+# 场景 1：公网部署（推荐）
+# 阻止所有私有 IP 访问，保证安全
+SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS=0
+
+# 场景 2：内网部署
+# 允许所有私有 IP，可访问内网图片服务器等资源
+SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS=1
+
+# 场景 3：混合部署（最常见）
+# 默认阻止私有 IP，但允许特定可信的内网服务器
+SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS=0
+SSRF_ALLOW_IP_ADDRESS_LIST=192.168.1.100,10.0.0.50
+```

 ### `SSRF_ALLOW_IP_ADDRESS_LIST`

 - 类型：可选
- 说明：允许的私有 IP 地址列表，多个 IP 地址用逗号分隔。仅在 `SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS` 为 `0` 时生效。
+- 描述：允许访问的 IP 地址白名单，多个 IP 地址用逗号分隔。仅在 `SSRF_ALLOW_PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS` 为 `0` 时生效。使用此选项可以在保持 SSRF 防护的同时，允许访问特定的内网 IP 地址。
 - 默认值：-
- 示例：`198.18.1.62,224.0.0.3`
+- 示例：`192.168.1.100,10.0.0.50,172.16.0.10`
+
+**常见使用场景**：
+
+- 允许访问内网图片存储服务器：`192.168.1.100`
+- 允许访问内网 API 网关：`10.0.0.50`
+- 允许访问内网文档服务器：`172.16.0.10`

 ### `ENABLE_AUTH_PROTECTION`

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ tags:

 # Using ComfyUI in LobeChat

-<Image alt={'Using ComfyUI in LobeChat'} cover src={'https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/assets/17870709/c9e5eafc-ca22-496b-a88d-cc0ae53bf720'} />
+<Image alt={'Using ComfyUI in LobeChat'} cover src={'https://hub-apac-1.lobeobjects.space/docs/e9b811f248a1db2bd1be1af888cf9b9d.png'} />

 This documentation will guide you on how to use [ComfyUI](https://github.com/comfyanonymous/ComfyUI) in LobeChat for high-quality AI image generation and editing.

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ tags:

 # 在 LobeChat 中使用 ComfyUI

-<Image alt={'在 LobeChat 中使用 ComfyUI'} cover src={'https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/assets/17870709/c9e5eafc-ca22-496b-a88d-cc0ae53bf720'} />
+<Image alt={'在 LobeChat 中使用 ComfyUI'} cover src={'https://hub-apac-1.lobeobjects.space/docs/e9b811f248a1db2bd1be1af888cf9b9d.png'} />

 本文档将指导你如何在 LobeChat 中使用 [ComfyUI](https://github.com/comfyanonymous/ComfyUI) 进行高质量的 AI 图像生成和编辑。

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@lobehub/chat",
-  "version": "1.142.8",
+  "version": "1.143.1",
  "description": "Lobe Chat - an open-source, high-performance chatbot framework that supports speech synthesis, multimodal, and extensible Function Call plugin system. Supports one-click free deployment of your private ChatGPT/LLM web application.",
  "keywords": [
    "framework",
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
    "@lobechat/database": "workspace:*",
    "@lobechat/electron-client-ipc": "workspace:*",
    "@lobechat/electron-server-ipc": "workspace:*",
+    "@lobechat/fetch-sse": "workspace:*",
    "@lobechat/file-loaders": "workspace:*",
    "@lobechat/model-runtime": "workspace:*",
    "@lobechat/observability-otel": "workspace:*",
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ export class MessageCleanupProcessor extends BaseProcessor {
          content: message.content,
          role: message.role,
          ...(message.tool_calls && { tool_calls: message.tool_calls }),
+          ...(message.reasoning && { reasoning: message.reasoning }),
        };
      }

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "name": "@lobechat/fetch-sse",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "description": "SSE fetch utilities with streaming support",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "types": "./src/index.ts",
+      "default": "./src/index.ts"
+    },
+    "./parseError": {
+      "types": "./src/parseError.ts",
+      "default": "./src/parseError.ts"
+    }
+  },
+  "main": "./src/index.ts",
+  "types": "./src/index.ts",
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "vitest",
+    "test:coverage": "vitest --coverage --silent='passed-only'"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@lobechat/const": "workspace:*",
+    "@lobechat/model-runtime": "workspace:*",
+    "@lobechat/types": "workspace:*",
+    "@lobechat/utils": "workspace:*",
+    "i18next": "^24.2.1"
+  }
+}
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { MESSAGE_CANCEL_FLAT } from '@lobechat/const';
 import { ChatMessageError } from '@lobechat/types';
+import { FetchEventSourceInit } from '@lobechat/utils/client/fetchEventSource/index';
+import { fetchEventSource } from '@lobechat/utils/client/fetchEventSource/index';
+import { sleep } from '@lobechat/utils/sleep';
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

-import { FetchEventSourceInit } from '../../client/fetchEventSource';
-import { fetchEventSource } from '../../client/fetchEventSource';
-import { sleep } from '../../sleep';
 import { fetchSSE } from '../fetchSSE';

 // 模拟 i18next
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ vi.mock('i18next', () => ({
  t: vi.fn((key) => `translated_${key}`),
 }));

-vi.mock('../../client/fetchEventSource', () => ({
+vi.mock('@lobechat/utils/client/fetchEventSource/index', () => ({
  fetchEventSource: vi.fn(),
 }));

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import { ErrorResponse } from '@lobechat/types';
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { getMessageError } from '../parseError';

-// 模拟 i18next
+// Mock i18next
 vi.mock('i18next', () => ({
  t: vi.fn((key) => `translated_${key}`),
 }));

-// 模拟 Response
+// Mock Response
 const createMockResponse = (body: any, ok: boolean, status: number = 200) => ({
  ok,
  status,
@@ -38,11 +38,14 @@ const createMockResponse = (body: any, ok: boolean, status: number = 200) => ({
  },
 });

-// 在每次测试后清理所有模拟
 afterEach(() => {
  vi.restoreAllMocks();
 });

+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+});
+
 describe('getMessageError', () => {
  it('should handle business error correctly', async () => {
    const mockErrorResponse: ErrorResponse = {
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ import {
  ResponseAnimation,
  ResponseAnimationStyle,
 } from '@lobechat/types';
+import { fetchEventSource } from '@lobechat/utils/client/fetchEventSource/index';
+import { nanoid } from '@lobechat/utils/uuid';

-import { fetchEventSource } from '../client/fetchEventSource';
-import { nanoid } from '../uuid';
 import { getMessageError } from './parseError';

 type SSEFinishType = 'done' | 'error' | 'abort';
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { ChatMessageError, ErrorResponse, ErrorType } from '@lobechat/types';
 import { t } from 'i18next';

-export const getMessageError = async (response: Response) => {
+export const getMessageError = async (response: Response): Promise<ChatMessageError> => {
  let chatMessageError: ChatMessageError;

  // try to get the biz error
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ export const getMessageError = async (response: Response) => {
    const data = (await response.json()) as ErrorResponse;
    chatMessageError = {
      body: data.body,
-      message: t(`response.${data.errorType}` as any, { ns: 'error' }),
+      message: t(`response.${data.errorType}`, { ns: 'error' }),
      type: data.errorType,
    };
  } catch {
    // if not return, then it's a common error
    chatMessageError = {
-      message: t(`response.${response.status}` as any, { ns: 'error' }),
+      message: t(`response.${response.status}`, { ns: 'error' }),
      type: response.status as ErrorType,
    };
  }
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import { OpenAI } from 'openai';
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { OpenAIChatMessage, UserMessageContentPart } from '../../types/chat';
-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';
 import {
  buildAnthropicBlock,
@@ -12,16 +12,22 @@ import {
 } from './anthropic';

 // Mock the parseDataUri function since it's an implementation detail
-vi.mock('../../utils/uriParser', () => ({
-  parseDataUri: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
-    mimeType: 'image/jpeg',
-    base64: 'base64EncodedString',
-    type: 'base64',
-  }),
+vi.mock('../../utils/uriParser');
+vi.mock('@lobechat/utils', () => ({
+  imageUrlToBase64: vi.fn(),
 }));
-vi.mock('../../utils/imageToBase64');

 describe('anthropicHelpers', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetAllMocks();
+    // Set default mock implementation for parseDataUri
+    vi.mocked(parseDataUri).mockReturnValue({
+      mimeType: 'image/jpeg',
+      base64: 'base64EncodedString',
+      type: 'base64',
+    });
+  });
+
  describe('buildAnthropicBlock', () => {
    it('should return the content as is for text type', async () => {
      const content: UserMessageContentPart = { type: 'text', text: 'Hello!' };
@@ -52,7 +58,7 @@ describe('anthropicHelpers', () => {
        base64: null,
        type: 'url',
      });
-      vi.mocked(imageUrlToBase64).mockResolvedValue({
+      vi.mocked(imageUrlToBase64).mockResolvedValueOnce({
        base64: 'convertedBase64String',
        mimeType: 'image/jpg',
      });
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ describe('anthropicHelpers', () => {
        base64: null,
        type: 'url',
      });
-      vi.mocked(imageUrlToBase64).mockResolvedValue({
+      vi.mocked(imageUrlToBase64).mockResolvedValueOnce({
        base64: 'convertedBase64String',
        mimeType: 'image/png',
      });
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import Anthropic from '@anthropic-ai/sdk';
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import OpenAI from 'openai';

 import { OpenAIChatMessage, UserMessageContentPart } from '../../types';
-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';

 export const buildAnthropicBlock = async (
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
 import { Type as SchemaType } from '@google/genai';
+import * as imageToBase64Module from '@lobechat/utils';
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { ChatCompletionTool, OpenAIChatMessage, UserMessageContentPart } from '../../types';
-import * as imageToBase64Module from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';
 import {
  buildGoogleMessage,
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import {
  Part,
  Type as SchemaType,
 } from '@google/genai';
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';

 import { ChatCompletionTool, OpenAIChatMessage, UserMessageContentPart } from '../../types';
-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { safeParseJSON } from '../../utils/safeParseJSON';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';

@@ -64,12 +64,9 @@ export const buildGooglePart = async (
      }

      if (type === 'url') {
-        // For video URLs, we need to fetch and convert to base64
+        // Use imageUrlToBase64 for SSRF protection (works for any binary data including videos)
        // Note: This might need size/duration limits for practical use
-        const response = await fetch(content.video_url.url);
-        const arrayBuffer = await response.arrayBuffer();
-        const base64 = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer).toString('base64');
-        const mimeType = response.headers.get('content-type') || 'video/mp4';
+        const { base64, mimeType } = await imageUrlToBase64(content.video_url.url);

        return {
          inlineData: { data: base64, mimeType },
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import OpenAI from 'openai';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
+import { OpenAIChatMessage } from '../../types';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';
 import {
  convertImageUrlToFile,
@@ -11,7 +12,9 @@ import {
 } from './openai';

 // 模拟依赖
-vi.mock('../../utils/imageToBase64');
+vi.mock('@lobechat/utils', () => ({
+  imageUrlToBase64: vi.fn(),
+}));
 vi.mock('../../utils/uriParser');

 describe('convertMessageContent', () => {
@@ -147,11 +150,71 @@ describe('convertOpenAIMessages', () => {

    expect(Promise.all).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2); // 一次用于消息数组，一次用于内容数组
  });
+
+  it('should filter out reasoning field from messages', async () => {
+    const messages = [
+      {
+        role: 'assistant',
+        content: 'Hello',
+        reasoning: { content: 'some reasoning', duration: 100 },
+      },
+      { role: 'user', content: 'Hi' },
+    ] as any;
+
+    const result = await convertOpenAIMessages(messages);
+
+    expect(result).toEqual([
+      { role: 'assistant', content: 'Hello' },
+      { role: 'user', content: 'Hi' },
+    ]);
+    // Ensure reasoning field is removed
+    expect((result[0] as any).reasoning).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('should preserve reasoning_content field from messages (for DeepSeek compatibility)', async () => {
+    const messages = [
+      {
+        role: 'assistant',
+        content: 'Hello',
+        reasoning_content: 'some reasoning content',
+      },
+      { role: 'user', content: 'Hi' },
+    ] as any;
+
+    const result = await convertOpenAIMessages(messages);
+
+    expect(result).toEqual([
+      { role: 'assistant', content: 'Hello', reasoning_content: 'some reasoning content' },
+      { role: 'user', content: 'Hi' },
+    ]);
+    // Ensure reasoning_content field is preserved
+    expect((result[0] as any).reasoning_content).toBe('some reasoning content');
+  });
+
+  it('should filter out reasoning but preserve reasoning_content field', async () => {
+    const messages = [
+      {
+        role: 'assistant',
+        content: 'Hello',
+        reasoning: { content: 'some reasoning', duration: 100 },
+        reasoning_content: 'some reasoning content',
+      },
+    ] as any;
+
+    const result = await convertOpenAIMessages(messages);
+
+    expect(result).toEqual([
+      { role: 'assistant', content: 'Hello', reasoning_content: 'some reasoning content' },
+    ]);
+    // Ensure reasoning object is removed but reasoning_content is preserved
+    expect((result[0] as any).reasoning).toBeUndefined();
+    expect((result[0] as any).reasoning_content).toBe('some reasoning content');
+  });
 });

 describe('convertOpenAIResponseInputs', () => {
  it('应该正确转换普通文本消息', async () => {
-    const messages: OpenAI.ChatCompletionMessageParam[] = [
+    const messages: OpenAIChatMessage[] = [
      { role: 'user', content: 'Hello' },
      { role: 'assistant', content: 'Hi there!' },
    ];
@@ -165,7 +228,7 @@ describe('convertOpenAIResponseInputs', () => {
  });

  it('应该正确转换带有工具调用的消息', async () => {
-    const messages: OpenAI.ChatCompletionMessageParam[] = [
+    const messages: OpenAIChatMessage[] = [
      {
        role: 'assistant',
        content: '',
@@ -195,7 +258,7 @@ describe('convertOpenAIResponseInputs', () => {
  });

  it('应该正确转换工具响应消息', async () => {
-    const messages: OpenAI.ChatCompletionMessageParam[] = [
+    const messages: OpenAIChatMessage[] = [
      {
        role: 'tool',
        content: 'Function result',
@@ -215,7 +278,7 @@ describe('convertOpenAIResponseInputs', () => {
  });

  it('应该正确转换包含图片的消息', async () => {
-    const messages: OpenAI.ChatCompletionMessageParam[] = [
+    const messages: OpenAIChatMessage[] = [
      {
        role: 'user',
        content: [
@@ -247,7 +310,7 @@ describe('convertOpenAIResponseInputs', () => {
  });

  it('应该正确处理混合类型的消息序列', async () => {
-    const messages: OpenAI.ChatCompletionMessageParam[] = [
+    const messages: OpenAIChatMessage[] = [
      { role: 'user', content: 'I need help with a function' },
      {
        role: 'assistant',
@@ -287,6 +350,29 @@ describe('convertOpenAIResponseInputs', () => {
      },
    ]);
  });
+
+  it('should extract reasoning.content into a separate reasoning item', async () => {
+    const messages: OpenAIChatMessage[] = [
+      { content: 'system prompts', role: 'system' },
+      { content: '你好', role: 'user' },
+      {
+        content: 'hello',
+        role: 'assistant',
+        reasoning: { content: 'reasoning content', duration: 2706 },
+      },
+      { content: '杭州天气如何', role: 'user' },
+    ];
+
+    const result = await convertOpenAIResponseInputs(messages);
+
+    expect(result).toEqual([
+      { content: 'system prompts', role: 'developer' },
+      { content: '你好', role: 'user' },
+      { summary: [{ text: 'reasoning content', type: 'summary_text' }], type: 'reasoning' },
+      { content: 'hello', role: 'assistant' },
+      { content: '杭州天气如何', role: 'user' },
+    ]);
+  });
 });

 describe('convertImageUrlToFile', () => {
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import OpenAI, { toFile } from 'openai';

 import { disableStreamModels, systemToUserModels } from '../../const/models';
 import { ChatStreamPayload, OpenAIChatMessage } from '../../types';
-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';

 export const convertMessageContent = async (
@@ -26,26 +26,49 @@ export const convertMessageContent = async (

 export const convertOpenAIMessages = async (messages: OpenAI.ChatCompletionMessageParam[]) => {
  return (await Promise.all(
-    messages.map(async (message) => ({
-      ...message,
-      content:
-        typeof message.content === 'string'
-          ? message.content
-          : await Promise.all(
-              (message.content || []).map((c) =>
-                convertMessageContent(c as OpenAI.ChatCompletionContentPart),
+    messages.map(async (message) => {
+      const msg = message as any;
+
+      // Explicitly map only valid ChatCompletionMessageParam fields
+      // Exclude reasoning and reasoning_content fields as they should not be sent in requests
+      const result: any = {
+        content:
+          typeof message.content === 'string'
+            ? message.content
+            : await Promise.all(
+                (message.content || []).map((c) =>
+                  convertMessageContent(c as OpenAI.ChatCompletionContentPart),
+                ),
              ),
-            ),
-    })),
+        role: msg.role,
+      };
+
+      // Add optional fields if they exist
+      if (msg.name !== undefined) result.name = msg.name;
+      if (msg.tool_calls !== undefined) result.tool_calls = msg.tool_calls;
+      if (msg.tool_call_id !== undefined) result.tool_call_id = msg.tool_call_id;
+      if (msg.function_call !== undefined) result.function_call = msg.function_call;
+
+      // it's compatible for DeepSeek
+      if (msg.reasoning_content !== undefined) result.reasoning_content = msg.reasoning_content;
+
+      return result;
+    }),
  )) as OpenAI.ChatCompletionMessageParam[];
 };

-export const convertOpenAIResponseInputs = async (
-  messages: OpenAI.ChatCompletionMessageParam[],
-) => {
+export const convertOpenAIResponseInputs = async (messages: OpenAIChatMessage[]) => {
  let input: OpenAI.Responses.ResponseInputItem[] = [];
  await Promise.all(
    messages.map(async (message) => {
+      // if message has reasoning, add it as a separate reasoning item
+      if (message.reasoning?.content) {
+        input.push({
+          summary: [{ text: message.reasoning.content, type: 'summary_text' }],
+          type: 'reasoning',
+        } as OpenAI.Responses.ResponseReasoningItem);
+      }
+
      // if message is assistant messages with tool calls , transform it to function type item
      if (message.role === 'assistant' && message.tool_calls && message.tool_calls?.length > 0) {
        message.tool_calls?.forEach((tool) => {
@@ -70,6 +93,11 @@ export const convertOpenAIResponseInputs = async (
        return;
      }

+      if (message.role === 'system') {
+        input.push({ ...message, role: 'developer' } as OpenAI.Responses.ResponseInputItem);
+        return;
+      }
+
      // default item
      // also need handle image
      const item = {
@@ -92,6 +120,9 @@ export const convertOpenAIResponseInputs = async (
              ),
      } as OpenAI.Responses.ResponseInputItem;

+      // remove reasoning field from the message item
+      delete (item as any).reasoning;
+
      input.push(item);
    }),
  );
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
+import * as imageToBase64Module from '@lobechat/utils';
 import OpenAI from 'openai';
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { CreateImagePayload } from '../../types/image';
-import * as imageToBase64Module from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import * as uriParserModule from '../../utils/uriParser';
 import { createOpenAICompatibleImage } from './createImage';

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import { cleanObject } from '@lobechat/utils/object';
 import createDebug from 'debug';
 import { RuntimeImageGenParamsValue } from 'model-bank';
@@ -5,7 +6,6 @@ import OpenAI from 'openai';

 import { CreateImagePayload, CreateImageResponse } from '../../types/image';
 import { getModelPricing } from '../../utils/getModelPricing';
-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';
 import { convertImageUrlToFile } from '../contextBuilders/openai';
 import { convertOpenAIImageUsage } from '../usageConverters/openai';
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import {
-  AgentRuntimeErrorType,
-  ChatStreamCallbacks,
-  ChatStreamPayload,
-  LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime,
-} from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import OpenAI from 'openai';
 import type { Stream } from 'openai/streaming';
 import { Mock, afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
+import { ChatStreamCallbacks, ChatStreamPayload } from '../../types/chat';
+import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '../../types/error';
 import * as debugStreamModule from '../../utils/debugStream';
 import * as openaiHelpers from '../contextBuilders/openai';
 import { createOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from './index';
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '../../../types/error';
 import { FIRST_CHUNK_ERROR_KEY } from '../protocol';
 import { createReadableStream, readStreamChunk } from '../utils';
 import { OpenAIResponsesStream } from './responsesStream';
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-import { ChatMethodOptions } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import debug from 'debug';

+import { ChatMethodOptions } from '../types/chat';
+
 const log = debug('model-runtime:helpers:mergeChatMethodOptions');

 export const mergeMultipleChatMethodOptions = (options: ChatMethodOptions[]): ChatMethodOptions => {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @vitest-environment edge-runtime
+// @vitest-environment node
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @vitest-environment edge-runtime
+// @vitest-environment node
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { createAnthropicGenerateObject } from './generateObject';
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { ChatCompletionTool, ChatStreamPayload } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { Mock, afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import * as anthropicHelpers from '../../core/contextBuilders/anthropic';
+import { ChatCompletionTool, ChatStreamPayload } from '../../types/chat';
 import * as debugStreamModule from '../../utils/debugStream';
 import { LobeAnthropicAI } from './index';

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { Mock, afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeBaichuanAI, params } from './index';

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ import {
  InvokeModelCommand,
  InvokeModelWithResponseStreamCommand,
 } from '@aws-sdk/client-bedrock-runtime';
-import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { Mock, afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '../../types/error';
 import * as debugStreamModule from '../../utils/debugStream';
 import { LobeBedrockAI, experimental_buildLlama2Prompt } from './index';

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { createBflImage } from './createImage';
 import { BflStatusResponse } from './types';

 // Mock external dependencies
-vi.mock('../../utils/imageToBase64', () => ({
+vi.mock('@lobechat/utils', () => ({
  imageUrlToBase64: vi.fn(),
 }));

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ describe('createBflImage', () => {
    it('should convert single imageUrl to image_prompt base64', async () => {
      // Arrange
      const { parseDataUri } = await import('../../utils/uriParser');
-      const { imageUrlToBase64 } = await import('../../utils/imageToBase64');
+      const { imageUrlToBase64 } = await import('@lobechat/utils');
      const { asyncifyPolling } = await import('../../utils/asyncifyPolling');

      const mockParseDataUri = vi.mocked(parseDataUri);
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ describe('createBflImage', () => {
    it('should convert multiple imageUrls for Kontext models', async () => {
      // Arrange
      const { parseDataUri } = await import('../../utils/uriParser');
-      const { imageUrlToBase64 } = await import('../../utils/imageToBase64');
+      const { imageUrlToBase64 } = await import('@lobechat/utils');
      const { asyncifyPolling } = await import('../../utils/asyncifyPolling');

      const mockParseDataUri = vi.mocked(parseDataUri);
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ describe('createBflImage', () => {
    it('should limit imageUrls to maximum 4 images', async () => {
      // Arrange
      const { parseDataUri } = await import('../../utils/uriParser');
-      const { imageUrlToBase64 } = await import('../../utils/imageToBase64');
+      const { imageUrlToBase64 } = await import('@lobechat/utils');
      const { asyncifyPolling } = await import('../../utils/asyncifyPolling');

      const mockParseDataUri = vi.mocked(parseDataUri);
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import createDebug from 'debug';
 import { RuntimeImageGenParamsValue } from 'model-bank';

@@ -5,7 +6,6 @@ import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '../../types/error';
 import { CreateImagePayload, CreateImageResponse } from '../../types/image';
 import { type TaskResult, asyncifyPolling } from '../../utils/asyncifyPolling';
 import { AgentRuntimeError } from '../../utils/createError';
-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';
 import {
  BFL_ENDPOINTS,
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { ChatCompletionTool } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { Mock, afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { ChatCompletionTool } from '../../types/chat';
 import * as debugStreamModule from '../../utils/debugStream';
 import { LobeCloudflareAI } from './index';

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeCohereAI, params } from './index';

@@ -20,6 +20,92 @@ testProvider({
 });

 describe('LobeDeepSeekAI - custom features', () => {
+  describe('chatCompletion.handlePayload', () => {
+    it('should transform reasoning object to reasoning_content string', () => {
+      const payload = {
+        messages: [
+          { role: 'user', content: 'Hello' },
+          {
+            role: 'assistant',
+            content: 'Hi there',
+            reasoning: { content: 'Let me think...', duration: 1000 },
+          },
+          { role: 'user', content: 'How are you?' },
+        ],
+        model: 'deepseek-r1',
+      };
+
+      const result = params.chatCompletion!.handlePayload!(payload as any);
+
+      expect(result.messages).toEqual([
+        { role: 'user', content: 'Hello' },
+        {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          content: 'Hi there',
+          reasoning_content: 'Let me think...',
+        },
+        { role: 'user', content: 'How are you?' },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('should not modify messages without reasoning field', () => {
+      const payload = {
+        messages: [
+          { role: 'user', content: 'Hello' },
+          { role: 'assistant', content: 'Hi there' },
+        ],
+        model: 'deepseek-chat',
+      };
+
+      const result = params.chatCompletion!.handlePayload!(payload as any);
+
+      expect(result.messages).toEqual(payload.messages);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty reasoning content', () => {
+      const payload = {
+        messages: [
+          {
+            role: 'assistant',
+            content: 'Response',
+            reasoning: { duration: 1000 },
+          },
+        ],
+        model: 'deepseek-r1',
+      };
+
+      const result = params.chatCompletion!.handlePayload!(payload as any);
+
+      expect(result.messages[0]).toEqual({
+        role: 'assistant',
+        content: 'Response',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should set stream to true by default', () => {
+      const payload = {
+        messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello' }],
+        model: 'deepseek-chat',
+      };
+
+      const result = params.chatCompletion!.handlePayload!(payload as any);
+
+      expect(result.stream).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should preserve existing stream value', () => {
+      const payload = {
+        messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello' }],
+        model: 'deepseek-chat',
+        stream: false,
+      };
+
+      const result = params.chatCompletion!.handlePayload!(payload as any);
+
+      expect(result.stream).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
  describe('Debug Configuration', () => {
    it('should disable debug by default', () => {
      delete process.env.DEBUG_DEEPSEEK_CHAT_COMPLETION;
@@ -12,6 +12,30 @@ export interface DeepSeekModelCard {

 export const params = {
  baseURL: 'https://api.deepseek.com/v1',
+  chatCompletion: {
+    handlePayload: (payload) => {
+      // Transform reasoning object to reasoning_content string for multi-turn conversations
+      const messages = payload.messages.map((message: any) => {
+        // Only transform if message has reasoning.content
+        if (message.reasoning?.content) {
+          const { reasoning, ...rest } = message;
+          return {
+            ...rest,
+            reasoning_content: reasoning.content,
+          };
+        }
+        // If message has reasoning but no content, remove reasoning field entirely
+        delete message.reasoning;
+        return message;
+      });
+
+      return {
+        ...payload,
+        messages,
+        stream: payload.stream ?? true,
+      } as any;
+    },
+  },
  debug: {
    chatCompletion: () => process.env.DEBUG_DEEPSEEK_CHAT_COMPLETION === '1',
  },
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-// @vitest-environment edge-runtime
+// @vitest-environment node
 import { GoogleGenAI } from '@google/genai';
+import * as imageToBase64Module from '@lobechat/utils';
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { CreateImagePayload } from '../../types/image';
-import * as imageToBase64Module from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { createGoogleImage } from './createImage';

 const provider = 'google';
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { Content, GenerateContentConfig, GoogleGenAI, Part } from '@google/genai';
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';

 import { convertGoogleAIUsage } from '../../core/usageConverters/google-ai';
 import { CreateImagePayload, CreateImageResponse } from '../../types/image';
 import { AgentRuntimeError } from '../../utils/createError';
 import { getModelPricing } from '../../utils/getModelPricing';
 import { parseGoogleErrorMessage } from '../../utils/googleErrorParser';
-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';

 // Maximum number of images allowed for processing
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @vitest-environment edge-runtime
+// @vitest-environment node
 import { Type as SchemaType } from '@google/genai';
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-// @vitest-environment edge-runtime
+// @vitest-environment node
 import { GenerateContentResponse, Tool } from '@google/genai';
-import { OpenAIChatMessage } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
-import { ChatStreamPayload } from '@lobechat/types';
 import OpenAI from 'openai';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { LOBE_ERROR_KEY } from '../../core/streams';
 import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '../../types/error';
 import * as debugStreamModule from '../../utils/debugStream';
-import * as imageToBase64Module from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { LobeGoogleAI, resolveModelThinkingBudget } from './index';

 const provider = 'google';
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '../../types/error';
 import { LobeGroq, params } from './index';
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeHunyuanAI, params } from './index';

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @vitest-environment edge-runtime
+// @vitest-environment node
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { CreateImageOptions } from '../../core/openaiCompatibleFactory';
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeMistralAI, params } from './index';

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeMoonshotAI, params } from './index';

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { Mock, afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import models from './fixtures/models.json';
 import { LobeNovitaAI } from './index';
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { Ollama } from 'ollama/browser';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
@@ -9,6 +10,13 @@ import * as debugStreamModule from '../../utils/debugStream';
 import { LobeOllamaAI, params } from './index';

 vi.mock('ollama/browser');
+vi.mock('@lobechat/utils', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual('@lobechat/utils');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    imageUrlToBase64: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});

 // Mock the console.error to avoid polluting test output
 vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
@@ -462,13 +470,13 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
  });

  describe('buildOllamaMessages', () => {
-    it('should convert OpenAIChatMessage array to OllamaMessage array', () => {
+    it('should convert OpenAIChatMessage array to OllamaMessage array', async () => {
      const messages = [
        { content: 'Hello', role: 'user' },
        { content: 'Hi there!', role: 'assistant' },
      ];

-      const ollamaMessages = ollamaAI['buildOllamaMessages'](messages as any);
+      const ollamaMessages = await ollamaAI['buildOllamaMessages'](messages as any);

      expect(ollamaMessages).toEqual([
        { content: 'Hello', role: 'user' },
@@ -476,15 +484,15 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      ]);
    });

-    it('should handle empty message array', () => {
+    it('should handle empty message array', async () => {
      const messages: any[] = [];

-      const ollamaMessages = ollamaAI['buildOllamaMessages'](messages);
+      const ollamaMessages = await ollamaAI['buildOllamaMessages'](messages);

      expect(ollamaMessages).toEqual([]);
    });

-    it('should handle multiple messages with different roles', () => {
+    it('should handle multiple messages with different roles', async () => {
      const messages = [
        { content: 'Hello', role: 'system' },
        { content: 'Hi', role: 'user' },
@@ -492,7 +500,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        { content: 'How are you?', role: 'user' },
      ];

-      const ollamaMessages = ollamaAI['buildOllamaMessages'](messages as any);
+      const ollamaMessages = await ollamaAI['buildOllamaMessages'](messages as any);

      expect(ollamaMessages).toHaveLength(4);
      expect(ollamaMessages[0].role).toBe('system');
@@ -503,26 +511,26 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
  });

  describe('convertContentToOllamaMessage', () => {
-    it('should convert string content to OllamaMessage', () => {
+    it('should convert string content to OllamaMessage', async () => {
      const message = { content: 'Hello', role: 'user' };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({ content: 'Hello', role: 'user' });
    });

-    it('should convert text content to OllamaMessage', () => {
+    it('should convert text content to OllamaMessage', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Hello' }],
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({ content: 'Hello', role: 'user' });
    });

-    it('should convert image_url content to OllamaMessage with images', () => {
+    it('should convert image_url content to OllamaMessage with images', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [
          {
@@ -533,7 +541,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: '',
@@ -542,7 +550,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should ignore invalid image_url content', () => {
+    it('should ignore invalid image_url content', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [
          {
@@ -553,7 +561,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: '',
@@ -561,7 +569,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should handle mixed text and image content', () => {
+    it('should handle mixed text and image content', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [
          { type: 'text', text: 'First text' },
@@ -578,7 +586,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: 'Second text', // Should keep latest text
@@ -587,13 +595,13 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should handle content with empty text', () => {
+    it('should handle content with empty text', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [{ type: 'text', text: '' }],
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: '',
@@ -601,7 +609,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should handle content with only images (no text)', () => {
+    it('should handle content with only images (no text)', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [
          {
@@ -612,7 +620,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: '',
@@ -621,7 +629,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should handle multiple images without text', () => {
+    it('should handle multiple images without text', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [
          {
@@ -640,7 +648,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: '',
@@ -649,7 +657,10 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should ignore images with invalid data URIs', () => {
+    it('should ignore images with invalid data URIs', async () => {
+      // Mock imageUrlToBase64 to simulate conversion failure for external URLs
+      vi.mocked(imageUrlToBase64).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'));
+
      const message = {
        content: [
          { type: 'text', text: 'Hello' },
@@ -665,7 +676,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: 'Hello',
@@ -674,7 +685,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should handle complex interleaved content', () => {
+    it('should handle complex interleaved content', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [
          { type: 'text', text: 'Text 1' },
@@ -692,7 +703,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: 'Text 3', // Should keep latest text
@@ -701,7 +712,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should handle assistant role with images', () => {
+    it('should handle assistant role with images', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [
          { type: 'text', text: 'Here is the image' },
@@ -713,7 +724,7 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
        role: 'assistant',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: 'Here is the image',
@@ -722,13 +733,13 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should handle system role with text', () => {
+    it('should handle system role with text', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'You are a helpful assistant' }],
        role: 'system',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: 'You are a helpful assistant',
@@ -736,13 +747,13 @@ describe('LobeOllamaAI', () => {
      });
    });

-    it('should handle empty content array', () => {
+    it('should handle empty content array', async () => {
      const message = {
        content: [],
        role: 'user',
      };

-      const ollamaMessage = ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);
+      const ollamaMessage = await ollamaAI['convertContentToOllamaMessage'](message as any);

      expect(ollamaMessage).toEqual({
        content: '',
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { ChatModelCard } from '@lobechat/types';
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { Ollama, Tool } from 'ollama/browser';
 import { ClientOptions } from 'openai';
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ export class LobeOllamaAI implements LobeRuntimeAI {
      options?.signal?.addEventListener('abort', abort);

      const response = await this.client.chat({
-        messages: this.buildOllamaMessages(payload.messages),
+        messages: await this.buildOllamaMessages(payload.messages),
        model: payload.model,
        options: {
          frequency_penalty: payload.frequency_penalty,
@@ -169,11 +170,13 @@ export class LobeOllamaAI implements LobeRuntimeAI {
    }
  };

-  private buildOllamaMessages(messages: OpenAIChatMessage[]) {
-    return messages.map((message) => this.convertContentToOllamaMessage(message));
+  private async buildOllamaMessages(messages: OpenAIChatMessage[]) {
+    return Promise.all(messages.map((message) => this.convertContentToOllamaMessage(message)));
  }

-  private convertContentToOllamaMessage = (message: OpenAIChatMessage): OllamaMessage => {
+  private convertContentToOllamaMessage = async (
+    message: OpenAIChatMessage,
+  ): Promise<OllamaMessage> => {
    if (typeof message.content === 'string') {
      return { content: message.content, role: message.role };
    }
@@ -183,6 +186,9 @@ export class LobeOllamaAI implements LobeRuntimeAI {
      role: message.role,
    };

+    // Collect image processing tasks for parallel execution
+    const imagePromises: Array<Promise<string | null> | string> = [];
+
    for (const content of message.content) {
      switch (content.type) {
        case 'text': {
@@ -191,16 +197,34 @@ export class LobeOllamaAI implements LobeRuntimeAI {
          break;
        }
        case 'image_url': {
-          const { base64 } = parseDataUri(content.image_url.url);
+          const { base64, type } = parseDataUri(content.image_url.url);
+
+          // If already base64 format, use it directly
          if (base64) {
-            ollamaMessage.images ??= [];
-            ollamaMessage.images.push(base64);
+            imagePromises.push(base64);
+          }
+          // If it's a URL, add async conversion task with error handling
+          else if (type === 'url') {
+            imagePromises.push(
+              imageUrlToBase64(content.image_url.url)
+                .then((result) => result.base64)
+                .catch(() => null), // Silently ignore failed conversions
+            );
          }
          break;
        }
      }
    }

+    // Process all images in parallel and filter out failed conversions
+    if (imagePromises.length > 0) {
+      const results = await Promise.all(imagePromises);
+      const validImages = results.filter((img): img is string => img !== null);
+      if (validImages.length > 0) {
+        ollamaMessage.images = validImages;
+      }
+    }
+
    return ollamaMessage;
  };

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeOpenRouterAI, params } from './index';

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobePerplexityAI } from './index';

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { Mock, afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import models from './fixtures/models.json';
 import { LobePPIOAI } from './index';
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @vitest-environment edge-runtime
+// @vitest-environment node
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

 import { CreateImageOptions } from '../../core/openaiCompatibleFactory';
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeSearch1API, params } from './index';

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import createDebug from 'debug';
 import { RuntimeImageGenParamsValue } from 'model-bank';

@@ -5,7 +6,6 @@ import { CreateImageOptions } from '../../core/openaiCompatibleFactory';
 import { CreateImagePayload, CreateImageResponse } from '../../types';
 import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '../../types/error';
 import { AgentRuntimeError } from '../../utils/createError';
-import { imageUrlToBase64 } from '../../utils/imageToBase64';
 import { parseDataUri } from '../../utils/uriParser';

 const log = createDebug('lobe-image:siliconcloud');
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import OpenAI from 'openai';
 import { Mock, afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import * as debugStreamModule from '../../utils/debugStream';
 import { LobeTaichuAI } from './index';
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeWenxinAI, params } from './index';

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // @vitest-environment node
-import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { LobeOpenAICompatibleRuntime } from '../../core/BaseAI';
 import { testProvider } from '../../providerTestUtils';
 import { LobeZhipuAI, params } from './index';

@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ export type UserMessageContentPart =
 export interface OpenAIChatMessage {
  content: string | UserMessageContentPart[];
  name?: string;
+  reasoning?: {
+    content?: string;
+    duration?: number;
+  };
  role: LLMRoleType;
  tool_call_id?: string;
  tool_calls?: MessageToolCall[];
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ChatErrorType } from '@lobechat/types';
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';

+import { AgentRuntimeErrorType } from '../types/error';
 import { createErrorResponse } from './errorResponse';

 describe('createErrorResponse', () => {
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
-
-import { imageToBase64, imageUrlToBase64 } from './imageToBase64';
-
-describe('imageToBase64', () => {
-  let mockImage: HTMLImageElement;
-  let mockCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
-  let mockContext: CanvasRenderingContext2D;
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    mockImage = {
-      width: 200,
-      height: 100,
-    } as HTMLImageElement;
-
-    mockContext = {
-      drawImage: vi.fn(),
-    } as unknown as CanvasRenderingContext2D;
-
-    mockCanvas = {
-      width: 0,
-      height: 0,
-      getContext: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(mockContext),
-      toDataURL: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('data:image/webp;base64,mockBase64Data'),
-    } as unknown as HTMLCanvasElement;
-
-    vi.spyOn(document, 'createElement').mockReturnValue(mockCanvas);
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.restoreAllMocks();
-  });
-
-  it('should convert image to base64 with correct size and type', () => {
-    const result = imageToBase64({ img: mockImage, size: 100, type: 'image/jpeg' });
-
-    expect(document.createElement).toHaveBeenCalledWith('canvas');
-    expect(mockCanvas.width).toBe(100);
-    expect(mockCanvas.height).toBe(100);
-    expect(mockCanvas.getContext).toHaveBeenCalledWith('2d');
-    expect(mockContext.drawImage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockImage, 50, 0, 100, 100, 0, 0, 100, 100);
-    expect(mockCanvas.toDataURL).toHaveBeenCalledWith('image/jpeg');
-    expect(result).toBe('data:image/webp;base64,mockBase64Data');
-  });
-
-  it('should use default type when not specified', () => {
-    imageToBase64({ img: mockImage, size: 100 });
-    expect(mockCanvas.toDataURL).toHaveBeenCalledWith('image/webp');
-  });
-
-  it('should handle taller images correctly', () => {
-    mockImage.width = 100;
-    mockImage.height = 200;
-    imageToBase64({ img: mockImage, size: 100 });
-    expect(mockContext.drawImage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockImage, 0, 50, 100, 100, 0, 0, 100, 100);
-  });
-});
-
-describe('imageUrlToBase64', () => {
-  const mockFetch = vi.fn();
-  const mockArrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    global.fetch = mockFetch;
-    global.btoa = vi.fn().mockReturnValue('mockBase64String');
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.restoreAllMocks();
-  });
-
-  it('should convert image URL to base64 string', async () => {
-    mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
-      arrayBuffer: () => Promise.resolve(mockArrayBuffer),
-      blob: () => Promise.resolve(new Blob([mockArrayBuffer], { type: 'image/jpg' })),
-    });
-
-    const result = await imageUrlToBase64('https://example.com/image.jpg');
-
-    expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://example.com/image.jpg');
-    expect(global.btoa).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(result).toEqual({ base64: 'mockBase64String', mimeType: 'image/jpg' });
-  });
-
-  it('should throw an error when fetch fails', async () => {
-    const mockError = new Error('Fetch failed');
-    mockFetch.mockRejectedValue(mockError);
-
-    await expect(imageUrlToBase64('https://example.com/image.jpg')).rejects.toThrow('Fetch failed');
-  });
-});
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-export const imageToBase64 = ({
-  size,
-  img,
-  type = 'image/webp',
-}: {
-  img: HTMLImageElement;
-  size: number;
-  type?: string;
-}) => {
-  const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
-  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d') as CanvasRenderingContext2D;
-  let startX = 0;
-  let startY = 0;
-
-  if (img.width > img.height) {
-    startX = (img.width - img.height) / 2;
-  } else {
-    startY = (img.height - img.width) / 2;
-  }
-
-  canvas.width = size;
-  canvas.height = size;
-
-  ctx.drawImage(
-    img,
-    startX,
-    startY,
-    Math.min(img.width, img.height),
-    Math.min(img.width, img.height),
-    0,
-    0,
-    size,
-    size,
-  );
-
-  return canvas.toDataURL(type);
-};
-
-export const imageUrlToBase64 = async (
-  imageUrl: string,
-): Promise<{ base64: string; mimeType: string }> => {
-  try {
-    const res = await fetch(imageUrl);
-    const blob = await res.blob();
-    const arrayBuffer = await blob.arrayBuffer();
-
-    const base64 =
-      typeof btoa === 'function'
-        ? btoa(
-            new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer).reduce(
-              (data, byte) => data + String.fromCharCode(byte),
-              '',
-            ),
-          )
-        : Buffer.from(arrayBuffer).toString('base64');
-
-    return { base64, mimeType: blob.type };
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error('Error converting image to base64:', error);
-    throw error;
-  }
-};
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/**
+ * Browser version of SSRF-safe fetch
+ * In browser environments, we simply use the native fetch API
+ * as SSRF attacks are not applicable in client-side code
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Browser-safe fetch implementation
+ * Uses native fetch API in browser environments
+ */
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+export const ssrfSafeFetch = async (url: string, options?: RequestInit): Promise<Response> => {
+  return fetch(url, options);
+};
@@ -2,7 +2,14 @@
  "name": "ssrf-safe-fetch",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
-  "description": "",
+  "description": "SSRF-safe fetch implementation with browser/node conditional exports",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "browser": "./index.browser.ts",
+      "node": "./index.ts",
+      "default": "./index.ts"
+    }
+  },
  "main": "index.ts",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "vitest run"
@@ -36,23 +36,30 @@ export const imageToBase64 = ({
  return canvas.toDataURL(type);
 };

+/**
+ * Convert image URL to base64
+ * Uses SSRF-safe fetch on server-side to prevent SSRF attacks
+ */
 export const imageUrlToBase64 = async (
  imageUrl: string,
 ): Promise<{ base64: string; mimeType: string }> => {
  try {
-    const res = await fetch(imageUrl);
+    const isServer = typeof window === 'undefined';
+
+    // Use SSRF-safe fetch on server-side to prevent SSRF attacks
+    const res = isServer
+      ? await import('ssrf-safe-fetch').then((m) => m.ssrfSafeFetch(imageUrl))
+      : await fetch(imageUrl);
+
    const blob = await res.blob();
    const arrayBuffer = await blob.arrayBuffer();

-    const base64 =
-      typeof btoa === 'function'
-        ? btoa(
-            new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer).reduce(
-              (data, byte) => data + String.fromCharCode(byte),
-              '',
-            ),
-          )
-        : Buffer.from(arrayBuffer).toString('base64');
+    // Client-side uses btoa, server-side uses Buffer
+    const base64 = isServer
+      ? Buffer.from(arrayBuffer).toString('base64')
+      : btoa(
+          new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer).reduce((data, byte) => data + String.fromCharCode(byte), ''),
+        );

    return { base64, mimeType: blob.type };
  } catch (error) {
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ export * from './detectChinese';
 export * from './format';
 export * from './imageToBase64';
 export * from './keyboard';
+export * from './merge';
 export * from './number';
 export * from './object';
-export * from './parseModels';
 export * from './pricing';
 export * from './safeParseJSON';
 export * from './sleep';
@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
    }

    return NextResponse.redirect(finalRedirectUrl, {
-      headers: request.headers,
      status: 303,
    });
  } catch (error) {
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getMessageError } from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
 import { ChatMessageError } from '@lobechat/types';
 import { AudioPlayer } from '@lobehub/tts/react';
 import { Alert, Button, Highlighter, Select, SelectProps } from '@lobehub/ui';
@@ -9,7 +10,6 @@ import { Flexbox } from 'react-layout-kit';

 import { useTTS } from '@/hooks/useTTS';
 import { TTSServer } from '@/types/agent';
-import { getMessageError } from '@/utils/fetch';

 interface SelectWithTTSPreviewProps extends SelectProps {
  server: TTSServer;
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { MessageTextChunk } from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
 import {
  chainPickEmoji,
  chainSummaryAgentName,
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ import { systemAgentSelectors } from '@/store/user/slices/settings/selectors';
 import { LobeAgentChatConfig, LobeAgentConfig } from '@/types/agent';
 import { MetaData } from '@/types/meta';
 import { SystemAgentItem } from '@/types/user/settings';
-import { MessageTextChunk } from '@/utils/fetch';
 import { merge } from '@/utils/merge';
 import { setNamespace } from '@/utils/storeDebug';

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getMessageError } from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
 import { ChatMessageError } from '@lobechat/types';
 import { SpeechRecognitionOptions, useSpeechRecognition } from '@lobehub/tts/react';
 import isEqual from 'fast-deep-equal';
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import { useGlobalStore } from '@/store/global';
 import { globalGeneralSelectors } from '@/store/global/selectors';
 import { useUserStore } from '@/store/user';
 import { settingsSelectors } from '@/store/user/selectors';
-import { getMessageError } from '@/utils/fetch';

 import CommonSTT from './common';

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getMessageError } from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
 import { ChatMessageError } from '@lobechat/types';
 import { getRecordMineType } from '@lobehub/tts';
 import { OpenAISTTOptions, useOpenAISTT } from '@lobehub/tts/react';
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ import { useGlobalStore } from '@/store/global';
 import { globalGeneralSelectors } from '@/store/global/selectors';
 import { useUserStore } from '@/store/user';
 import { settingsSelectors } from '@/store/user/selectors';
-import { getMessageError } from '@/utils/fetch';

 import CommonSTT from './common';

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getMessageError } from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
 import { ChatMessageError, ChatTTS } from '@lobechat/types';
 import { memo, useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
@@ -5,7 +6,6 @@ import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { useTTS } from '@/hooks/useTTS';
 import { useChatStore } from '@/store/chat';
 import { useFileStore } from '@/store/file';
-import { getMessageError } from '@/utils/fetch';

 import Player from './Player';

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ exports[`MCPClient > Stdio Transport > should list tools via stdio 1`] = `
    "description": "Lists all available tools and methods",
    "inputSchema": {
      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {},
      "type": "object",
    },
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ vi.mock('@/envs/llm', () => ({
  })),
 }));

-vi.mock('@/utils/parseModels', () => ({
+vi.mock('@/utils/server/parseModels', () => ({
  extractEnabledModels: vi.fn(async (providerId: string, modelString?: string) => {
    if (!modelString) return undefined;
    return [`${providerId}-model-1`, `${providerId}-model-2`];
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ describe('genServerAiProvidersConfig', () => {
  it('should use environment variables for model lists', async () => {
    process.env.OPENAI_MODEL_LIST = '+gpt-4,+gpt-3.5-turbo';

-    const { extractEnabledModels } = vi.mocked(await import('@/utils/parseModels'));
+    const { extractEnabledModels } = vi.mocked(await import('@/utils/server/parseModels'));
    extractEnabledModels.mockResolvedValue(['gpt-4', 'gpt-3.5-turbo']);

    const result = await genServerAiProvidersConfig({});
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ describe('genServerAiProvidersConfig', () => {

    process.env.CUSTOM_OPENAI_MODELS = '+custom-model';

-    const { extractEnabledModels } = vi.mocked(await import('@/utils/parseModels'));
+    const { extractEnabledModels } = vi.mocked(await import('@/utils/server/parseModels'));

    await genServerAiProvidersConfig(specificConfig);

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ describe('genServerAiProvidersConfig', () => {
    process.env.OPENAI_MODEL_LIST = '+gpt-4->deployment1';

    const { extractEnabledModels, transformToAiModelList } = vi.mocked(
-      await import('@/utils/parseModels'),
+      await import('@/utils/server/parseModels'),
    );

    await genServerAiProvidersConfig(specificConfig);
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ describe('genServerAiProvidersConfig Error Handling', () => {
      getLLMConfig: vi.fn(() => ({})),
    }));

-    vi.doMock('@/utils/parseModels', () => ({
+    vi.doMock('@/utils/server/parseModels', () => ({
      extractEnabledModels: vi.fn(async () => undefined),
      transformToAiModelList: vi.fn(async () => []),
    }));
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { ProviderConfig } from '@lobechat/types';
-import { extractEnabledModels, transformToAiModelList } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import { AiFullModelCard, ModelProvider } from 'model-bank';
 import * as AiModels from 'model-bank';

 import { getLLMConfig } from '@/envs/llm';
+import { extractEnabledModels, transformToAiModelList } from '@/utils/server/parseModels';

 interface ProviderSpecificConfig {
  enabled?: boolean;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ vi.stubGlobal(
 );

 // Mock image processing utilities
-vi.mock('@/utils/fetch', async (importOriginal) => {
+vi.mock('@lobechat/fetch-sse', async (importOriginal) => {
  const module = await importOriginal();

  return { ...(module as any), getMessageError: vi.fn() };
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ describe('ChatService', () => {

    beforeEach(async () => {
      // Setup common fetchSSE mock for getChatCompletion tests
-      const { fetchSSE } = await import('@/utils/fetch');
+      const { fetchSSE } = await import('@lobechat/fetch-sse');
      mockFetchSSE = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(new Response('mock response'));
      vi.mocked(fetchSSE).mockImplementation(mockFetchSSE);
    });
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ describe('ChatService', () => {

    it('should return InvalidAccessCode error when enableFetchOnClient is true and auth is enabled but user is not signed in', async () => {
      // Mock fetchSSE to call onErrorHandle with the error
-      const { fetchSSE } = await import('@/utils/fetch');
+      const { fetchSSE } = await import('@lobechat/fetch-sse');

      const mockFetchSSEWithError = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url, options) => {
        // Simulate the error being caught and passed to onErrorHandle
@@ -1238,8 +1238,8 @@ vi.mock('../_auth', async (importOriginal) => {
 describe('ChatService private methods', () => {
  describe('getChatCompletion', () => {
    it('should merge responseAnimation styles correctly', async () => {
-      const { fetchSSE } = await import('@/utils/fetch');
-      vi.mock('@/utils/fetch', async (importOriginal) => {
+      const { fetchSSE } = await import('@lobechat/fetch-sse');
+      vi.mock('@lobechat/fetch-sse', async (importOriginal) => {
        const module = await importOriginal();
        return {
          ...(module as any),
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ vi.stubGlobal(
  vi.fn(() => Promise.resolve(new Response(JSON.stringify({ some: 'data' })))),
 );

-vi.mock('@/utils/fetch', async (importOriginal) => {
+vi.mock('@lobechat/fetch-sse', async (importOriginal) => {
  const module = await importOriginal();

  return { ...(module as any), getMessageError: vi.fn() };
@@ -243,6 +243,10 @@ describe('contextEngineering', () => {
            type: 'text',
          },
        ],
+        reasoning: {
+          content: 'I need to calculate the answer to life, universe, and everything.',
+          signature: 'thinking_process',
+        },
        role: 'assistant',
      },
    ]);
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+import {
+  FetchSSEOptions,
+  fetchSSE,
+  getMessageError,
+  standardizeAnimationStyle,
+} from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
 import { AgentRuntimeError, ChatCompletionErrorPayload } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
 import { ChatErrorType, TracePayload, TraceTagMap, UIChatMessage } from '@lobechat/types';
 import { PluginRequestPayload, createHeadersWithPluginSettings } from '@lobehub/chat-plugin-sdk';
@@ -25,12 +31,6 @@ import {
 import type { ChatStreamPayload, OpenAIChatMessage } from '@/types/openai/chat';
 import { fetchWithInvokeStream } from '@/utils/electron/desktopRemoteRPCFetch';
 import { createErrorResponse } from '@/utils/errorResponse';
-import {
-  FetchSSEOptions,
-  fetchSSE,
-  getMessageError,
-  standardizeAnimationStyle,
-} from '@/utils/fetch';
 import { createTraceHeader, getTraceId } from '@/utils/trace';

 import { createHeaderWithAuth } from '../_auth';
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+import { FetchSSEOptions } from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
 import { TracePayload } from '@lobechat/types';
-import { FetchSSEOptions } from '@/utils/fetch';

 export interface FetchOptions extends FetchSSEOptions {
  historySummary?: string;
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+import { getMessageError } from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
+
 import { isDeprecatedEdition } from '@/const/version';
 import { createHeaderWithAuth } from '@/services/_auth';
 import { aiProviderSelectors, getAiInfraStoreState } from '@/store/aiInfra';
 import { useUserStore } from '@/store/user';
 import { modelConfigSelectors } from '@/store/user/selectors';
 import { ChatModelCard } from '@/types/llm';
-import { getMessageError } from '@/utils/fetch';

 import { API_ENDPOINTS } from './_url';
 import { initializeWithClientStore } from './chat/clientModelRuntime';
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { isDesktop } from '@lobechat/const';
 import { ProxyTRPCRequestParams, dispatch, streamInvoke } from '@lobechat/electron-client-ipc';
+import { getRequestBody, headersToRecord } from '@lobechat/fetch-sse';
 import debug from 'debug';

 import { getElectronStoreState } from '@/store/electron';
 import { electronSyncSelectors } from '@/store/electron/selectors';
-import { getRequestBody, headersToRecord } from '@/utils/fetch';

 const log = debug('utils:desktopRemoteRPCFetch');

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import { getModelPropertyWithFallback } from '@lobechat/model-runtime';
+import { merge } from '@lobechat/utils';
 import { produce } from 'immer';
 import { AiFullModelCard, AiModelType } from 'model-bank';

-import { merge } from './merge';
-
 /**
 * Parse model string to add or remove models.
 */
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ export default defineConfig({
      // TODO: after refactor the errorResponse, we can remove it
      '@/utils/errorResponse': resolve(__dirname, './src/utils/errorResponse'),
      '@/utils/unzipFile': resolve(__dirname, './src/utils/unzipFile'),
+      '@/utils/server': resolve(__dirname, './src/utils/server'),
+      '@/utils/electron': resolve(__dirname, './src/utils/electron'),
      '@/utils': resolve(__dirname, './packages/utils/src'),
      '@/types': resolve(__dirname, './packages/types/src'),
      '@/const': resolve(__dirname, './packages/const/src'),
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
semantic-release-bot	f3a48ea4db	🔖 chore(release): v1.143.1 [skip ci] ### [Version 1.143.1](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v1.143.0...v1.143.1) <sup>Released on 2025-12-02</sup> #### 🐛 Bug Fixes - misc: Deepseek interleaved thinking. <br/> <details> <summary><kbd>Improvements and Fixes</kbd></summary> #### What's fixed * misc: Deepseek interleaved thinking, closes [#10550](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10550) ([`73f3066`](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/73f3066)) </details> <div align="right"> [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-BACK_TO_TOP-151515?style=flat-square)](#readme-top) </div>	2025-12-02 07:31:05 +00:00
Arvin Xu	73f3066b11	🐛 fix: deepseek interleaved thinking (#10550 ) fix	2025-12-02 15:19:31 +08:00
lobehubbot	96784b68b5	📝 docs(bot): Auto sync agents & plugin to readme	2025-12-01 03:01:34 +00:00
semantic-release-bot	eb0b8a56c7	🔖 chore(release): v1.143.0 [skip ci] ## [Version 1.143.0](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v1.142.9...v1.143.0) <sup>Released on 2025-12-01</sup> #### ✨ Features - misc: Support DeepSeek Interleaved thinking. <br/> <details> <summary><kbd>Improvements and Fixes</kbd></summary> #### What's improved * misc: Support DeepSeek Interleaved thinking, closes [#10478](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10478) [#10219](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10219) [#10152](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/10152) ([`aee5d71`](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/aee5d71)) </details> <div align="right"> [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-BACK_TO_TOP-151515?style=flat-square)](#readme-top) </div>	2025-12-01 03:00:20 +00:00
Arvin Xu	aee5d7144f	✨ feat: support DeepSeek Interleaved thinking (#10478 ) * ✨ feat: support DeepSeek Interleaved thinking (#10219) * 🐛 fix: add SSRF protection (#10152) * fix snap --------- Co-authored-by: YuTengjing <ytj2713151713@gmail.com>	2025-12-01 09:57:10 +08:00
lobehubbot	60924d7742	📝 docs(bot): Auto sync agents & plugin to readme	2025-11-02 13:49:18 +00:00
semantic-release-bot	a2a097fbec	🔖 chore(release): v1.142.9 [skip ci] ### [Version 1.142.9](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/compare/v1.142.8...v1.142.9) <sup>Released on 2025-11-02</sup> #### 🐛 Bug Fixes - misc: OIDC error when connecting to self-host instance. <br/> <details> <summary><kbd>Improvements and Fixes</kbd></summary> #### What's fixed * misc: OIDC error when connecting to self-host instance, closes [#9916](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/issues/9916) ([`2e2b9c4`](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/2e2b9c4)) </details> <div align="right"> [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-BACK_TO_TOP-151515?style=flat-square)](#readme-top) </div>	2025-11-02 13:47:55 +00:00
YuTengjing	197118347c	📝 docs: update ComfyUI documentation cover image URL (#9997 )	2025-11-02 21:35:01 +08:00
Aloxaf	2e2b9c4c88	🐛 fix: OIDC error when connecting to self-host instance (#9916 ) fix: oidc/consent redirect header	2025-10-31 00:25:21 +08:00